Indlela ova ngayo iintsuku zokuqala zeintsana zakho kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Oyintloko phakathi kwezi zinto ukuba unayo umntwana ozele ixesha elipheleleyo ngaphandle kweengxaki zonyango onokuhlala kunye nawe okanye uhlale kwindawo yokubeletha abantwana kunye nokuba unayo i-vaginal delivery or c-section . Gcina ukhumbule ukuba iintsana ezizalwe kusenesikhathi okanye ngeengxaki zonyango kufuneka zihambe ngqo kwiNyunithi yokuNakekelwa kweNonatal Intensive instead.
Enye into ebalulekileyo enokuchaphazela amava akho kunye nosana lwakho olutsha kukuba ingaba lo ngumntwana wakho wokuqala.
Ngomntwana wakho wokuqala, yonke into eyenzekayo ekuqaleni kokukhala kwakhe kwenguqu yokuqala ye-diaper ingaba yintsha, ingalindelekanga, inomdla kwaye ngezinye iindawo ezinzima.
Kutheni i-diaper iguquka kakhulu, umzekelo? Ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abazali abatsha abangakulungeleli izitulo ezinkulu, ezimnyama, zokulinda i- tarry meconium ezinokuzalwa iintsana zabo iintsuku zokuqala.
Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi
- Cwangcisa ukuba uncelise umntwana wakho ngelixa elilodwa lokuzalwa kwakhe kwaye emva kwezi-8 ukuya kwezi-12 ngeentsuku.
- Ungamangaliswa ukuba umntwana wakho ulahlekelwe isisindo ngaphambi kokuba ashiye esibhedlele. Kuqhelekile ukuba iintsana zilahlekelwe ngu-5% ukuya kwi-8% yesisindo sokuzalwa ngexesha leveki yokuqala.
- Umntwana wakho uya kuba novavanyo lokuvavanya, uvavanyo olutsha olusandul 'ukuzalwa, kwaye uya kuhlolwe i-jaundice ngaphambi kokuba aye ekhaya.
- Ukukhutshwa kwangaphambili (kwiiyure ezingaphantsi kwama-48) kugcinwe kwiintsana ezisexesha elipheleleyo, ukutya kakuhle, kwaye akukho zonyango okanye iingozi (umntwana omkhulu, umntwana omncinci, umkhuhlane, njl njl.).
- Khumbula ukuba uphawu lweApgar, apho umntwana wakho angabelwa khona xa ezalwa, akuyilungelelaniso elifanelekileyo lempilo yexesha elide lomntwana. Ngokutsho kweNelson Textbook of Pediatrics, "I-Apgar score ayilungiselelwe ukuchaza isiphumo se-neurologic. Eneneni, amanqaku aqhelekileyo kwizigulane ezininzi eziye zakhubazekayo."
Ukondla umntwana wakho osana kuzalwa
Ukuncelisa Umntwana Wakho
Uninzi lwabazali bayazi ukuba ukuncelisa iincinci zokuncelisa umntwana kunye nonina. Ngoko fumana uncedo lokuncelisa ukususela kumcebisi we-lactation, umongikazi, okanye ugqirha, ngelixa usesikhungweni ukuze ufike kwisiqalo esihle.
Ezinye iingcebiso zokuncedisa ukuba uncelise unokubandakanya:
- Ukucwangcisa ukuncelisa umntwana wakho osana olusandul 'ukuzalwa 8 ukuya kwezihlandlo ezili-12 ngosuku ngeliveki zokuqala ezimbalwa. Khumbula ukuba xa unamncelisa umntwana wakho, ngokukhawuleza ubisi lwakho lwebele luza kungena.
- Ukubeka iinjongo zokuncelisa. Ukuba nenjongo yokuba ufuna ukubelesa ixesha elingakanani unokukunceda ukuba uqiniseke ukuba awuyi kuyeka ekuqaleni xa uqala ukuba neengxaki, njengoko ufumana uncedo kunye neengcebiso zokuqhubeka ude udibane nomgomo wakho.
- Ukufumana uncedo xa uqala ukuba neengxaki, kubandakanywa i-latch ehlwempuzekileyo, i-engorgement, iimbopi ezibuhlungu, okanye ukuphucula ubisi lwakho lobisi. Olu luncedo lunokuvela kwamanye amama ababelethe abantwana babo, ootitshala besidanga abancedisayo bokuncelisa, kunye / okanye umcebisi we-lactation.
- Ukuphepha ukunyusa iifomula ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wezingane zicinga ukuba ziyimfuneko yempilo.
