Iintsana ezisemandulo zizazisana ezizalwe ngaphambi kweveki yama-37 yokukhulelwa komfazi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uke wachitha ixesha ngaphakathi kwe-NICU, uyazi ukuba iintshaba ezizalwe kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhulelwa zihluke kakhulu.
Zonke iintsana ezindala zingaphantsi, zifuna ukunakekelwa ngononophelo olunzima, kwaye zinokujamelana neengxaki ezinzulu kwiNICU nasekhaya. Iintsana ezizalwe kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezi-4 zakuqala, nangona kunjalo, ziya kubhekana neengxaki ezihlukileyo ezivela kwintsana ezelwe kwiinyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zakuqala.
Masiqwalasele ngakumbi ukuba iintsana zangaphambi kweeveki ziyahluka njani ngeveki.
23-24 Iveki
Ingaphezu kwesiqingatha seentsana ezibelethwe kwangaphambi kweeyure ezingama-23 ukuya kwe- 24 zokukhulelwa ziza kusinda kwaye ziphile ukuze zibone ubomi ngaphandle kwe-NICU. Iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-23 zingasinda - eyona nto imfutshane kakhulu eyayihlala kuyo yayingu- Amillia Taylor , ozalwe kwiiveki ezingama-21 kunye neentsuku ezingama-6. Kodwa, iiveki ezingama-23 ukuya kwii-24 zidlalwa njengexesha lokuphila kweentsana zangaphambi kwexesha.
Iintsana ezinokuqala ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-23 ukuya kwezingama- 24 zibizwa ngokuba yi- micro precept . Banobunzima ngaphezu kwepondo kwaye balinganise malunga nee-intshi ezili-8 ubude ukusuka entloko yabo ukuya kwiindawo zabo. Iintsana ezizalwe ngeli xesha ziza kugutywa ngeenwele ezintle ezibizwa ngokuba yigogo, ukuze zigcine zifudumele, njengoko zingakhange zibe namafutha omdaka. Ikhumba labo lincinci kwaye lincinci. Nangona amehlo abo aya kufakwa, bazakwenza i-eyelashes kunye nekhangeli. Baya kuba neminwe eminci!
Oko kushiwo, ezininzi iinkqubo zomzimba zingaphuhliswa kwiiveki ezingama-23 ukuya kuma-24. Ii-airways ezantsi ziqala ukuhlakulela, ngoko ke ii-week-weekers ezingama-23 kunye neeveki ezingama-24 ziza kufuna inkxaso yokuphefumula ixesha elide.
Unokumangaliswa xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana okwangoku ubudala unesistim sokuva ngokupheleleyo, ngoko unokuva ilizwi lakho, nangona izandi ezivakalayo zinokuba zixakeke ngakumbi kwaye zixakeke kwinkqubo yabo ye-nervous development.
25-26 Iiveki
Kwiiveki ezingama-25 ukuya kuma-26, iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha zilinganisa i-1 1/2 ukuya kweyimilo engama-2 kwaye ziba malunga nee-intshi ezili-9 ubude xa zilinganiswa ukusuka entloko ukuya ezantsi. Iintsana ezizalwe ngeli xesha zibizwa ngokuba yizithaya ezincinci, kwaye zijongana neNICU ihlala ixesha elide kwaye zinemiba emininzi yempilo ehlobene nokuqala kwangaphambili .
Ngamaviki angama-26, ukubeleka kweengane zengaphantsi kwexesha ziqala ukuhlakulela i-alveoli, iibhasi zomoya ezivumela ukutshintshwa kwe-gas. Nangona basencinane kakhulu ukuba baphefumle ngaphandle koncedo, oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye izinto eziphambili zentuthuko ze-25 kunye nee-week-weekers ezingama-26 ziquka ukuphuhliswa kwe-reflex-reflex-umntwana ozalwe ngeli xesha uya kukhwaza ngeezwi ezivakalayo, kwaye oku kuphendulwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yabo yeentlanzi. Iinyawo kunye neminwe yeminwe ziyakhula.
27-28 Iiveki
Kwiiveki ezingama-27, iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha asisayi kuqwalaselwa njengezilwanyana ezincinci. Ngoku ngoku kuthiwa " iintsana ezindala kakhulu ," ezi ziintsana zinamazinga angaphezulu kwama-95 ekhulwini lokuzalwa kunye nokukhutshwa kweNICU. Nangona kunjalo, iiveki ezingama-27 kunye nee-28 zisesonto zifuna uncedo oluninzi lwezonyango kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zihlale kwi-NICU ixesha elide.
Kwiiveki ezingama-28, iintsana ezisezindala zingama-2 1/2 pounds kwaye zi malunga nee-intshi ezili-16 ubude ukusuka entloko ukuya enzwaneni. Ukuphuculwa kwamehlo okukhawuleza kwenzekayo, kunye neentsana ezingaphambi kokuzalwa emva kweiveki ezingama-27 zingabonakalisa kwaye azikaze zifake iipilisi. Ama-retinas abo asakhulayo (okwenza ukuba basengcupheni yokufumana i-retinopathy ye-prematurity, okanye i-ROP), kodwa amehlo abo angenza imifanekiso.
