Ezisisiseko esitsha
Iintsana ezininzi ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ziyaba yi-jaundiced-i-yellow discoloration kwesikhumba kunye namehlo avela kumazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia).
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa kunye ne-jaundice yomzimba ziya kuba namazinga e-jaundice abuyela kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwonyango. Zivame ukuba ne-bilirubin kakhulu ngenxa yokuba isibindi esingafakiyo asikwazi ukusikhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, esikhokelela kumanqanaba akhulayo kwiintsuku ezimbini nantathu kunye nenani eliphakamileyo ngosuku lwesine emva kokuzalwa kwabo.
Ngelishwa, ngenxa yokuba i-jaundice ngamanye amaxesha ingena kumazinga aphezulu aphezulu, ngamanye amaxesha iholela ekernicterus kunye nokulimala kwengqondo, kubalulekile ukuba i-jaundice ayinakunyanzelwa.
Iimpawu ze-Jaundice kunye neempawu
Iintsana zenza i-jaundice, i-yellow-color discoloration yesikhumba sabo kunye namacandelo amhlophe amehlo abo, njenge-bilirubin eyakhayo egazini labo nasesikhumbeni.
Izimpawu kunye neempawu ezinokuthi umntwana we-jaundice angase afike kwizinga eliphakamileyo elinokuthi unokubandakanya:
- ukuhlanza
- ukunyaniseka
- ungondli kakuhle
- umkhuhlane
- ukukhala okukhulu
- umchamo omnyama okanye izibane
Imbali yentsapho ye-jaundice enzima ifanele ibe yinto engummangaliso yokuba umntwana unokuhlakulela amanqanaba e-jaundice aphezulu.
IJajice Treatment
Ukumisela izinga lomntwana we-jaundice, i-serum bilirubin (TSB), ukuhlolwa kwegazi okanye i-transcutaneous bilirubin (TCB).
Ukujonga nje umntwana ukuba uqikelele umgangatho wabo we-jaundice awunconywa kuba awunakulungi.
Inqanaba le-transcutaneous le-bilirubin yindlela efanelekileyo yokuhlolwa kwegazi xa kunokuthi kwenziwe, njengoko kubandakanyeka ukukhetha iqondo le-bilirubin elukhumbeni lomntwana usebenzisa isixhobo esifana nomshini weBiliCheck.
Amanqanaba eBilirubin anokucetywa kwi-nomogram eyiyure ukuze ancede ukuba acinge ukuba umntwana ufuna unyango, oluqhelekileyo luquka i-phototherapy eqhelekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yonyango olululo.
I-Phototherapy isebenzisa umlinganiselo omncinane wokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka ukunceda umntwana aguqulwe i-bilirubin ibe yimveliso engadluliselwa kumchamo kunye ne-bile. Ukongeza kwi-phototherapy yesibini yebhanki eyenziwa rhoqo esibhedlele, iintsana ze-jaundiced ngezinye iinkhathi ziphathwa nge-biliblankets (i-fiberoptic pad) okanye kwiBilibed. I-home phototherapy ngamanye amaxesha imiselwe ukuba loo ntsana ayengengozini ephezulu yokuphuhlisa i-jaundice engafinyelela kumazinga aphezulu angengozini.
Olunye unyango lwezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-jaundice li-transfusion transfusion, apho inani elinqunywe ngaphambili legazi lomntwana lisuswe kwaye lithatyathwa ngamanzi azinikeleyo.
Iingcebiso zeJajice
Ukunceda ukukhusela iimeko ezinzima ze-jaundice, i-AAP icebisa ukuba:
- Oomama abancancisayo banamancinci ama-8 ukuya kuma-12 ngamaxesha ngosuku lokuqala lweentsuku emva kokuba umntwana azalwe kwaye aphephe ukuxhaswa ngamanzi rhoqo okanye amanzi ashukela.
