Ixesha elithi micro preemie lidla ngokubhekiselele kwintsana engaphambi komntwana ongaphantsi kwama-800 amagremu (1 iipounds 12 ounces) okanye ngaphantsi kwamaviki angama-26 ekuzalweni. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko, umntwana osengaphantsi kwama-3m (i-1500 grams) okanye ozalelwe phantsi kweeveki ezingama-29 ukutyunjwa kungabalwa njenge-preemie encinci.
Inani lezithalo ezincinci ezizalwe ngamnye ngonyaka zincinci, kodwa ama-50,000 iintshaba ezizalwe ngonyaka e-United States zifuna uncedo oluphezulu lwezonyango.
Ukusinda kunokuvela kwi-10 ukuya kwi-80 ekhulwini. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi iiprojekti ezincinci zihlala namhlanje kunanini ngaphambili ngenxa yeenkqubela phambili kwezobugcisa kunye nekhnoloji enokuzinakekela.
Izinga lokusinda kwiiprojekti ezincinci zichazwe ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala, nangona kungekho matyala amabini afanayo:
- Iiveki ezingama-22 zesisu: malunga ne-10% yabantwana abasinda
- Iiveki ezingama-23 zesisu: malunga ne-1/2 yabantwana abasinda
- Iiveki ezingama-24 zesisu: malunga ne-2/3 yabantwana abasinda
- Iiveki ezingama-25 zesisu: malunga ne-3/4 kwintsana iphila
Iingxaki zezeMpilo ze-Preemie
Iintshaba ezincinci zijongana nenani leengxaki zempilo ezibhekiswe kwiyunithi yokunakekelwa kwe-neonatal enkulu (NICU). Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwangaphambili umntwana uzalwe, umngcipheko weengxaki kunye nexesha elide baya kuhlala kwi-NICU. Ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezincinci ezijongene nazo zibandakanya:
- I-Hyperbilirubinemia : Amanqanaba aphakamileyo ye- bilirubin , isakhi esivela ekuphazameni kwemvelo kwegazi, okwenza i-jaundice. I-jaundice ingabangela ukulimala kwengqondo xa kungaphathwa kakubi ngokusetyenziswa kwezibane ezizodwa ezenza umzimba uqede i-bilirubin.
- I-Apnea: Ikhefu lokuphefumula elibangela ukuncipha kwinani lentliziyo.
- I-anemia: Inombolo engaphantsi kweyesiqhelo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezifunekayo ukuthwala i-oksijini emzimbeni.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi: Inkxalabo eqhelekileyo enokubangelwa isifo, ukulahleka kwegazi, ukulahleka kwamanzi, okanye unyango olulawulwe ngaphambi kokunikezelwa.
- Isifo Sengxaki Yokuphefumula : Unzima ukuphefumula ngenxa yokuphefumula kwemiphunga engabonakali okwaneleyo onogqirha, into evumela imiphunga ukuba yandise kakuhle.
- I-bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Ingxaki ekhoyo yomphunga phakathi kweentsana ezingakabantwana, ingakumbi iintshaba zezilwanyana ezincinci, zihlala ziphathwa ngempumelelo ngamachiza kunye ne-oxygen.
- Usuleleko: Zonke iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa, kwaye ngokukodwa iintshaba zezilwanyana ezincinci, ziyi-immunocompromised, oku kuthetha ukuba abanako ukulwa neentsholongwane ezinokubangela ukugula okukhulu.
- I-Patent Ductus Arteriosus: Kwii-prey ezincinci, i- ductus arteriosus (isitya segazi esifutshane esihlangene nesitya esikhulu segazi esinika imiphunga ukuya kwi-aorta) kaninzi sihlala sivulekile kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha. Ngenxa yokuvula okungavumelekanga, igazi elingaphezu kwegazi liyakwazi ukugeleza kumaphaphu, kubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula kwaye kwezinye iimeko zenzeke ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo.
- I-Retinopathy ye-Prematurity: Ukukhula okungavumelekanga kwemithambo yegazi kwiso lentsana kunokudala umonakalo ukusuka ekunobunzima kuya kubukhulu (ubumpumputhe).
Nangona zonke iiprojekithi ezincinci zingakhuselekanga kakhulu ekuzalweni kwaye zifuna ukunakekelwa ngononophelo rhoqo, abaninzi bakhula bengenazo ziphumo zangexesha elide lokungcoliswa kwangaphambili .