Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ugqirha wakho uthi umntwana wakho uya kuba ngumntwana osengaphambili? Yintoni onokuyilindela?
Ngumntwana Olingane Ngaphambi Kokuqala?
Ngokutsho kweenkcazelo ezininzi, umntwana osengumntwana ozalwa ngokulinganayo uzalwa phakathi kweeyure ezingama-31 no-34 ubudala. I- preemie encinci izalwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama- 26 zonyango ; umntwana osengaphambi kokuzalwa uzalwa phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-27 neye-30 ubudala, kwaye umntwana ozalwa emva kokuzalwa ozalwa emva kweeyure ezingama-34 no-36 ubudala.
Ngenxa yokuba umntwana ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwiinyanga zokugqibela zokukhulelwa, umntwana osengumntwana oqhelekileyo uyahluke kakhulu kumntu owazalwa ngaphambili okanye kamva. Iintsana zokuqala zincinci zijongene nemingeni ekhethekileyo kunye neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo ezivela kwezinye iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha.
Uthini Umntwana Oyingqungquthela Wokuqala?
Nangona bebancinci kunabantwana abasisigxina, iintsana zokuqala zincinci zibukeka zinjengezinsana ezizalwe kamva. Abenaso isikhumba esincinci kunye nokungabikho kwamanqatha omzimba ayenabantwana abancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo banomlinganiselo phakathi kwama-3 1/2 ukuya kuma-5.
Ukuba u tyelele umntwana osanda kuzalwa, i-NICU iyakusongela ngakumbi kunomntwana ngokwakhe. Lindela u kubona:
- Ama-Incubators : Nangona iintsana ezisenqabileyo ziqala ukuzalisa, abaninzi abanakho amafutha omzimba okwaneleyo ukuze bahlale befudumele. Ingane inokuthi ibe kwi-incubator okanye, kwiiyure zokuqala zokuphila, phantsi kobushushu obufudumele.
- Inkxaso yokuphefumula: malunga nesiqingatha seentsana zokuqala zentsapho zidinga inkxaso yokuphefumula ekuzalweni. I-CPAP ye-Nasal kunye ne- cannulas yomnxeba isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona abantwana abancinci bebantombazana badinga umoya wokungenisa umoya.
- Imizila ye-IV: Ngenxa yokuba abantwana bezantathu zincinci banesistim sokugaya, ukunyusa ubisi kuya kwandiswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwandiswe kwixesha leentsuku eziliqela. I-Peripheral IVs isoloko isetyenziselwa ukunika umntwana isondlo ngelixa izifo zinyuka, nangona imigca ye-PICC kunye ne- catheters embilical ingasetyenziswa.
- Izixhobo zokubeka iliso : Izitifiketi kwisisu esifana nesantya kunye neenyawo okanye iinyawo ziza kubeka esweni isantya senhliziyo yomntwana, izinga lokuphefumula kunye ne-oxygen saturation.
- Izigulana ezondlayo : Ngenxa yokuba abantwana abancinci bezilwanyana abanqabile ngokwaneleyo ukuba bathathe ukutya okunokwaneleyo ukuze bafumane ubunzima, ityhubhu iya kuphuma emlonyeni womntwana (i-OG tube) okanye impumlo (NG tube) kwisisu. Ityhubhu iya kusetyenziswa ukunika naluphi na ukondla obisi obusenokungathathi umntwana ngesibetho okanye ibhotile.
Ixhala leMpilo
Umntwana osengqiqweni oqhelekileyo uhlala ekhulile ngokwaneleyo ekuzalweni ukuba aphunyuke iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu zokungcoliswa kwangaphambili . Uninzi lweengxaki zempilo ezijongene neentsana zokuqala zangasese zihlala zifutshane kwaye zisonjululwa ngaphambi kokukhutshwa kweNICU.
- I-jaundice : I- jaundice ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi emva kokuzalwa. Ngethuba lokuphazamiseka, umzimba udala iimveliso zentengiso ezinsana ezingenakuqala ukukwazi ukuzinqumla kakuhle. Iintshaba zingadinga ukunyangwa iintsuku eziliqela nge-phototherapy ukunceda.
- I-apnea yokungcoliseka kwangaphambili: i- Apnea (xa ukuphefumla kuyeka) kunye ne-bradycardia (xa iqondo lentliziyo linciphisa) liqhelekile kwiintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha. Iintsana ezisengaphambili zincinci ziyakhathazeka nge-apnea ye-prematurity kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngelixa imizimba yabo ikhula. I-Apnea yokungcoliswa kwangaphambili iphathwe ngamachiza kunye nokuvavanya okufutshane.