- iintsana ziza kuhlolwa ngokuthe rhoqo kwi-jaundice kwii-nursery ubuncinane zonke iiyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwezi-12
- Inqanaba le-jaundice kufuneka lihlolwe ukuba umntwana ubonakala e-jaundiced ngaphambi kokuba abe ngamahora angama-24 ubudala
- Iintsana zinezinga le-bilirubin lihlolwe ngethuba lokukhutshwa kwii-nursery ukuze umntwana ahlolwe ingozi yabo yokuphuhlisa i-jaundice enzima
Okubaluleke kakhulu, zonke iintsana kufuneka zibonwe ngunyango lwabantwana kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokukhutshwa kwindlu yokugcina abantwana ukuze zithwale ubunzima, ipesenti zitshintshe ukusuka kwisisindo sokuzalwa, kwaye ingozi ye-jaundice ihlolwe. Ukutyelela okokuqala kwinqanaba labantwana kubalulekile ukwenzela ukuba ukulahlekelwa ngokweqile kwamanqanaba kunye namazinga aphezulu e-jaundice aphuthelwa.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiintsana ezinomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphuhlisa izinga eliphezulu le-jaundice, kubandakanywa iintsana zokuqala, iintsana ezinenkathazo yokutya, ukunyunyuza kakhulu okanye i-cephalohematoma, okanye uhlobo lwegazi oluvela kumama wabo (i-ABO okanye i-Rh incompatibilities).
Ezinye iindlela zokuLungisa iiJundice
Ezinye iindlela zokulungisa i-jaundice kufuneka ziphetshwe.
I-home remedy remedy for jaundice ekufuneka ikhutshwe ibeka umntwana wakho elangeni. Ukongezelela ekukhanyeni okwesibhakabhaka okufakwe kwi-phototherapy eqhelekileyo, ilanga libonisa ukuba umntwana wakho ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet kunye nokukhanya kwe-infrared. Kwaye ixesha elincinci lexesha umntwana wakho anokunyamezela ngalo ukukhanya kwelanga akuyi kwenza nto kumanqanaba akhe omhlathi.
Ngokutsho kwe-AAP, "ubunzima obunobungozi obubandakanyeka ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuzalwa kwintshonalanga kwi-inside okanye ngaphandle (kwaye ukuphepha ukushisa kwelanga) kungavumeli ukukhanya kwelanga njengethuluzi lokuthenjwa lokuthenjwa."
Izizathu zeJaundice
Ukongeza kwi-jaundice yomzimba yintsana, ezinye iintlobo ze-jaundice ziquka:
- Ukuncelisa i-jaundice - i-jaundice ebuhlungu ngenxa yokunikezelwa kwesifuba esisweleyo okanye ukunyamekela ngononophelo lweveki yokuqala, okukhokelela ekudambiseni amandla kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo.
- isifuba esiswini se-jaundice - ngokungafani ne-jaundice yokuncelisa, ezi ziintsana zinamantombazi kwaye zinamazinga omzimba we-jaundice onokuhlala iinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu.
- I-Gilbert's syndrome - imeko yesimo somzimba engabangela amancinci omzimba we-jaundice oza kwaye uhamba xa umntwana egula, nangona izifo ezincinci, usebenzise ngokugqithiseleyo, okanye phantsi kwezinye iintlobo zengcinezelo
- I-Crigler-Nijjar syndrome - imeko engavumelekanga yezofuzo ezinokubangela iingxaki zokuphila ngonaphakade ngenxa ye-jaundice ngenxa yokuntula okupheleleyo okanye okukodwa kwe-enzyme ephula i-bilirubin kwisibindi
- isifo se-hemolytic - iimeko ezikhokelela kwieseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukukhulula i-bilirubin eyongezelelweyo, njengoluhlobo lwegazi olungenakulinganiswa, i-spherocytosis yefa, kunye nokuntuleka kwe-G6PD, njl.
Kwaye ke, abantwana asebekhulile nabantwana banokufumana i-jaundice kwezinye izizathu, kubandakanya i-hepatitis, ukuphendula kwezidakamizwa kunye ne-mono.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Policy Statement. Ulawulo lwe-Hyperbilirubinemia kwiintsana ezingamaNtsana ezingama-35 okanye ezininzi iiVeki zeGestation. Zonyango 2004; 114: 1 297-316.
EBurke, eBryan L. Iintlobo zee-Hospitalizations ze-Jaonce ne-Kernicterus e-United States, ngo-1988-2005. Izifo zaseFebruwari 2009; 123: 2 524-532.
U-Newman, uVavanyo lweThomas B. kunye noNyango lwe-Jaundice kwiNtsana eyayiza kutsalwa: I-Kinder, Indlela yeGentler. Iintsholongwane 1992; 89: 5 809-818.
Maisels, et al. I-Hyperbilirubinemia kwiintsana ezisandul I-PEDIATRICS Umqulu 124, Inani le-4, Oktobha 2009