Kwiiveki ezingama-27 neye-28, iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha ziqala ukuhlakulela ezinye iinkqubo zokulala / zokuhamba. Baqala ukuba nexesha lokulala kwe-REM, kwaye abazali bebukele abantwana babo belele bazibuza ukuba bafuna ntoni.
29-30 Iiveki
Kwiiveki ezingama-29 ukuya kuma-30, umntwana okhulayo uye wakhula kakhulu. Iintsana ezinokuqala ezizalwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-29 neye-30 ziza kufuna ukuba i- NICU ihlale ixesha elide , kodwa izitho zabo ezibalulekileyo ziphucuke kakhulu kunezo zintsana ezelwe ngaphambili.
Ngamaveki angama-29 ukuya kuma-30, iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha zilinganisa malunga neekhilogram ezili-3 kwaye ziba ngu-intshi ezili-17 ubude. Nangona basencinane kakhulu, iiveki ezingama-29 kunye nama-week-week 30 anamafutha amaninzi agcinwe phantsi kwesikhumba , ngoko akhangeleka njengabantwana "bokwenene". Baqala ukuphalaza i-anugo, iinwele ezintle ezibandakanya umzimba we-preemie. Kwakhona, amehlo abo angakwazi ukuhlaziya ngoku, kodwa izibane ezikhanyayo kunye neengxolo ezivakalayo zihlala zingakhululekile.
Ukongezelela konke oku kungaphandle kokukhula, ingqondo ihamba ngexesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ubunzima beentsana ezingama-29 neye-30 zeveki ziqala ukujonga i-grooved and wrinkled, kwaye zikhulile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ziqale ukulawula ukushisa komzimba.
Kule minyaka, umntwana oswelekile uziva ekhuselekile kwaye enobuhle ngokukhwabanisa kunye nokuhlalisa. Kwakhona, ngeli xesha, isisu kunye namathumbu abo zikhula kwaye zilungele ukuhlwaya ubisi. Ayekakulungeli ukutya kwimbilini kodwa angakwazi ukuqala ukusondla kwi-pacifier ukuze ancede ukuphuhlisa izidumbu zazo. Ukongeza ekusebenziseni i-pacifier, ukunakekelwa kwe-kangaroo ngexesha lokutya kukunceda umntwana wakho aphumelele, kwaye akuncedise wena kunye nosana lwakho.
31-32 Iiveki
Kwiiveki ezingama-31 ukuya kwe-32, iintsana ezingekafiki zilinganise phakathi kwe-3 / 1/2 kunye nee-4 kwaye ziphakathi kwe-intshi ezingama-18 no-19. Kuphantse kufana nje nosana oluzelwe ngexesha. Iintsana ezinokuqala ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-31 neye-32 zibizwa ngokuba ziintsana zokuqala zintsana . Nangona besahlala bekhulelwe ekuzalweni kwaye baya kufuna iintsuku eziliqela zokunakekelwa kwe-NICU, abaninzi abanama-31 kunye nama-32 amavikiveki bafumana ngokukhawuleza kwiintanga zabo kwaye banemivuzo embalwa yesikhathi eside yokungcoliswa kwangaphambili.
Phakathi kweiveki ezingama-31 no-32, iintsana zifumana amaninzi amaninzi omzimba. Iintsana ezandulelayo ezizalwe kule minyaka ziqala ukubheka i-plump kwaye ziyakwazi ukugcina ukushisa komzimba ongekho ngoncedo lwe-incubator.
Basebenzisa zonke iinjongo ezi-5 ukuze bafunde malunga neendawo zabo kodwa basenokungabonakali ngokugqithiseleyo ngezibane ezikhanyayo kunye nomsindo omkhulu. Ukuchithwa kwemimandla yendalo kungabonakaliswa ngokuqhaqhazela, ukunyakaza, okanye ukukhala. Oko kuthetha, kule minyaka, umntwana wakho uya kuvuya xa ebona ubuso bakho buso.
Ngokuqhelekileyo abazali bafuna ukwazi xa abantwana babo bebuya ekhaya bevela kwiNICU . Nangona ngeli xesha, umntwana wakho ukhangeleka njengenguqu yenkwenkwezi yentsana epheleleyo, umntwana wakho usadinga ukunakekelwa okhethekileyo, ngokukodwa njengoko impilo yabo yokuzivikela iqhubeka ikhula, kwaye ikhula ukuba isondle. Nangona umntwana wakho uya kuvuka, ubuthongo babo buya kukhuselwa, ngoko baqhubeke bekhula bekhula.
