Iintshaba zijongene nobungozi obuninzi lweengxaki zezoNyango
Abazali beintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha banemibuzo emininzi, ngokukodwa malunga neengxaki zokungcoliswa kwangaphambili. Ukufunda malunga neengxaki zempilo umntwana wakho osengaphambi kwexesha elijongene nayo kunokukunceda uqonde unyango kwaye uyazi ukuba yiyiphi imibuzo yokubuza oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi. Nayi imicimbi echaphazelekayo yempilo eyintsana engenakusenokwenzeka.
Apnea of ​​Prematurity
Ngenxa yokuba ubuchopho babo kunye nemiphunga ayinakuphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo, i-apnea, okanye amaxesha apho ukuphefumula kuyayeka khona, kwenzeka kuma-85 ekhulwini weintsana ezelwe ngaphambi kweveki ezingama-34.
I-Apnea inokuza kunye namaxesha e-bradycardia (okanye "iibhondi"), apho intliziyo iyancipha. Ukukhuthazwa ngokuqhelekileyo kunceda umntwana aqale ukuphefumula, kwaye uhlolisise aqinisekise ukuba iipasiti ziyabanjwa ngokukhawuleza. Amachiza kunye nenkxaso yokuphefumula inokukunceda.
Jaundice
I-jaundice iphuzi eliphuzi elibangelwa yi-bilirubin, umveliso weeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ichaphazela malunga nesiqingatha seentsana zentsana kunye nama-80 ekhulwini kwiintshaba kunye nokuphathwa kwezibane ezizodwa. Iintsana ezisengaphambili zisengozini yokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwi-bilirubin kwaye ziphathwa rhoqo ngaphezu kweentsana zentsholongwane ukukhusela i-kernicterus, ingxaki apho amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin awonakalisa ingqondo.
I-Distress Syndrome
Ukuxinzezeleka kokuphefumula kuthinta amaninzi angama-43 ama-percents abantwana abengaphambi kwexesha abazalwa phakathi kweeveki ezingama-30 neye-32, kwaye phantse zonke iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kwelo xesha. Iintsana zexesha elipheleleyo zenza i-surfactant, ikhemikhali enceda ukugcina imiphunga ihluthe. Ngaphandle kwento ebenzileyo yokusebenza , iintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha zingasifaki kakuhle.
Iintshaba zingadinga umntu osebenzayo okanye unokufuna ukuphefumula ngexesha iimiphunga zikhula.
Reflux
Isifo se-reflux se-Gastroesophageal , okanye i-GERD, sichaphazela ukuya kwisiqingatha seentsana ezingaphambi kwexesha. Kwi-reflux ye-gastroesophageal, isisu sesisu siphinda siphakamise isisu, kwaye umntwana uya kuhluma. Iintsana kunye neGERD zichitheka kwakhona, kodwa nazo zineminye impawu.
Basenokuhlambalaza, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, okanye babe neengxaki zokuphefumula ezifana nokukhwehlela okanye impumoniya. Amachiza anganikwa unyango wokunyanga le mqathango, apho iintshaba ziphuma ngexesha.
I-Hemorerhage (IVH)
Iintsana ezinokuqala, ngakumbi abo bazalwa ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-30, banemizila yegazi ephosakeleyo ebuchosini babo. Ukuba loo mijelo iyaphuka, i-intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) ingenzeka. Oku kuphuma kumbilini, okwenzeka kuma-14 kweepesenti zeintsana ezizalwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-30 ukuya kwe-32 kunye neepesenti ezingama-36 zeintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kweveki ezingama-26, zinokuba zizinzile okanye zinzima. Ukuphuma kwegazi kunokuba nemiphumo emibi, njengokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa . Igazi elimninzi lisoloko lingaba nefuthe elide elide.
I-Retinopathy ye-Prematurity (ROP)
Iintshaba zizalwe ngamehlo angapheliyo. Kwi-retinopathy ye-prematurity (ROP), imithwalo yegazi kwiliso ikhula ngokungavamile kwaye ingakhokelela ekusebenziseni i-retinal detecment and blindness. Esi sifo sichaphazela malunga nesiqingatha seentana ezelwe ngaphambi kweveki ezingama-26, kodwa kuphela iipesenti ezi-1 zezithaba ezalwa emva kweeveki ezingama-30 . Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwimizuzu eyi-1 ukuya kwimi-2 yobudala be-ROP, edla ngokuphathwa ngophenyo lwe-laser okanye i-cryosurgery.
I-Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Ngaphambi kokuzalwa, iintsana zixhomekeke kwi-placenta ye-oksijini kwaye zineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokujikeleza ezivela emva kokuzalwa.
Uhlu olulodwa luyi-ductus arteriosus, ukuvula phakathi kweenqanawa ezinkulu. Izidumbu zivame ukuvala ekuzalweni ukuze igazi likwazi ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo. Kwiintshaba, kunokuhlala kuvulekile, kubangela i-patent ductus arteriosus, okanye i-PDA. I-PDA, eyenzeka kwiipesenti eziyi-8 zeintsana ezizalwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-30 ukuya kwe-32 kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiintshaba ezincinci, zenza ukujikelezwa okungavamile. Kufuneka ukuba unyango okanye utyando luvaliwe ukuvala ii-ductus.
I-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
I-Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) yimeko engapheliyo yemiphunga ebangelwa ukuvuvukala kwe-airway. Ichaphazela iintsana ezisefenini ixesha elide kwaye zinokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula kunye namanqanaba e-oxygen ephantsi.
I-BPD ithintela amaninzi angama-62 eengane ezelwe ngaphambi kweveki ezingama-26, kodwa kuphela iipesenti ezi-3 zalawo azalwa phakathi kweeveki ezingama-30 ne-32. Iintsana ezine-BPD zingadinga i-oksijeni eyongezelelweyo kude kube yimeko imeko.
I-Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
I-entocolitis ye-Necrotizing (NEC) ithintela amathumbu amaninzi ama-13 amaphesenti ezana ezelwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-26 , kunye neepesenti ezingama-3 zintsana ezizalwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-30 ne-32. Kule meko, ubhedu bamathumbu luya sulelwa kwaye lufa. Iimpawu zibandakanya isisu esixhaswe, ukunyamezela, nokunyamezela. Xa ibanjwe kusasa, i-NEC iphathwe ngamayeza. Ukutya kumile, kwaye iintsana zifumana ukutya okunomsoco nge-IV. Amatyala amakhulu angadinga ukuhlinzwa.
Sepsis
Ebangelwa yiibhaktheriya egazini, i-sepsis yinkinga enkulu kwiintshaba. I-Sepsis inokuvela kwangoko ukususela kwi-bacteria kwisibeleko okanye kwisikhunta sokuzalwa, okanye kamva kwizinto eziphathekayo okanye ii-IV. Iimpawu zibandakanya iingxaki zokuphefumla, ukunyamezela, kunye nesisu sokuvuvukala. I-antibiotics isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-sepsis, ephathwa ngokulula xa ibanjwa kwangethuba.
Iingxaki zeMpilo kumaxesha ahlukeneyo okuGestational
Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba iintshaba ezizalwe kwiimeko ezihlukeneyo ezihlukeneyo zihluke kakhulu, kwaye ziya kuhlangabezana nemingeni eyahlukeneyo kwaye zineenkalo ezahlukeneyo zeNICU . Xa ucinga malunga neengxaki zempilo umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni, cinga ngexesha elide ngaphambi kokuba azalwe kwaye yintoni eyabangela ukungcoliseka kwangaphambili.
- Imibuzo ye-FAQ malunga neengcinezelo ezincinci : umntwana ozalwe enesisindo esingaphantsi kwesigidi, ii-ounces eziyi-12 (800 grams) okanye phambi kweeveki ezingama-26
- Iimbuzo malunga neentsana ezingaphambi kwexesha elide : umntwana ozelwe phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-27 no-30
- Imibuzo ngokumalunga neentsana zokuqala zentsana: umntwana ozelwe phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-31 no-34
- Iimbuzo malunga neentsana zokuqala zangaphambili : umntwana ozalwa phakathi kwama-34 no-37
Nangona umntwana osengaphambi kwexesha uza kujamelana nobungozi obuninzi bemicimbi yezempilo, ukwazi ukuba imiba kunokukunceda ukuba uzilungiselele, ngoko umntwana wakho uya kuba nelithuba elihle kwiziphumo ezilungileyo. Xoxa ngethuba lale ngxaki ngogqirha wakho kunye nabahlengikazi ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nokuthi le nto inokuchaphazela njani umntwana wakho.
> Imithombo
- > Iinkcukacha zeCDC: Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala. CDC.gov.
- Iingxaki zezeMpilo zeZingana ezisemandulo. Healthychildren.org.
- > I-Holdit-Davis D. "Iziphumo zokungabikho kokuqhaqhaqha kunye nokunakekelwa kweyunithi yokukhathalela." I- Journal ye-Obstetric, Gynecologic, ne-Neonatal Nursing July-Aug 2007 36: 364-5.