Ukufunda konke malunga neyunithi yokunakekelwa kwe-neonatal ngokubanzi (i-NICU) ngokuqhelekileyo yinto yamanyathelo okuqala ekuzaleni umzali. Ngethuba lokuqala ukutyelela umntwana wakho kwiyunithi yokunakekelwa enkulu ye-neonatal (i-NICU) inokuba nzima. Imiboniso, izandi, kunye novumbayo konke akuqhelekanga, kwaye iingcango zivalelwe kwaye zilondolozwe. Kusenokubonakala ngathi abantu bangaphakathi bathetha ulwimi oluhlukile!
Ukwazi okufutshane malunga neendawo zokunakekelwa ezinzulu kunye nabanononophelo oya kudibana nazo kunokukwenza ukuba amava angasabisekanga, kwaye akuvumele ugxininise ekusebenziseni ixesha kunye nosana lwakho.
Yintoni i-NICU?
I-NICU, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuthi unonophelo olukhethekileyo, unakekela iintsana ezizalwe kusenesikhathi, ezineengxaki ngexesha lokunikezelwa, okanye ngubani ophuhlisa iingxaki kwaye ufuna iphakamileyo eliphezulu lokunyamekela. Nangona zonke i-NICU zinakekele iintsana ezifuna uncedo olungaphezulu, iiNICU ezahlukeneyo zinikela ngamanqanaba athathaliweyo.
Inqanaba I: Uzinzo olusisiseko olusandul 'ukuzalwa olutsha: Inqanaba lokuqala lokunakekelwa ngononophelo olusempilweni, olupheleleyo lweintsana. Bayakwazi ukuzinzisa iintsana ezizalwe ngekota ukwenzela ukuba zilungele ukudluliselwa kumaziko anika uncedo olulodwa.
Inqanaba II: Uncedo olutsha olusandul 'ukuzalwa: Inzala ye-Level II inokunyamekela iintsana ezizalwe ngaphezu kweeveki ezingama-32 okanye zibuye zivela kwiimeko ezinzulu.
- Inqanaba le-IIA: Le mihlaba ayinikezeli umoya wokuncedisa .
- Umgangatho we-IIB: Ezi ndawo zinoko zinokuncedisa ukuphuphuma umoya ngeeyure ezingaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24, kwaye zinokubonelela ngeengcinezelo ezihamba phambili zomoya (CPAP) .
Inqanaba III: Ulwaphulo lweNtsholongwane olutsha: iNqanaba III I-NICU inakekele abantwana abancinci kwaye inika inkxaso enkulu.
- Inqanaba IIIA: Le ndawo yokunyamekela iintsana ezizalwe ngaphezu kweeveki ezingama-28. Banikezela umoya wokungenisa umoya kunye neenkqubo ezincinci zokucwangcisa njengendawo yokubeka emgca.
- I-IIIB yeNqanaba: I-NICU yeNqanaba III inokunika iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungena umoya, ukufikelela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zeengcali zezilwanyana, zingasebenzisa izixhobo zengqondo ngaphezu kwe-x-ray, kwaye zinokuhlinzekela uphando oluthile olufuna i-anesthesia.
- Inqanaba IIIC: Unonophelo olunzulu lunikwa kwiiNICU zeNqanaba IIIC, ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngeNqanaba IV zeNICU. Ezi zikhungwane zikwazi ukubonelela ngomoya ophezulu, kuquka i- ECMO , kwaye inokuhlinzekela ngokugqithiseleyo okuphambili okubandakanya "ukuvulwa kwentliziyo" ukulungisa ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo.
Inqanaba IV (ngezinye iixesha libizwa ngokuba yiNqanaba IIIC) : I-NICU yeNqanaba IV yinqanaba eliphezulu lokunakekelwa kwezingane. Nangona kungekho nkcazo esemthethweni yeNqanaba IV iNICU, abanye bathi kwaye iinkqubo zezibhedlele zisebenzisa le nkcazo ye-NICU ezikhathalela iintsana ezinezidingo eziphezulu.
