I-preemie encinci yintsana ezalwayo enesisindo esingaphantsi kwe-1 i-pounds, i-ounces ezili-12 (800 grams) okanye phambi kwamaviki angama-26. Ekubeni ezi ntlobo zintsana zizalwe inyanga ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke iintsuku ezifanelekileyo, iintsapho ezincinci zijongene nokuhlala ixesha elide kwiyunithi yokunakekelwa kwe-neonatal enkulu (NICU). Nangona iintsana ezininzi kakhulu zingasakhuliyo zikhula ngaphandle kwexesha elide lokungcolisa, abanye bajamelana neengxaki zempilo ebomini.
Yintoni eyenza Ubuntwa Bokuqala?
Ukukunika umongo othile, nawuphi na umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kokuba iiveki ezingama-37 zithathwe njengengaphambi kwexesha (eyaziwayo njenge-preterm). Iintshaba ezincinci ziyiintsana ezingapheliyo zonke. Iintsana ezizalelwa phakathi kweveki ezingama-27 kunye nee-30 zentsuku zokuzalwa zithiwa "kungekudala," iintsana ezizalwa phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-31 neye-34 zibizwa ngokuthi "ngokukhawuleza zingekafiki," kwaye abo bazalwa phakathi kweeyure ezingama-34 neye-37 zithi " preterm. "
Uphi Umlinganiselo Wokusinda Kwezithalo Zimida?
Iintshaba ezincinci zincinci, kwaye yonke imihla umama echitha ukhulelwe yandisa ithuba lomntwana wakhe lokuphila.
| Iveki Yokuzalwa | Umyinge wezinga lokuPhucula |
|---|---|
| Iiveki ezingama-22 | I-10% yabantwana bayasinda |
| Iiveki ezingama-23 | I-50% ukuya kwi-66% yabantwana bayasinda |
| Iiveki ezingama-24 | I-66% ukuya kwi-80% yabantwana bayasinda |
| Iiveki ezingama-25 | I-75% ukuya kwi-85% yabantwana bayasinda |
| Iiveki ezingama-26 | I-90% yabantwana bayasinda |
Uthini i-Preemie Micro ibukeka?
Abantu abaninzi bayamangaliswa yindlela encinci yezilwanyana ezincinci.
Ikhumba labo lincinci, linemivuno ebonakalayo, kwaye ibonakala ngathi idibene okanye i-gelatin. Ukuba u tyelela i-preemie encinci kwi-NICU, unokulindela ukubona oku kulandelayo:
- Inkxaso yokuphefumula : I-preemie encinci ibinomkhuhlane ophuma emlonyeni wakhe, odibene nomoya ophefumula umntwana. Ezinye iiprojekiti ezincinci ziyakhufumla ngokwazo kwaye ziza kuba ziqhubeka zixinzelelo zengqondo (CPAP). Ezi zintsana ziya kuba ne-CPAP iimaski ezinamathele kwiintonga zazo.
- Imizila ye-IV: Iinqwelo ezincinci zineenkqubo zokugaya iintsholongwane kwaye zinikwe intravenous (IV) isondlo ekuqaleni. Uninzi luya kuba nemigca ye-IV kwiintambo zaso zomhlaba (ezibizwa ngokuba yi- umbilical lines ) kwiveki yokuqala okanye ezimbini zobomi, kunye nomgca wePICC okanye i- pipeline IV kamva.
- Izixhobo zokubeka iliso: Zonke izigulane ze-NICU ziqwalaselwa ngokukhawuleza. I-preemie encinci inokuba neentambo ezinamathele kwisifuba sakhe, iinyawo, izibonda, iingalo kunye nemilenze. Oku kulandelelanisa intliziyo yengane nokuphefumula kunye negazi lakhe lokugcwalisa oksijini. Isilathisi esanyathiselwe kumgca we-artery IV umlinganiselo ungalinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- I-tube ye-NG / OG : Ngenxa yokuba i-preemie encinci ingasayi kudla kwi-bhotile okanye kwibele, ityhubhu iya kuphuma emlonyeni wayo (i-OG tube) okanye impumlo (NG tube) kwisisu.
Ngokukhawuleza, iMpilo yexesha elifutshane ixhalabisa kwiiNtsana eziMncinci
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa kwaye ngexesha lokuhlala kwe-NICU encinci, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi bajonge ngokubhekiselele kwiimeko ezininzi zonyango ezinzulu, njengalezi, ngezantsi.
- Isifo sokuphefumula kwesifo sokuphefumula (RDS) : Uninzi lwezithalo ezincinci (malunga ne-85%) zinzima ukuphefumla emva kokuzalwa. IiRSS ziphathwa ngokuphefumula kunye neyeza.
- I-patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): Ngaphantsi kwesigamu se-pre-micro pre-PDA. I-PDA yixhamlwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kweemitha ezinkulu zegazi kufuphi nentliziyo. Ukuqhagamshela kuqhelekileyo kumntwana kodwa kufuneka uvale xa umntwana ezalwa aze aphefumule. I-PDA iphathwa ngamachiza okanye ukuhlinzwa.
- I-Sepsis: Iintsana zangaphambi kokusasazeka zithintela ukusuleleka kwizizathu ezininzi. Iintshaba ezincinci zinamajoni omzimba omzimba kwaye zijongene neenkqubo ezininzi ezingenayo kwiNICU, ngasinye sinokuvumela ukuba iibhaktheriya zingene emzimbeni. Phantse i-40% yezilwanyana ezincinci zifuna iintsholongwane zonyango ukuphatha unyango lwe-bacteria.
