Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa i-Immature, Developing Lungs
Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo zempilo kwiintsana ezingekafiki . Ngethamsanqa, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha kuye kwavumela ezininzi iintsana zokuqala ukufikelela kwimpilo epheleleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokuxhasa ukuphefumla kwiiyunithi zokunakekelwa kwamazinyo ezikhulu (NICUs) .
Iingxaki Zobunzima bokuphefumula Kwiintsana Zokuqala
Ubunzima bokuphefumula bukhula kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokuba imiphunga yabo ayinayo ithuba lokufikelela ngokugcwele kwisibeleko.
Ngenxa yoko, banokufumana nayiphi na inamba yezixazululo ezibangelwa inkqubo yokuphefumula.
Phakathi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo:
- Isifo se-respiratory distress (RDS) yintlupheko ebangelwa ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano kumaphaphu. Ezi zizinto ezivumela izihlunu zomphunga ukuba zandise kwaye zenze isivumelwano. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukuphefumula kuya kuba nzima.
- I-brronchopulmonary dysplasia, isifo esingapheliyo sesifo samaphaphu, siyabonakala kwiintshaba ezithatha ubunzima obungaphantsi kwama-2.2 e-kilogram. Inokubangela ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-oksijeni nokuphefumula.
- I-Apnea yimeko ebonakaliswa ngamaxesha aphefumulayo ekuphefumla okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwezinga lentliziyo (bradycardia). I-apnea ivame ukubangelwa ukungahlanjululwa kwinxalenye yengqondo elawula ukuphefumula okungenakuzikhethela.
Ejongene nalezo zifo zokuphefumula eziqhelekileyo, i-NICU iqeqeshiwe kwaye ixhotywe ukubonelela ngoncedo lweentsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba zikwazi ukuphefumlela ngokwabo.
Iintlobo Zenkxaso Yokuphefumula Ngamayeza Okuqala
Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkxaso yokuphefumula ziyafumaneka kwi-NICU, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuncedisa umntwana. Phakathi kwabo:
- I-canal ye-Nasal ingenye yeendlela ezincinci zokuxhaphaza. I-cannula yamanzi ingumxube omncinci weplastiki ohambisa i-oksijini ngqo emakhaleni. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo luboniswa kwiintsana ezikwazi ukuphefumlela ngokwabo kodwa zidinga ukukhutshwa komoya okongeziweyo ukuba zigcine imiphunga ivule okanye igcine inqanaba elifanayo le-oksijini egazini.
- Uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwe-airway (CPAP) luhlobo lwenkozo yokuphefumula ephazamisa ukuhamba komoya kwimiphunga yengane ngokusebenzisa imaski okanye i-canal. Injongo ephambili yonyango lwe-CPAP kukugcina iimpompo zangaphambi kwexesha. Nangona uxinzelelo lomoya luphakamileyo kune-canal ye-nasal, iPPAP isetyenziselwa kuphela iintsana ezikwazi ukuphefumula ngokwabo
- Ukuphuphuma umoya ngokusetyenziswa kwintsana ezisenasantya ezingenamandla ukuphefumula ngokwabo. I-ventilator inikeza umxube we-oksijini kunye nomoya oqhutyelwa ngetyhubhu ibe ngumpompoza aze aphephe, aphinde achaze indlela yokuphefumula. Ngezona zininzi zomoya, iintsana zisenokuphefumula ngokwabo.
Ukukhusela i-RDS , oogqirha baya kunika i-steroid efana ne-betamethasone kubasetyhini abasemsebenzini. Amachiza, ukuba anikezelwe ngaphambi kokunikezelwa, unokukhawuleza ukuveliswa kwemveliso yokusebenza kunye nokuncedisa ukukhula kwemiphunga yengane. Umntu osebenza ngokugqithisileyo unokunikwa kwakhona umntwana emva kokuzalwa.
Nangona iintsana ezingenakusasaza ezingenayo i-surfactant ziza kufuna i-ventilator, ukusetyenziswa kwe-surfactant kunciphise kakhulu ixesha elifunekayo lokuxhasa ukuphefumula.
> Umthombo
- > Garg, S .; ISinha, S. "Ukungena kwamandla angenawo umonakalo kwiintsana ezandulelayo: Ngokusekelwe kubuBungqina okanye kwiNdlela." Umbhalo we-Clinical Neonatology. 2013; 2 (4): 155-159.