- Ukuphepha iibhotile okanye i-pacifier ide umntwana wakho encelisayo.
Baby Formula
Ukuba ungelibele, umntwana wakho mhlawumbi uya kusela ubisi olusisiseko, olusetyenjini olusisitye. Mhlawumbi uya kusela kuphela i-ounces enye ukuya kweyure, nganye iiyure ezimbini ukuya kweyantathu, ngeentsuku zokuqala. Le mali iya kwanda kancane ukuya kwii-ounces ezimbini ukuya ekupheleni kweveki yokuqala.
Kwimfuneko okanye kwiShedyuli
Ngokukodwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala, ngokuqhelekileyo kukunceda ukondle umntwana wakho ngokufuna yonke i-1/2 ukuya kwi-3 iiyure kwaye kungekho kwishedyuli eqinile.
Ubungqina boBantwana kunye noKhuseleko
Eyona nto, ikhaya lakho liya kulungela umntwana ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho azalwe. Enyanisweni, ngumgaqo-nkqubo kwizibhedlele ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba unesihlalo somoto esifanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uvunyelwe ukuzisa umntwana wakho ekhaya. Ukongeza kwisitulo semoto (isantya esibhekene nesantya okanye i-convertible car seat in the backseat), unobungqina bentsapho yakho kwaye ulenze lukhusele umntwana wakho osandul 'utsha ngoku:
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhumba sakhe sikhuselekile: Ungabi ngaphezu kwama-2 3/8 intshi ephakathi kwemivalo. I-mattress kufuneka iqine kwaye ifanele ifumaneke ngaphakathi kwesikhala. Yigcine kude kwiifestile kunye nemifanekiso. Gwema ukubeka iingubo eziphazamisayo, izilwanyana ezigxiliweyo, okanye imithwalo ekhutsheni njengoko kunokubangela ukugubha. Kufuneka uphinde ususe imipu ye-bumper. Enyanisweni, ezinye iingcali zincoma ukuba ungasebenzisi i-bumper pads zonke, njengoko zininzi zokuzihombisa kwaye zinokunyusa ingozi yomntwana we- SIDS .
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye ezisezantsi, ezifana nezihlalo zeemoto, abahambahambayo, kunye ne-cribs, njl, azikhunjulwa ngezizathu zokuphepha. Biza umenzi okanye iKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi ukuhlawula uluhlu lwemveliso ekhunjulwayo.
- Ukubeka iqondo lokushisa lakho lokufudumala kwamanzi ukuya kutsho kwi-120 F ukukhusela ukutshisa.
- Ukufaka umsi womsila kunye ne-carbon monoxide kunye nokusebenzisa izambatho zokulala zomlilo.
- Ukwenza umzi wakho ungabhemisi ukuze umntwana wakho angabonakali umsi wesibini. Ukutshaya ngaphandle ngaphandle okwaneleyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wengane yakho ye-SIDS, izifo zendlebe, i-asthma kunye nezinye iimeko.
- Ukuphonononga umngcipheko wekhaya wakho wokubangela ukutyhefuza, ikakhulukazi xa kwakhiwe ngaphambi kowe-1950 okanye ngaphambi kowe-1978 kwaye uceba ukuba uhlaziywe.
Kuphi Umntwana Wakho Omele Alele?
Abazali abatsha bavame ukuxelelwa ukuba bafake iintsana zabo ezisandula ukulala apho zilele khona.
Njalo akunjalo isiluleko esihle nangona kunjalo, njengoko abanye abazali abatsha bahamba ukuza bavumela abantwana babo ukuba balele ebusweni okanye kwisihlalo semoto.
Ngelixa umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa akayi kubakho imiphumo emibi kule minyaka, njengokuthi ulele kwisihlalo semoto, akuyona indawo ekhuselekileyo yokulala kuyo.
Olunye uphando kwiimeko ze-SIDS lifumene ukuba ipesenti encinane yeentsana ezifayo zahlala ezihlalweni zezimoto. Oko akuthethi ukuba akufanele ubeke umntwana wakho kwisihlalo semoto xa uqhuba ngemoto. Nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi kufuneka ufumane indawo efanelekileyo yokuba umntwana wakho alale.
Ngokutsho kwe-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, ecebisa malunga nokulala , umntwana wakho kufuneka alale:
- kwi-bassinet, umkhwa, okanye isikhalazo esiseduze nebhedi lomama wakhe, kodwa kungekho embhedeni wakhe.
- emva kwakhe, kungekho ecaleni lakhe okanye ngesisu.
- kwindawo ebuthongayo yokulala, njengobumba besikhatile esiqinileyo, esiye sasihlanganiswa nephepha elifanelekileyo.
