Yintoni eqhelekileyo, Yintoni engavumelekanga, kwaye Kutheni
Uhlalutyo lomhla luvavanyo lokubaluleka olubalulekileyo lwezithandane ezingenamntwana, kwaye uvavanyo lufanele lwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba nayiphi na imithi (nangona "i- clomid nje") imiselwe. Amadoda amaninzi anenkxalabo malunga novavanyo - kwaye kamva, phezu kweziphumo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuchaza iziphumo zakho kuwe, kwaye kuba iilbs ezahlukeneyo kunye noogqirha bangasebenzisa izigaba ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo, oko ugqirha wakho akujonga njengesiqhelo okanye engaqhelekanga kunokungafani noko ufumanisa kweli nqaku nakwezinye iindawo kwi-intanethi.
Ngaloo nto yathi, nakhu izifo zempilo zezilwanyana zivandlakanywa ngokuhlalutya kwesisu, ixabiso laso eliqhelekileyo ngokwemiqathango ye-World Health Organisation 2010, kwaye ziphi iziphumo ezingavumelekanga.
Izikhokelo zeZizwe zezeMpilo zisekelwe kuma-percentile, asekelwe kwiqela lamadoda abelethe abantwana ngonyaka okanye ngaphantsi. Amanqaku amkelekileyo alandelayo amele i-percentile yesi-5 yeli qela. Ngamanye amagama, ngaphantsi kwama-5 ekhulwini lamadoda abelethe umntwana kunyaka odlulileyo, wayenomzimba weerameterri ezingqinelana nezantsi.
| Parameter | Imilinganiselo engaphantsi |
|---|---|
| Ivolumu yomsindo (ml) | 1.5 (1.4 ukuya ku-1.7) |
| Inani lobuninzi lobisi (10 ^ 6) | 39 (33 ukuya ku-46) |
| Ukuxinwa kwe-Sperm (10 ^ 6 / ml) | 15 (12 ukuya ku-16) |
| I-motility iyonke (ipesenti) | 40 (38 ukuya ku-42) |
| Inkqubela phambili (ipesenti) | 32 (31 ukuya ku-34) |
| Ubuninzi (ipesenti) | 58 (55 ukuya ku-63) |
| I-sperm morphology (ipesenti) | 4 (3 ukuya ku-4) |
Oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ukuba nenani elibhetele okanye elibi alithethi ukuba uya kuba okanye akayi kukwazi ukuzala umntwana. Iiparameter zamaduna zikhokelo nje zokuqwalasela xa uphando malunga noko kunokubangela ukungabikho.
Umqulu we-Ejaculate Volume
Iyintoni : Ubunzima bwakhiwa nje ngaphezu kwesidoda.
Enyanisweni, ngaphantsi kwama-5 ekhulwini leesilwane zenziwe ngedoda.
Isilwane esinempilo siquka umbane ovela kwii-testes (apho i-sperm ivela khona), ukusuka kwi-vesicles vesin (kubandakanya izondlo ezibalulekileyo kwi-sperm), kwi-prostate gland (equka i-zinc-rich fluid ukugcina ukuzinza kwe-DNA ye-sperm) , kunye neengqungquthela ze-bulbourethral (eziqulethe i-mucus ukuze incedise inambuzane ibhukude).
Yintoni ekuthethwa ngayo eqhelekileyo : Inja evamile ejaculate iphakathi kwe-1.5 milliliters ukuya kuma-milliliters ama-milliliters. Oku malunga nesinye kwisithathu sepaspoon ukuya ngaphantsi kweyipuni.
Yintoni enokuba yinto engalunganga ngayo xa iziphumo zingavumelekanga : Umthamo we-semen ophantsi ungabangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-vas deferens (umzila othabatha isidoda ukusuka kwamathambo kwi-urethra), ukungabikho okanye ukuvalwa kwe-vesicle, ukuhlaziywa kwesithuba sokunciphisa umzimba okanye ukungalingani kwamahomoni.
Umthamo ophantsi ungaphinda ubangelwe uxinzelelo kuvavanyo . (Thetha ugqirha wakho ukuba oko kuyinyani kuwe.) Umthamo ophezulu ngokungaqhelekanga ungabangela ukuvuvukala kweengqungquthela zokuzala.
Iyonke Inombolo yeSipro
Yintoni : Yiyo inani elipheleleyo lomdaka elitholakalayo kwisampuli yesondlo esinikeziwe.
Yintoni ekucingwa ngayo eqhelekileyo : malunga ne-39,000,000 (okanye 39 x 10 ^ 6) isidoda nge-ejaculate ithathwa njengomlinganiselo ophantsi owamkelekileyo.