- Ukutya okubi: Iintsana zokuqala zangasese azizinzi ngokwaneleyo ukuthatha konke ukutya kwazo kwibele okanye kwibhotile, kwaye ingenako ukulungelelanisa, ukugwinya nokuphefumula kakuhle. Kuyakhathaza abazali ukuba bashiye iintsana zabo kwi-NICU xa babonakala behamba kakuhle, ngenxa yokuba abanamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuncelisa okanye ukufumana ukutya kwebhotile .
- Uxinzelelo lokuphefumula : Uphuhliso lwamafutha alugqibekanga de kube umntwana esifikile kwixesha elipheleleyo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza iintsana ziqala ukuphefumula xa zizalwa. Basenokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza (tachypnea), ne-saturation ephantsi ye-oksijini, okanye ubonise ezinye iimpawu ukuba banenkinga yokuphefumla. Inkxaso yokuphefumula ingafuneka, ingakumbi kwiintsuku zokuqala zokuphila.
Yintoni iTachypnea?
I-Tachypnea iphefumula ngokukhawuleza. Iintsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ziphefumla phakathi ko-40 no-60 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu. Isantya sokuphefumula ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kweempumulo ezingama-60 ngomzuzu kuthiwa yi- tachypnea . Bobabini iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha kunye neentsana ezizalwe kwixeshana zingaphefumula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeso simo ebizwa ngokuba yi-tachypnea yangaphantsi yintsana (TTN), imeko emnene. Iintsana ezineTTN zingadinga inkxaso yokuphefumula , kwaye zivame ukuphefumula ngokuqhelekileyo kwiintsuku ezili-1 okanye ezimbini. Kwiintsana ezingasengaphambili, i-tachypnea ingaba ngumqondiso wesifo sengqondo sokuphefumula , imeko enzulu kakhulu engathatha ixesha elide ukuba ibuye.
Ixesha elide Liza Kuhlala ixesha elingakanani kwi-NICU?
Zonke iintsana zokuqala kufuneka zifezekise izinto ezithile ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-NICU. Kumele ukuba bakwazi ukutya, ukuphefumula, kwaye bahlale befudumele. Iintsuku zokuqala zincinci zithatha iiveki eziliqela ukuba zihlangabezane nale miba ephambili kwaye zihlala zikhutshwe malunga namaxesha angama-36 obudala.
Iingxaki zexesha elide
Abaninzi abasenayo abantwana abashiya i-NICU kungekho miphumo engapheliyo yokungcoliswa kwangaphambili. Abanye bangadinga ukunakekelwa kwexesha elifutshane emva kokukhutshwa; bangabangela ukuba i-apnea ilandele ikhaya kunye nabo okanye ifune i-oksijini ekhaya ngeenyanga ezimbalwa. Phantse i-15% iya kuba nezikhubazo ezincinci ezifana nokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa okanye inkathazo esikolweni, kwaye enye i-5% ukuya ku-8% iya kuba nokunciphisa ubunzulu obungokwenyama nokuqonda.
Kukho izinto ezininzi abazali abangayenza ukuze bancede baqinisekise ukuba abantwana babo banesiphumo esihle kakhulu:
- Ukufumana unyango lokubeleka kwangaphambili: AmaMama anganciphisa umngcipheko wokubeletha kwangaphambi kokubeleka ngokufumana unyango olusisusana. Oomama abalindelekileyo kufuneka bathethe noogqirha babo ekuqaleni malunga namathuba okuba umntwana osanda kuzalwa; ngokoMatshi weDimes, ezi ngxoxo zivuthiwe.
- Zichitha ixesha kwi-NICU: Ukuba ubelethe umntwana osengqiqweni, sebenzisa ixesha elide kwiNICU njengoko unako. Funda malunga nemeko yengane yakho, udibene nomntwana wakho , kwaye ufumane kakuhle ekudleni i-preemie yakho .
- Phonononga kwangenelela kwangethuba : Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa nayiphi na imiqondiso yokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa okanye unayo nayiphi na ingxaki yempilo kwi-NICU, khuluma notitshala wakho wezilwanyana malunga nokungenelela kwangaphambili (EI). Iiprogram zokungenelela kwangaphambili zikhululekile kubazali kwaye zinokukunceda iintsana zokuqala zifikelele kwiontanga zabo ngokukhawuleza.
Imithombo:
> I-Gunter, J. I-Preemie Primer Da Capo, ngo-2010.
Kirkby, S, Greenspan, J, Kornhauser, M, noSchneiderman, R. "IziPhulo zeeKliniki kunye neNdleko yoMntwana oNcinci." Intuthuko ekunakekelweni kweNtsholongwane ka- Ephreli 2007; 7, 80-87.
Qiu, X et al. "Ukuqhathaniswa kweZimbonakaliso kunye nokuPhumela kweziNzala eziNinzi zeZintsana ezizalwe okanye ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-32 zoBugcisa." I-Obstetrics & Gynecology Feb 2008; 111, 365-371.