- ngaphandle kwezinto ezithambileyo (imilenze kunye neetyshi) okanye iibhedi ezivulekileyo (iingubo kunye namashidi) kwi-bassinet yakhe, umzala okanye isikhalazo.
Ukufumana umntwana wakho alele
Ukuba unenkinga yokuba umntwana wakho alale kwisikhumba, cinga ukusebenzisa i-bassinet okanye indawo yokulala. Isibhedlele esipheleleyo ngamanye amaxesha sikhulu kakhulu kwintsana.
I-Swaddling isoloko isinceda iintsana zilale, zilale, kwaye zithuthuzele ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi xa zisanda kuzalwa.
Abazali abalahlwayo
Ukukunceda ukuba wonke umntu abe nokulala ngokwaneleyo, abazali mabazame ukutshintshela ukunakekela umntwana wabo ebusuku, bathabathe ngelixesha xa umntwana wabo elele, kwaye ufumane uncedo kwiintsapho kunye nabahlobo xa kunokwenzeka.
Utata unokunceda umama oncelisayo ukuba aphumule ngakumbi ngobusuku ngokutshintsha i-diaper yomntwana, amlethe umama ekutyeni, aze ambuyisele ekulala.
Iveki yokuqala yoPhuhliso
Iimpawu eziphambili kwiveki yokuqala yobomi? Uninzi lwabazali abalindelanga ukuba umntwana oza kuzalwa uza kukwazi ukwenza okungakumbi ngaphandle kokutya, ukulala nokukhala. Ngexesha eliya kuba lixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ubukele amanyathelo okuqala omntwana kwaye uva amazwi akhe okuqala, kukho ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhliswa ukuba zikhangele, nangona kule minyaka. Kwiveki yokuqala yintsana, unokulindela ukuba:
- Ukumomotheka ngokuzenzekelayo okanye okukufutshane, okuza kwenzeka emva kokuba iintsuku zokuqala zeentsana zobomi bakho kwaye zifanele zibe khona ngexesha elinesonto eli-10. Oku kwahlukileyo kunommotheka wezenzo owenzekayo ekuphenduleni into ethile, njengokuba uthetha okanye ucula umntwana wakho. Iintsana zihlakulela ukuncwina kwentlalo emva kancinci xa zineenyanga ezimbini.
- Unokuhamba ngokulinganayo kwezandla kunye nemilenze emacaleni omabili omzimba wakhe. Ngokomzekelo, akufanele atshintshe ingalo enye okanye umlenze owodwa kakhulu kunomnye, onokuba ngumqondiso wokulimala okanye ubuthathaka.
- Phakamisa intloko yakhe ngethuba xa esesiswini sakhe, nangona ukhumbule ukuba iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa zilawulwa kakubi kwintloko kwaye zifuna iintloko zazo zixhaswe ngamaxesha onke.
- Gxininisa ngokufutshane kwizinto ezikufuphi ebusweni bakhe kwaye ufike kwi-intshi ezi-12 ukuya kwi-15 intshi, ezikude nomntwana osondezayo ebheka ubuso bomama. Angabona kwakhona iipatheni ezilula, eziphezulu kunye nombono wakhe uya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo.
Umntwana wakho unokukwazi ukuphendula ngokumemeza okukhulu kwaye ujonge kwaye ulandele izinto kwi-middleline yobuso bakhe.
Iveki yokuqala Iingcebiso Zokunakekela
Umbilical Cord Care
Nangona abazali bebedla ukuxelelwa ukuba bahlale bebeka utywala emntwaneni wabo kuze kube yilapho bewa, banokuthi baxelelwe ukuba bangabi naluphi utywala kuwo. Kuqhelekile ukuba ucele nje oonyana bakho ukuba azincome ntoni malunga nokunyamekela intambo .
Iibhondi zeSipon
Ukuze ugweme ukufumana intambo yakhe emanzi, imnandi kakhulu ukuba unike umntwana wakho umbhede wokutshiza kuze kube yintambo yakhe.
Iitshintshi zokuguqula
Ngethuba leentsuku ezisihlanu ukuya kwi sixhenxe ubudala, umntwana wakho uya kudingeka ukuba utshintsho oluninzi kwaye kufuneka abe neesithandathu ezinamanzi ezininzi kunye neesine ezine ezinezitshizi eziluhlaza eziluhlaza ngosuku ngalunye.