Ukuba nesibalo esingaphantsi kwesigqirha sobusiki ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-oligospermia. Ukuba akukho nxalenye yesininzi ifunyenwe, oku kubizwa ngokuba yiyo azoospermia.
Yintoni enokuba yinto engalunganga ngayo ukuba iziphumo eziqhelekileyo : Ukuba nesibalo sembewu esincinane singabonisa iingxaki ezininzi, kubandakanya i- varicocele , ukusuleleka, iingxaki ezingapheliyo okanye ezingafumanekiyo zifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela okanye isifo se-celiac , iingxaki zokunyuka kwezinto ezifana ne- retrograde ejaculation , iingxaki zokuhamba, ukungalingani kwe-hormone, kunye nokuvezwa kwezinto ezinobuthi.
Ukubalwa kwamaninzi okungaqhelekanga nako kubangelwa ngamachiza athile, ukugula kwangoku kuhambisane nomkhuhlane ophezulu, kunye nokutyalwa kwe-scrotum ukutshisa (njengesibhakabhaka eshushu).
Ukubhema, ukukhuluphala, kunye nokudakwa ngokweqile kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokubalwa kwesidoda. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isisombululo sembewu esezantsi asifumaneki.
I-Azoospermia inokubangelwa yinkinga yokudoba, ukungalingani kwe-hormonal, okanye ingxaki ngeemvavanyo.
Udidi lweMbewu
Yiyiphi : Ukuxinwa kwe-sperm iyinani lesidoda esitholakalayo kwi-milliliter ye-semen.
Yintoni ekucingwa ukuba iyinto evamile : Kufuneka ukuba ubuncinane ama-15,000,000 (okanye i-15 x 10 ^ 6) isidoda nge-millimeter.
Yintoni enokuba yinto engalunganga ngayo xa iziphumo zingavumelekanga : Ukuxinwa kwe-sperm ephantsi kunokuba yinxalenye yesibalo esiphezulu se-sperm, okanye ingahambelana nomthamo ophezulu we-ejaculate. Jonga ngasentla ukuze uthole ngaphezulu kule micimbi mibili.
Motility
Yiyiphi i- Motility yipesenti yesidoda eshukumisayo. Ukuze utyalo lube khona, i-sperm kufuneka ibhukude i- tracttive tract tract to meet the egg. Ukukwazi ukubhukuda kwindawo eya kuyo kubalulekile. Ingqungquthela yeentlondi ibhekisela kuyo nayiphi na inkuthalo, ngelixa i-motility progression ibhekisela ekuhambeni phambili kwimizila okanye kwisibonda esikhulu.
Yintoni ecingwa njengeyesiqhelo : Ubuncinane ubuncinane ama-40 embewu yesidoda kufuneka ishukunywe, kwaye ubuncinane ubunamaphesenti angama-32 kufuneka ibhukude ngokuhamba phambili okanye kwiindidi ezinkulu.
Yintoni enokuba yinto engalunganga ngayo xa iziphumo zingavumelekanga: I-Asthenozoospermia yinto esetyenziselwa ukunyanzelisa umdaka . Ubuncwane besilisa bunokubangela ukugula, imithi ethile, ukunqongophala kwesondlo, okanye imiphumo yezempilo engafanelekanga njengokutshaya. Uninzi lwezimbangela ze-sperm count count zingabangela ukuba iimeko ezingekho kakuhle. (Jonga ngasentla.) Ngokuqhelekileyo isizathu asifumaneki.
Ukukhubazeka okanye Ubuninzi
Yiyiphi : Ukusebenza kwesibalo kubhekisela kwipesenteji yesidoda esiphilayo kwisampuli yesilwanyana. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukulinganisela ukuba isistim se-sperm sezantsi sihluke phakathi kwendawo yokuphila engekho-motile kunye nesidoda esifa.
Yintoni ecingwa njengeyesiqhelo : ubuncinane ubuncinane iipesenti ezingama-58 zeselu zesinambuzane.
Yintoni enokuba yinto ephosakeleyo xa iziphumo zingavumelekanga : i- Necrozoospermia yigama elisetyenzisiweyo xa zonke izilwanyana zesampuli zesityalo zifile. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezizathu ze-necrozoospermia, kubandakanya ezininzi zezinto ezifanayo ezinokubangela ukubala kwe-sperm ephantsi. (Jonga ngasentla.)
Ukusebenzisa i-lubricant-non-fertility-lubricant ekhuselekileyo okanye iikhondom eziqhelekileyo kunokubulala umdaka, nokuba ngaba zingenayo i-spermicide. