Uvavanyo olutsha olusandul 'ukuzalwa luvavanyo olungenangxamanga olubonisa izixa zengxaki zokuvalelwa kwiintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa. Uvavanyo luya kusetyenziswa iintsana zangaphambi kokusesikweni kunye neentsana ezisesikweni.
Uvavanyo lokuvalelwa kweNtsana olutsha lusenziwa njani?
Phantse zonke iifundo zifuna ukuba izibhedlele kunye neziko zokubhabhisa zibonelela ukuvavanya kwindlebe kubo bonke abantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeemvavanyo zokuvavanya eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iintsana:
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Otacoustic (OAE): Ngethuba lovavanyo lwe-OAE, i-earphone encinci ifakwe kwindlebe yengane. Isandi siphume, kwaye ukuphuma kwe-otoacoustic eyenziwa yindlebe (njenge-echo) ilinganiswa.
- Impendulo ye-brainstorm response (ABR): Ngexesha lokuvavanya kwe-ABR, iintloko ze-headphones zifakwe kwiindlebe zentsana, kwaye i-electrodes ifakwa kwintloko yentombazana. Izandi zidlalwa kwii-earphone, kwaye i-electrodes iyalinganisa impendulo yengqondo.
Kule ngongoma, iimvavanyo ze-OAE kunye ne-ABR zibhekwa njengesivivinyo esinokwethenjelwa kwiskrini sokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kwiintsana ezintle. Uvavanyo lwe- ABR lunconywa endaweni yokuhlolwa kwe-OAE kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha kunye neentsana ezithe zachitha ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-5 kwi-NICU, njengoko ingafumanisa iintlobo ezithile zokulahlekelwa kwintetho ezingafunyanwanga novavanyo lwe-OAE kuphela.
Iintshaba kunye ne-NICU Izigulane kwiNgcipheko yokuLawula ukulahlekelwa
Iintsana zokuqala kunye neentsana ezisesikweni ezifuna ukunakekelwa kwe-NICU zingengozini enkulu yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe kunabantwana abancinci ngezizathu ezininzi, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba bafumane uvavanyo lokuvavanywa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kwesibhedlele:
- Ukuqala kokuqala: Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa (ukuzalwa ngaphambi kweentsuku ezingama-37 ukunyuka) kuyingozi yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe.
- Isisindo sokuzalwa esincinane: Iintsana ezizalwe zilingana ngaphantsi kwama-5, i-ounces (i-2500 g) zibhekwa njengezilwanyana ezincinci zokuzalwa kwaye zisesengozini yokwanda kweendlebe.
- Amachiza: Amanye amayeza asetyenziswa kwi-NICU angalimaza indlebe, ngokukodwa, iintsholongwane ezifana ne-gentamicin. La mayeza angasetyenziswa kwiintshaba okanye kwizigulane zeNICU ezizalwe ngekota.
- I-jaundice: I-jaundice enkulu ikhulisa umngcipheko wengane yokulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Iintsana ezinokuqala zinegazi elinzima kakhulu rhoqo kunezintsana.
- Usuleleko: Iintsana zinomngcipheko ophezulu wokulahlekelwa kwindlebe ukuba umama wabo unentsholongwane kwisisu okanye i-amniotic sac ngaphambi kokunikezelwa. Iintsana eziye zafumanisa ukuba zine-meningitis okanye ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane nazo zisengozini yokunyuka kweendlebe.
Kutheni Isivivinyo sinikezelwa kwiintsana
Nangona kungabonakali ngathi iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ziphulaphula kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kufunyanwe kusasa. Ngokomlando, abantwana abaneentlungu ezilahlekileyo zentetho babekho ubunzima beelwimi abachaphazela ukuba bafunde kakuhle, bathetha, kwaye badibana nabanye abantwana. Babenokulibaziseka kokuphuhlisa kunye neengxaki zengqondo.
Xa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kufunyenwe ngeenyanga ezi-3 ubudala kwaye unyango luqala ngaphambi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, abantwana abanokulahlekelwa kwindlebe baphumelele ngakumbi. Badibana nemigangatho ephambili yentuthuko ngexesha, yenza ngcono esikolweni, baneengxaki ezimbalwa zengqondo, kwaye bafunde ukuthetha ngokufanelekileyo.
Yintoni eyenzekayo Ukuba Umntwana Wethu Uhluleka Ukuvavanywa?
Kubalulekile ukuba abazali bakhumbule ukuba uvavanyo lokuvavanya olusandul 'ukuzalwa luphela vavanyo lokuhlola. Umntwana "osilela" uvavanyo alufumaneki ngokuzenzekelayo ngelahleko yokuva.
Kunoko, umntwana ongaphenduliyo njengoko kulindeleke ukuba uvavanyo lokuvavanya kufuneka uthunyelwe kwi-audiologist okanye i-otolaryngologist (ugqirha, indlebe kunye nomgudu webhola) ukuze uhlolwe ngakumbi. Yingakho oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi bengathethi ukuba umntwana "wehlulekile" uvavanyo lokuvavanya; bathi "uthetha" kwisinye okanye kwiindlebe zombini.
Ukuba umntwana wakho uhanjisiwe, khuluma nodokotela wakho wezilwanyana ngokukhawuleza ngokumalunga nokucwangcisa i-aphoyintimenti yokuhlola okulandelelweyo. I-audiologist okanye i-otolaryngologist inokubonelela ngeemvavanyo ezivakalayo zokuvalelwa kukunceda ukuba uqonde apho umntwana wakho enenkathazo kwaye unokukunceda ufumane unyango lwakho umntwana alufunayo.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Joint Committee kwi-Child's Hearing. Ingxelo kaNyaka ka-2007: Imigaqo kunye neZikhokelo zokuThola nokuPhucula kwangaphambili. Iimviwo zonyango ngo-Oktobha 2007; 120, 898-921.
D'Agostino, RN, MSN, CPNP noAustin, uLaura MS, CCC / A. "I-Neuropathy ye-Auditory: I-Unquentially Under-Recognized Neonatal Care Care Unit." Ukuqhubela phambili kwiNkonzo yokuNakekelwa kweNtsana kaDisemba 2004; 4, 344-353.
AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. "Ngaba Ukuphulaphula Kwakho Ingane Yakho Ikhutshwe?" http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/screened.asp.