Ngeliveki, izitishi zakho ziza kutshintsha ukusuka kwi-meconium enkulu, emnyama, i-tarry yeentsuku zokuqala, ukuya kwiindawo zesiguqu eziluhlaza / ezitshintshi, ukuya kwintsholongwane egciniweyo yentsholongwane yomntwana omdala.
Ukwahlula
Ukunciphisa iminwe yengane yakho xa kubonakala ixesha elide kubalulekile ukwenzela ukuba umntwana wakho angayiboni ubuso bakhe, okanye ngokugqithiseleyo, iliso lakhe. Ungasebenzisa isilumkiso semfesane okanye ifayile yeedilesi ukuze unciphise izipikili zentsana yakho. Fumana uncedo okanye uyenze xa elele okanye edla xa elwa nabo.
Burping
Kufuneka uqhekeza umntwana wakho emva kokusondeza ukukhusela i-gas kunye nobunzima. Ezinye iintsana zenza ngcono, ngakumbi xa zixhaphaza kakhulu xa uzibetha emva kokusela yonke i-ounce okanye kunjalo kunokuba ulinde ukuphela kokutya.
Ukuba unenkathazo yokufumana umntwana wakho aphephe, qwalasela ukuhluka kwimeko ophethe ngayo umntwana wakho. Ngokomzekelo, okokuqala, zama ukugubha ngelixa elele ehlombe lakho. Emva koko, ukuba ungayifumani i-burp, hlala naye kwindawo egciniweyo kwaye uyiqhumise ngelixa ehleli.
Iveki yokuqala yeQ & A
Imibuzo emitsha yokuzalwa yomntwana ibandakanya:
Ngaba sinokuhamba nomntwana wethu osana? Ngaba kuphephile ukuvumela ukuba aqhube kwi-plane?
Uya kufuneka ukhangele nge-airline ethile oyisebenzisayo. I-American Airlines, umzekelo, abavumeli abantwana abancinci ukuba babaleke, kuquka "iintsana ezisandul 'intsha (zingaphantsi kweentsuku ezisixhenxe zokuhanjiswa) ngaphandle kokuba umzali okanye umgcini onesiqinisekiso sonyango esibonisa ukuba uhambo lugunyaziwe."
Nangona i-airline yathi ityilungile, oko akuthethi ukuba yinto efanelekileyo, nangona kunjalo. Ukongeza kokuxinzeleleka, ukuhamba ngeesikhumulo sezindiza, kwindiza, kwaye emva koko ukutyelela intsapho kungabonakalisa umntwana wakho kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane, ngelixa engenawo umzimba omzimba onamandla kwaye akazange abe namashishini amaninzi. Ngaphandle kokuba uhambo lubalulekile ngathi ukuba usandula umntwana kwaye ufuna ukubuyela ekhaya, kungcono ukuba ulinde de kube umntwana wakho ekhulile, kunye nesistim se-immune ekhulile kunye neshedyuli eqikelelweyo, xa iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwethathu ubudala.
Unokusebenzisa amanzi atshisayo okanye ashushu kumpompo ukuze wenze ifom yakho yomntwana?
Ngokutsho kwe-Arhente ye-Environmental Protection Agency, kufuneka, "Ungalokothi upheke okanye udibanise ifomula yobushushu usebenzisa amanzi ashushu kumpompo." Amakhaya amaninzi aneeplumbing kunye ne-lead solder kunye namanzi ashushu anokugxininisa ukukhokela. Ukuqhutyelwa kwamanzi imizuzwana engama-15 ukuya kwe-30 kwaye usebenzisa kuphela amanzi abandayo kunokunciphisa ukutyhila komntwana wakho ukukhokela kumanzi okupompo.
Ngaba kufuneka ubilise amanzi xa usenza i-formula formula?
Ngelixa amaninzi amanqaku omntwana wefomula awakhuthaza ukubilisa njengengxenye yemiyalelo yabo, ngoku bahlala becetyisa ukucela ugqirha wengane yakho okanye isebe lempilo yendawo.
Iveki enye yeeNtsholongwane zonyango
Ekubeni uninzi lwezinto umntwana wakho azakwenzayo ezitsha kuwe, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuxelela into eqhelekileyo kwaye yintoni uphawu lokugula.
Umntwana oqhelekileyo "iingxaki"
Ngethamsanqa, ezininzi "iingxaki" abazali abaqaphelayo ziqhelekile. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukuphefumula ngexesha elifutshane - ixesha elifutshane elifutshane kunye nokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza
- iintsana ezincinane - kuquka i-milia (iincinci ezimhlophe ezimhlophe) kunye ne-erythema toxicum (iibomvu ezinkulu ezibomvu)
- isikhumba esilumkileyo, esilumkileyo-ngokuqhelekileyo "ngokuqhelekileyo isikhumba somntwana"
- i-hiccups kunye negesi
- i-acrocyanosis - imeko apho umntwana enesandla esibomvu kunye neenyawo, ngelixa umzimba wakhe wonke usebomvu. Yimpawu yenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi kunye ne-oxygen ephantsi.
