Uvavanyo olutsha olusandul 'ukuzalwa, oludla ngokubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwePKU, luvavanyo lwegazi olujongene neengxaki ezahlukeneyo kwiintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa. Uvavanyo lwe-PKU lwenziwa ngokuthintela isithende somntwana kwaye uvumela amaconsi amaninzi egazi ukuba awele ekhadini elikhethekileyo. Uvavanyo luyahlukahluka ngurhulumente, kunye namanye amazwe efuna ukukhathazeka okungaphezulu kunabanye.
Uvavanyo lwe-PKU lufanele lwenziwe emva kokuba umntwana useneminyaka engama-24 ukuya kuma-48 ubudala ubudala kodwa ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-7 zokuqala.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana osandul 'usana ahambe esibhedlele. Iintsana ezizalelwe ekhaya okanye kwezinye izilwanyana ezingaphandle kwesibhedlele kufuneka ziqhagamshelane nombelekazi wazo okanye udokotela wezilwanyana ukuba athole i-lab esondeleyo engayenza uvavanyo.
Kutheni iSikrini SeNtsana Sibizwa ngokuba yi-PKU Test?
Ngowe-1963, uDkt. Robert Guthrie wavelisa uvavanyo olulula nolusenayo i-PKU, okanye i-phenylketonuria, kwiintsana. Emva kwexesha, uvavanyo olufanayo lusetyenziswa ukujonga ezinye izifo ezininzi. Nangona uvavanyo olutsha olusandul 'uvavanyo olutsha lubujonga ngokugqithiseleyo ukuphazamiseka okungaphezulu kwama-50 kwamanye amazwe, lisoloko lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwePKU.
Uphi uvavanyo lwePKU oluya kuluqonda?
Nangona uvavanyo lwe-PKU luhluka ngobuso, bonke basebenzise ukuhlola ukuzalwa kweentsana ukuvavanya okungenani izifo ezi-21 ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa:
- PKU
- I-hypothyroidism yamaqabane
- Galactosemia
Uninzi lusebenzisa uvavanyo lwePKU ukuvavanya izifo ezongezelelweyo kunye nokuvavanywa kwezigulane ezingaphezu kwezi-50 ezahlukeneyo.
Uninzi lwezi ngxaki zixilisekile, oku kuthetha ukuba zichaphazela indlela iiseli zenza amandla.
Kutheni i-PKU yovavanyo ibalulekile?
Uvavanyo lwe-PKU lubheka iziphazamiso ezingabangela iingxaki ezinzulu zempilo ukuba zingaphathwa unyango. Ezinye zeengxaki ziya kuba zinzulu kakhulu okanye nokuba zisongela ubomi kwiveki yokuqala yobomi ukuba ayifumananga kwaye iphathwe ngokukhawuleza.
Abanye ababonisi iimpawu zeenyanga okanye neminyaka, kwaye iimpawu zingabonakala ngathi ezinye izifo.
Uvavanyo lwePKU luhluke njani kwiNICU?
Bobabini ukungahlanjululwa kweengcinezelo kunye neengxaki zonyango lwe-NICU zingenza iziphumo zentsholongwane zokuhlola ukuzalwa zibunzima ukutolika. Izigulane ze-NICU zifuna ukuba zihlolwe ngaphezu kweyodwa ukwenzela ukuba iziphumo zilula ukuziqonda.
Iintsana zokuqala kunye neentsana zentsuku ezifuna ukunakekelwa kwe-NICU zinemiba emininzi enokuchaphazela uvavanyo olutsha lokuhlola:
- Ukutya okufutshane: Iintsana ezininzi ze-NICU azifaki iimveliso zobisi ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yengozi ye-NEC, iinjongo okanye ezinye izinto. Ngaphandle kokuba iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zokucoca zisetyenziswe, iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-PKU zichanekile emva kokuba umntwana efumana ukondla ubisi okungenani iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 kodwa zingapheli iintsuku ezi-7 zobomi.
- Ulwaphulo lwe-Antibiotics: Amayeza anokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kweminye yemvavanyo eyenziwa kuvavanyo lwe-PKU.
- Isondlo esipheleleyo se-palrenteral (TPN) : I- TPN inokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kweminye imvavanyo yokuzalwa yokuzalwa.
- Ukuxilongwa kwegazi: Ngenxa yokumpontshelwa igazi kuthatha indawo enye yegazi lomntwana kunye negazi lohlobo oluhlukile, ukumpontshelwa igazi kunokuchaphazela ukwenza iimvavanyo ze-PKU zichaneke kangangoko.
- Izinga eliphezulu lee-hypothyroidism: Iintsana ezinokuqala zinezinga eliphezulu lee-hypothyroidism kuneentsana zentsana. Le meko idla ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihamba ngcono ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwemiphumo engapheliyo, kodwa inokuphazamisa ukukhula kunye nophuhliso xa ingaqwalaselwa ngokuthe ngqo.
Ukuba umntwana wakho wayeseqeshwe okanye achithe ixesha kwiNICU, kusenokwenzeka ukuba wafumana ezinye iindlela zokungenelela apha ngasentla okanye ube nexesha le-hypothyroidism. Abasebenzi be-NICU baya kwenza uvavanyo olulodwa lwePKU phambi kokungenelela okucwangcisiweyo, kwaye uvavanyo oluphinda luya kufuna ukutsalwa emva kwexesha. Uvavanyo oluphinda luya kunceda ukunquma ukuba i-hypothyroidism iyakufuneka iphathwe.
Iintsana ezinokuqala zifumana iimvavanyo zabo zokuphinda kwiNICU. Ukuba unesithuba somntwana owayeseNICU ixesha elifutshane, cela umntwanantwana ukuba uvavanyo lwePKU luya kuphinda luphindwe, kwaye nini.
Kuthekani ukuba uVavanyo lweNtshontsha yokuVavanya / Uvavanyo lwe-PKU luhle?
Ukuba iskrini sakho esitsha esasisandul 'umntwana sinobuhle ku-PKU okanye kwenye i-disorder, ukuhlolwa kokulandela kuya kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ezinye iziphumo zokuvavanya ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ziyimpembelelo-enyanisekileyo, ngoko umntwana wakho akanako ukufumana ingxaki yokukhankanya. Ukuba i-disorder ichongwa, unyango luza kuxutyushwa kwaye luqaliswe.
Imithombo:
UBryant, uKristin RN BSN MSN; Amacilongo, iKimberly RNC, iNNP, PHD; Longo, Nicola MD, PhD; Schiefelbein, Julieanne MappSc, RNC, MA, RM, PNP, NNP. "I-Primer kwi-Screening entsha." Ukuqhubela phambili ngoNyaka ka- Okthoba 2004; 4, 306-317.
Matshi weDimes. Uvavanyo olutsha olutsha.
Matshi weDimes. "Amazwe Yandisa iNew Screening for Life-Threatening Disorders."