Ukongezelela, ngaphambi kokukhutshwa, kukho iimbali ezininzi zokuba iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha kufuneka zifikelele : zifuna ukukwazi ukutya, ukuphefumla, nokuhlala zifudumele ngaphandle kwancediso lwabasebenzi be-NICU okanye izixhobo. Iintshaba ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-31 neye-32 zinokukwazi ukwenza enye okanye ezimbini kwezi zinto ekuzalweni, kodwa kuya kuthatha ixesha lokufikelela kuzo zonke iimbali ezintathu.
33-34 Iiveki
Iintsana eziza kusengaphambili zizalwa phakathi kwee-33 ukuya kwii-34 iiveki zibizwa ngokuba ziintsana zokuqala zintsana . Ukulinganisa phakathi kwamakhilogremu amane no-5 ngokuzalwa kunye nokulinganisa ama-intshi ama-20 ubude, ezi ziintsana ziya kufutshane kakhulu nobukhulu bomntwana ozalelwe ngexesha. Nangona baqala ukukhudlwana, i-33 ne-34 yamaviki e-week-end ayasanda kuvuka kwaye kufuneka ukuba bahlale kwi-NICU iiveki ezimbalwa.
Iintsana ezinokuqala zisondele ngokugqibeleleyo ngeeveki ezingama-33 neye-34. Amathambo abo akhiwe ngokuzeleyo, iminwe yabo ifike emaphethelweni eminwe yabo, kwaye kumakhwenkwe, amathande ahla e-scrotum. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuphefumula ayigqiba ukuphuhlisa de iiveki zokugqibela zokukhulelwa, kunye neengqungquthela ziqala ukugqithisa ukusuka kumama ukuya kwintsana-ngoko impilo yabo yokuzikhusela i-immune iyancipha.
Kwiiveki ezingama-33 neye-34, ezininzi iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha ziya kuba ne-NICU emfutshane zihlala kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa kuphela. Basenokufuna uncedo lokuphefumula ixesha elifutshane, kodwa ukufunda ukufunda kunokuthatha ixesha elide. I-suck-swallow-breathing reflex ayilungelelaniswa kakuhle, kwaye ezi ntwana zingenako ukomelela ngokwaneleyo ukuba zithathe ukutya okunokwaneleyo ukuze zikhule kwaye zithande ubunzima.
Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukubukela iimpawu zokugqithiseleka kokusingqongileyo njengokwenyuka, ukukrazula, ukukhala okanye ukucima. Ukukhusela ixesha lakho lokulala kubaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha.
35-36 Iiveki
Iintsana ezinokuqala ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-36 zibizwa ngokuba yi- premter infant . Ezi zintsana zinama-intshi angama-20 ubude kwaye zihlala zilinganisela phakathi kwama-5 1/2 nee-6. Nangona ama-35 kunye nama-36 eveki-veki abukeka nje njengeintsana ezizeleyo, zisengaphambili kwaye zingabhekana neengxaki ezithile zokungcoliswa kwangaphambili .
Kwiiveki zokugqibela zokukhulelwa, ezininzi iintsana ziphendukele kwindawo ephezulu. Baye bafikelela ukuphakama kwabo ngokugcwele, bafumana isisindo ngokukhawuleza, baneeminwe eziza kwiingcebiso zeminwe yabo, kwaye zize zenze iinyawo.
Nangona zibukeka njengeintsana ezizeleyo, ezingama-35 kunye nee-36 zeveki zingabantwana abasanda kuzalwa. Imiphunga yabo ayiyi kuphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iiveki ezimbalwa, kwaye abanokuba namafutha aneleyo ukuze bahlale befudumele okanye banamandla okondla ukutya okanye ibhotile.
Ukuqhubeka nokukhusela ukulala kwabo kunye nexesha kwi-NICU ade balungele ukuya ekhaya kubalulekile.
> Imithombo:
> Coughlin M, Gibbins S, Hoath S. Amanyathelo amancinci ekunyamekeleni nophuhliso oluxhasayo kwiiyunithi zokunakekelwa kwezilwanyana ezinzulu: i-theory, > phambili kunye nokusebenza. J Adv Nurs . 2009 Oct; 65 (10): 2239-48.
> Curtis, uGlade noSchuler, uJudith. Iveki Yakho Yokukhulelwa Ngeveki. 6th. Da Capo, 2008.
> Montirosso R et al. Umgangatho weNICU mgangatho wokunyamekela nophuhliso kunye nokusebenza komsebenzi ongenasiphelo kwiintsana ezisengaphambili. Pediatrics . Ngomhla wama-2012 uMeyi; 129 (5): e1129-37.
> Murkoff, uHeidi noSharon Mazel. Yintoni ongayilindela xa ulindele. Wesi-4. Umsebenzi, eNew York, ngo-2008.
> Jonga i-Boo ICU. Iprofayili ye-Preemie: I-Senses kunye neNtsana Yakho yangaphambili.