I-NICU yeNqanaba IV ingabonelela:
- Ukunyamekela iintsana kwixesha eliphantsi lokuphila
- Ukuphuphuma umoya, kuquka ukuphuphuma umoya ophezulu
- Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuhlinzwa, kuquka ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo efuna i-bypass
- Ezinye iinqanaba ze-NICU zinokubonelela nge- ECMO
Nangona kungekho ncazelo epheleleyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okunakekelwa kweNICU, umgaqo-nkqubo we-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) kwiNqanaba loNakekelo lweNonatal usetyenziselwa kwiindawo ezininzi zase-United States. Umgaqo-nkqubo we-AAP awuqapheli iNqanaba IV yeNICU.
Inqanaba eliphezulu lokunakekelwa kwe-NICU elifunyenwe yi-AAP yiNICU yeNqanaba IIIC.
NICU Abasebenzi kunye nabanakekeli
Nangona umntwana wakho e-NICU, uya kunikwa liqela loogqirha, oongikazi kunye nabanye oogqirha.
I-Neonatology: I- Neonatologists ngabahlengikazi abanengcali eyongezelelweyo ekunakekeleni iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa . Abahlengikazi be-Neonatal, okanye abahlengikazi abaqhubele phambili abajongene nokunyamekela iintsana kunye noogqirha ekuqeqeshweni ukuba babe ngabantwana (abahlali) okanye i-neonatologists (kunye nabo) banokunceda ukunakekela umntwana wakho phantsi kolawulo lwe-neonatologist.
Abahlengikazi: Abahlengikazi banikela ubuninzi bovavanyo lwemihla ngemihla nokunyamekela iintsana kwiNICU.
Basebenza ngokubambisana nabazali, i-neonatologists, kunye neyezinye iqela leNICU ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango olungcono lweintsana eziphantsi kwazo.
Uphulo lokuphefumula: Iiphrotheraphi zokuphefumula zenza iindima ezininzi kwiNICU. Imisebenzi yabo iquka ukulawula izixhobo zokuphefumula , ukubonelela ngokuphefumula, ukudweba nokuhlaziya igazi, nokuthatha inxaxheba ekuthuthweni nasekhompyutheni.
Iingcali zengqesho kunye nezempilo: Iintsana zangaphambili zifuna indawo ekhethekileyo yokukhuthaza ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kwempilo, kunokufuna uncedo olukhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bafunda ukutya kakuhle kwaye banokuzuza ngokusasaza abantwana. Iingcali ze-Occupational (OTs) kunye neengcali zempilo (PTs) zibonelela ngeenkonzo.
Abasebenzi beentloko: Ukongezelela kubasebenzi benonophelo lwempilo ebhalwe apha ngasentla, ezinye ezininzi izandla zinokunyamekela intsapho yakho ngelixa umntwana wakho e-NICU. Unokuhlangana nabasemasimini abalungiselela amachiza ezintsana kwi-NICU, abacebisi bamacandelo ukuba bancedise umama ukuba banike ubisi lwebele kubantwana babo kwaye bancede abantwana bafunde ukumncelisa iintsana zabo zangaphambi kokuzalwa , kunye nabaqeqeshi kunye nabacebisi ukuba bancede abazali bajamelane nokugula komntwana wabo.
Funda ngakumbi: Izixhobo kunye neNkqubo zeNICU
Imithombo
- I-American Academy yePediatrics. "Amanqanaba okuNakekelwa kweNonatal" Iingcali zonyango 2004 114: 1341-1347.
- Isibhedlele sabantwana sasePittsburgh. "Iinkqubo kunye nezixhobo kwiNICU." Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 22, 2008
- Isibhedlele sabantwana baseNtshona. "Abasebenzi bethu be-NICU abanakekelayo." 2008. Kufumaneka ngoNovemba 22, 2008.
- Matshi weDimes. "Iiglosari: Izinto eziqhelekileyo zeNICU Equipment. "Oktobha 2008. Kufikeleleke ngoNovemba 22, 2008.
- Nemours Foundation. "Xa umntwana wakho e-NICU." Kufinyeleleka ngoNovemba 22, 2008.