Jaundice
Ukufikelela kwisiqingatha seentsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa zivelisa i-jaundice, i-yellowing yesikhumba, kwiintsuku zabo zokuqala ezimbalwa. Ngethamsanqa, i-jaundice isoloko ihamba yodwa ngaphandle kwonyango. I-jaundice iya kufinyelela kwinqanaba eliphakamileyo ngeentsuku ezine ukuya ezintlanu kwaye inokufuna unyango nge-phototherapy xa liphezulu kakhulu. Oko kubangela kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho wezilwanyana ukuba alandele amazinga omntwana we-jaundice ukuze afikelele kwizinga eliphezulu kule veki yokuqala.
Izifo
Izifo aziqhelekanga kwiveki yokuqala yentsana, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye neempawu zentsholongwane, kuquka:
- umkhuhlane (i-temp okanye ngaphezulu kwe-100.4 F)
- bushushu obuphantsi
- ukuphefumula ukuphefumula
- zokutya ezingekhoyo
- ukulala kakhulu
- ukucaphuka
- ukuhlanza
Ukulahlekelwa Ubukhulu obukhulu
Nangona umntwana osemyingeni ulahlekelwa ngu-5% ukuya kwi-10% yesisindo sokuzalwa ngexesha leveki yokuqala, ukulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-10% kungabonakalisa ukuba umntwana wakho akafumani ngokwaneleyo ukutya.
Reflux
Ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukuhlaziya iqhelekile, kuthintela kwisiqingatha sazo zonke iintsana. Ngokuqhelekileyo akuyiyo ingxaki ngaphandle kokuba umntwana wakho enenkathazo yokufumana ubunzima, ukhahla, okanye uhlala ekhupha.
Ukutyelela kuqala kwiNzululwazi
Oku kuya kukwenzakalisa abazali abaninzi, kodwa ukutyelela okokuqala kwinqanaba lonyango lakho lingaba luleke kakhulu.
Ngokukodwa xa umntwana wakho ekhutshwe kwi-nursery zakuqala, ukutyelela okokuqala kwinqanaba lakhe lezilwanyana kunokunceda:
- Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana usondla kakuhle, ingakumbi ukuba uncelisayo
- ayilahlekelwa bunzima obukhulu
- iliso lwakho lwentsana ngenxa ye-jaundice
- ukuxilongwa kwezifo zonyango, ingakumbi isifo senhliziyo esiswini (intliziyo eguncuzelayo, umbala wesikhumba obomvu, ukuphefumula ubunzima, njl.
Ukutyelela koBantwana kuqala
Umntwana wakho kufuneka ambone nini kuqala umntwana wakhe?
Nangona kuxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba umntwana wakho wayesebenzela i-jaundiced xa ebuyela ekhaya, ukuba wayenomdla kangakanani, kwaye ukuba unayo nayiphi na ingxaki yonyango, i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics (AAP) icebisa ukuba "kubalulekile ukuba umntwana wakho abe ibonwa ngumongikazi okanye ugqirha xa umntwana ephakathi kweminyaka emi-3 neye-5 ubudala. "
Ukutshekisha kwangaphambili kwintsana yakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana wakho wayenokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kwindlu yokulala kwaye waya ekhaya ngaphambi kokuba abe ngamahora angama-48 ubudala. Ngokutsho kwe-AAP, le ntsana kufuneka ihlolwe ngumqeqeshi wezezempilo kwiiyure ezingama-48 zokuya ekhaya.
Kwaye ke, ukuba umntwana wakho akasondli kakuhle, unesifo somkhuhlane, unesifo se-jaundiced, okanye ubonisa ezinye iimpawu zokugula, ngoko unokufuna ukuba ubone udokotela wezilwanyana ngokukhawuleza.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy yePediatrics. Umbuzo kunye nezimpendulo: iJajice kunye neNtsana yakho
> CDC. IKhadi leNgcaciso yokuThambisa, i-United States-2007: Iziphumo zoMphumo.
> Isibhedlele Hlalani seNtsholongwane enempilo. PEDIATRICS Vol. 113 Ngo-Meyi 2004, iphe. 1434-1436
> I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo yase-US Iimiphumo zeMpilo zoMboniso kwiSumke yomnye.