Yintoni i-Early Preterm Infant?
Ngaphambi kweentsana zangaphambi kweentsana - iintsana ezizalwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-34 neye-37-zibukeka njengeenguqu ezincinci zeintsana ezipheleleyo. Kwangexesha elide, iintsana zokuqala zangaphambili zaphathwa njengezithuba zentsana ezipheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando luye lwabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ezi ntwana azifani neentsana ezipheleleyo zexesha kunye nokuba zinesidingo esisodwa semfuno kunye nemingeni.
Iintsana ezizalwe ngokukhawuleza kwixesha, ngokwenene, ziintshaba.
Nangona emva kweeveki ezingama-37, iintsana ezipheleleyo zentsana zinokuba neengxaki ezifanayo kunye neentsana zokuqala zentsana. Umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo ngenxa yobungqungquthela uqala ukuhla kweeveki ezingama-37 kodwa ungagqithanga ngokupheleleyo kude kube neveki ezingama- 39.
Ixhala leMpilo
Kwieyure emva kokuzalwa, iintsana zijongene nemingeni emininzi njengoko zilungelelanisa nobomi ngaphandle kwesibeleko. Umoya ophefumulayo, ukufudumala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwihlabathi yonke imisebenzi nzima! Nangona ezininzi iintsana zokugqibela ziqala ukulungiswa kakuhle, ezinye zinenkathazo. Nangona iintsana ezisemva kwexesha elibelethwe ngumama onempilo ezingenayo ingxaki zingabhekana nazo:
- Iingxaki zokuphefumula: Iingxaki zokuphefumula zivela kwi-4.2% yokuzalwa kokuzalwa kwangaphambili, kodwa i-0.1% kuphela yokuzalwa kwexesha elipheleleyo. Iingxaki zokuphefumula zingaba zincinci okanye zizinze kwaye zingabandakanya ukuphefumula kwesifo sokugula, i-tachypnea engasemva kwintsana, i-pulmonary hypertension, kunye nesidingo sokuxhasa ukuphefumula .
- I-Hypoglycemia: Ngoxa i-0.4% kuphela yeentsana zexesha elichaphazelekayo ngegazi eliphantsi kwegazi emva kweeyure emva kokuzalwa, ama-6.8% asebantwaneni abancinci bexesha elidlulileyo li-hypoglycemic emva kokunikezelwa. Iintsana ezizalwe ekuqaleni azigcinanga ushukela oluninzi njengezithuba ezipheleleyo zeentsana, kwaye ziba ne-hypoglycemic kalula xa zishushu okanye zixinezelekile.
- Ukunyuka kwe-thermoregulation: Iintsana zokuqala azinawo amaninzi atyebileyo njengoko iintsana zinexesha, kwaye zibandayo ngokulula. Iintsana ezinobumba zitshisa iikhalori ezininzi ukuzama ukufudumala, zenze i-hypoglycemia ibe nzima kwaye iyancipha inzuzo.
Ukukhathazeka kwiiveki zokuQala
Nangona emva kweentsana zokuqala zangaphambili zilungisa utshintsho lobomi ngaphandle kwesibeleko, zijamelana nemingeni. Ezi mingeni zikhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokufunda esibhedlele emva kweentsana zokuqala ezisekuqaleni kweeyure ezingama-48 zokuzalwa. Abazali kunye nabantwana bezilwanyana abanakekela iintsana ezisemva kwexesha elide kufuneka baqaphele ukuqinisekisa ukuba le ntsana ephosakeleyo ihlala isempilweni emva kokuya ekhaya.
- I-jaundice: Nangona kuphela i-2.5% yeentsana ezipheleleyo zexesha elilodwa elinesifo se- jaundice esinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukufuna i-phototherapy, i-18% yeentsana ezisemva kwexesha elidlulileyo i-jaundice imbi ngokwaneleyo ukuba kufuneka iphathwe.
- Imingeni yokutya: Ngexesha elide iintsana zihlala zidiniwe kwaye zikwazi ukuba zomelele ngokwaneleyo i-feeders ukusela ubisi oluseleyo okanye intsholongwane ukwenzela ukuba bunzima. Oku kunokubangela ukupheliswa kwamanzi okanye ukungaphumeleli. Ukuhluleka ukubeleka kungomnye umngcipheko: omama abanabantwana abancinci ngokufanelekileyo abanako ukuvelisa ubisi ngokwaneleyo ukunyusa iintsana zabo.
- I-Sepsis: Ngenxa yokuba amajoni abo omzimba awaphuhlisi ngokupheleleyo, iintsana ezisemva kwexesha elide zifumana ingozi enkulu yokusuleleka kwintsana. Basenokwenzeka ukuba banomsebenzi wegazi owenzelwe ukuvavanya usulelo kwaye banokuthi bafune unyango lwe-antibiotic.
Ukukhathazeka ngakumbi
Uninzi lweengxaki ezijongene neentsana zokuqala zangaphambili ziyabonakala ukuba zithintela uphuhliso lwengqondo.
Ngelishwa, uphando oluninzi lweziphumo zexesha elide lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kwiintsana zangaphambi kwexesha zijolise kwiintsana ezelwe ngaphambi kweveki ezingama-34. Siyazi ukuba iintsana ezisemva kwexesha elide zisemngciphekweni wokuphucotha ukuphuculwa, kwaye kuphando olwenziwa ngakumbi ukuba lubone indlela abantwana abasenyangeni abasemva ngayo esikolweni njengoko bekhula. Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyamekela, uninzi lwale ntsana luyakwenza okulungileyo.
Darcy, A. MSN, RN. "Iingxaki ze-Early Preterm Child". Umbhalo we-Nursing ne-Neonatal Nursing uJanuwari / Matshi 2009. 23; 78-86.
Melamed, N. MD, Klinger, G. MD, Tenebaurm-Gavish, K. MD, Herscovici, T. MD, Linder, N., Hod, M. MD, Yogev, Y. MD. Isiphumo esifutshane esifutshane se-Neonatal kwi-Risk ephantsi, ngokukhawuleza, i-Singleton, i-Preterm Preterm Iintlawulo. " I-Obstetrics & Gynecology Agasti 2009. 114; 253-260.