Njengomongikazi kwinqununu yokunakekelwa kwe - neonatal enkulu (NICU) , ndive lo mbuzo kaninzi kubazali. Ingaba intsana izalwa iiveki okanye iinyanga ngaphambi kwexesha, abazali banenkxalabo ngemiphumo yempilo yexesha elide lokungcoliswa kwangaphambili. Bafuna ukwazi oko kukulindela, kunye nendlela yokukhusela iingxaki ezibangelwa ngokuzalwa kungekudala.
Uluhlu lweengxaki ezide zengxaki zesikhathi eside zokuqala kwangaphambili zingabangela ukuba abazali baveke.
Kodwa iindaba azikho konke okubi. Ngaphandle kweeprojekiti ezincinci, ubunzima obungaphantsi kwama-800 amagremu (malunga ne-1 lb 12 oz) ekuzalweni, ininzi (60%) ineemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ze-neurological kwiinyanga ezingama-20 ubudala. Njengomlinganiselo kunye nokwanda kwexesha lokunyusa, ingozi iyancipha. Ezi ngozi ziquka:
- Iingxaki zokufunda: Into eqhelekileyo yexesha elide lokungcoliseka kokuqala yindlela ethile yokukhubazeka kokufunda. Ukukhubazeka kunokuba nomnene, ubunzima, okanye kwindawo ethile phakathi, kwaye kaninzi ayibonakali kwaze kwaba yilapho abantwana beqala isikolo. Izibalo zichaphazeleka kakhulu; isigama kunye nokufunda ubuncinci abachaphazelekayo. Ukungenelela kwangaphambili kunye neenkqubo ezinjengeNhloko yeNtloko kunokunceda ukunciphisa iingxaki zokufunda ukukhuthaza impumelelo yesikolo.
- Iingxaki kunye neengxaki zengxoxo : Ii-Micropreki zisengozini yeso simo elibizwa ngokuba yi-retinopathy yokuqala kokungcoliseka (ROP), imeko enokubangela ukukhubazeka kombono okanye ukungafihli. Ngenxa yokuba i-ROP ilula kakhulu ukuyiphatha xa ibanjwe kusasa, iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa zihlolwe kwangaphambili, ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa zisesibhedlele. Le meko iphathwa ngokuphefumula okanye ngokuhlinzwa, kwaye iintsana ezininzi zilula ngokupheleleyo.
- Ingxaki yokutya kunye neengxaki zokutya: Iintsana ezinamaxesha amaninzi azikwazi ukusela kwisibhobho okanye ibhotile ekuzalweni, kwaye unokutya kunye ne-IV fluids okanye ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu kwimpumlo okanye emlonyeni iiveki ezimbalwa. Le mingeni yokusondeza kwangaphambili ingabangela ubunzima bexesha elide lokutya, kubandakanywa ukulahlwa kokutya nokukhula kancinci. Iziganeko ezinzima zokungena kwi-enterocolitis (NEC) zingadinga ukutyunjwa kwezilwanyana, ezinokubangela ukuba kunzima ukunyusa nokugaya. Isifo se-reflux se-Gastroesophageal, esibizwa ngokuba yi-GERD okanye i-reflux, yenye enye ingxaki iintsana ezisenakuqala ezinokuthi zibe nazo njengoko zikhula. I-Reflux ingaba yinyameko okanye ilukhuni yaye ingadinga ukuphathwa ngugqirha.
- Iingxaki zokuphefumula: I- asthma, i-croup, kunye ne-bronchitis yinto eqhelekileyo kubantwana abazalwa ngokukhawuleza kunabantwana abazalwa ngexesha. Ingxaki enzulu kakhulu, i-bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), enye ingozi yokungcoliseka kwangaphambili. Iintsana ezine-BPD zingadinga i-oxygen eyongezelelweyo ixesha elide, nangona emva kokukhutshwa kwesibhedlele.
- I-Cerebral palsy: Ininzi engama-30% ye-micropreki zenze i-cerebral palsy, imeko echaphazela ukunyakaza nokuququzelela. Imeko inokuba ngumnene okanye inzima, kwaye ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunokuthi okanye kungabi khona. Abantwana abaninzi abane-cerebral palsy basebenzisa ama-braces, izihlalo zabakhubazekile, okanye ezinye izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuba bafumane indawo ukuya endaweni.
Yintoni Abazali Bangayenza?
Uninzi lwe-NICU unikezela iikliniki zokulandelelana kubazali beintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha, ukususela ngelixa bephuma kwi-NICU de kubekho wabo wesibini okanye wesithathu unyaka wobomi. Ukuya kwamanqanaba onke okutyunjwa kweekliniki kuncedisa ukuba nayiphi na igalelo elide elide lokungcoliswa kwexesha elidlulileyo liyabanjwa kwangethuba kwaye liphathwe ngokukhawuleza.
Iprogram ebaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abazalwa ngokukhawuleza. Iiprogram zokuQala iNtloko kunye nezikolo zasesikolweni zasemgangathweni zingancedisa ukuguqula utshintsho kwi-kindergarten, ukuphucula ukulungiswa kwezifundo zengqungquthela nokuguqula ezinye zeengxaki zemfundo ezithatyathwa ziintshaba.
Xa iintsana ezingekafiki esikolweni, abazali baya kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba ebalulekileyo kwimfundo yabo ukuqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na imingeni yokufunda ichongwa ngokukhawuleza. Ukungenelela kwangethuba kunokunceda ukukhusela iingxaki ezincinci ukuba zibe zizinkulu kwaye zinokukunceda la mazinyane amancinane ukuba anyuse amandla abo.
Imithombo:
> Blackman, JA. "I- NICU > iiprojekitri > zenza ntoni na?" I-Patiatric Contemporary Feb 2007 24: 64-73.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. "Iimpawu zeCDC: Ukuzalwa kwangaphambili ." http://www.cdc.gov/Features/PrematureBirth/
> I-Holdit-Davis, > Ph.D. >, RN, FAAN, uDiane. "Iziphumo zokungabikho kokuqhaqhaqha kunye nokunyamekela kweyunithi yokunakekelwa kwe-neonatal." I- Journal ye-Obstetric, Gynecologic, ne-Neonatal Nursing Julayi-Agasti 2007 36: 364-5.
> Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia. "Iintsana ezinokuqala." Http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001562.htm
> INational Eye Institute. "I-Retinopathy ye-Prematurity." Http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/rop/