- I-hemorrhage (IVH): I- IV iphuma kumacandelo. Iintshaba ezincinci ziye zatshathisa imithwalo yegazi ebuchosheni babo, kwaye ezi nqanawa zikwazi ukuhlukana kalula. Phantse kwikota yeengqamana ezincinci ezine-IVH. Uninzi lweziganeko ze-IVH zodwa, kodwa ezinye iintsana zingadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze zincede ukucoca amanzi.
- I-Retinopathy ye-Prematurity (ROP): Imithambo yegazi kwi-eye preemie amehlo ayilwanga ngokupheleleyo ekuzalweni. Xa izitya zikhula, zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zonakalise i-retina. Ngaphantsi kwe-15% yeeprojekithi ezincinci ziphuhlisa i-ROP, esoloko isombulula ngokwayo. Ukuhlinzwa kungadinga kwiimeko ezinzima.
- I-Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC): Njengoko iiprojekithi ezincinci zineenkqubo zokugaya iintsholongwane, amathumbu abo anokufumana isifo. Kwi-NEC, izibilini zamathumbu zitsholongwane kwaye ziqala ukufa. Phantse i-7% yeengqamana ezincinci ziphuhlisa i-NEC, enokuba yinto enzulu kakhulu. I-NEC iphathwa nge-IV kunye namayeza. Kufuneka utyando.
Iingxaki zexesha elide zeMiyalo yeMicrosoft
Uninzi lwezithalo ezincinci alubonisi miphumo emide yexesha elide lokuqala. Enyanisweni, ngo-8 ubudala, malunga nama-60% anee-IQ eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iincinci ezincinci zinokuthi zibe neengxaki zempilo yonke, kubandakanywa ezi zidweliswe ngezantsi.
- Iingxaki zeengcamango: Ukulibaziseka okuphuhlisayo , inkathazo esikolweni, kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinengqiqo ziyimiphumo eqhelekileyo yokungcoliswa kwangaphambili. Phantse i-20% yeengcinezelo ezincinci ezinokukhubazeka ezinengqondo ezineminyaka eyi-8, kwaye enye i-20% ineengxaki zeengcamango ezincinci ukuya kuyingqinisiso.
- I-Cerebral palsy: malunga ne-10% yeengqungquthela ezincinci ziye zenzeke ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cerebral palsy.
- Isifo sesifo sengqondo esingapheliyo: Isiqingatha sezilwanyana ezincinci zidinga i-oksijini kwi-NICU. Iintshaba ezincinci zinakho ukufumana isifo se-asthma okanye ezinye iingxaki zokuphefumula, kuquka ne-bronchopulmonary dysplasia, okanye i-BPD.
- Iingxaki zokugaya: Iilwanyana ezincinci zixhomekeke kwiingxaki zokugaya ukutya ezifana neGERD , ukulahlwa kokutya, okanye ukutya okubi.
- Umbono okanye ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe: Phakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-3% yeengqanda ezincinci zinombono ongapheliyo okanye iingxaki zokuvalelwa ngenxa yeengxaki zobungqingili.
Ukuphucula umphumo wakho womntwana
Nangona iiprojekiti ezincinci zinokujamelana neengxaki zempilo ezinzulu, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza njengomzali ukuba unike umntwana wakho ithuba lokuqala.
- Ukufumana unyango lokubeleka kwangaphambili: Xa ukhulelwe, xela ugqirha wakho ekuqaleni malunga nendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa . Ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka kunokunceda abomama baphephe ukuziswa kwangethuba.
- Yenza umntwana wakho esibhedlele ngeNICU: Ukuba uyazi ukuba umntwana wakho uya kudala, ukunikezela esibhedlele ngeNqanaba 3 leNICU enee-24 zeeyunoloji ze-neonatology zingamnika isingeniso esingcono kakhulu.
- Funda iimpawu zomsebenzi wokuqala: Nangona ukhulelwe, qiniseka ukuba uyayiqonda imiqondiso yomsebenzi wokuqala , kwaye unokunyamekela unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba uhlakulela nayiphi na.
- Funa ukungenelela kwangethuba: Iintsana ezizalwe kusenokwenzeka ziyakulungelelaniswa neenkqubo zokungenelela kwangaphambili . Ukuqalisa le nkqubo ngokukhawuleza kunokunceda ukunciphisa nayiphina imiphumo engqiqweni yokungcoliseka kwangaphambili.
Imithombo:
Hoekstra, R et al. "Ukusinda nokuPhumela kwexesha elide I-Neurodevelopmental Outcome yeZintsana ezidlulileyo ezizalwe ngama-23-26 Iiveki 'Ubudala beGestational Age kwiziko eliphakamileyo." Iingcali zikaJan 2004; 113, c1-c7.
Qiu, X et al. "Ukuqhathaniswa kweZimbonakaliso kunye nokuPhumela kweziNzala eziNinzi zeZintsana ezizalwe okanye ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-32 zoBugcisa." I-Obstetrics & Gynecology Feb 2008; 111, 365-371.
Vohr, B et al. IziPhumo ze-Neurodevelopmental of Children's Weight Weight Births <32 Iiveki 'Ukulingana Phakathi kuka-1993 no-1998. " Pediatrics Sept 2005; 116, 635-643.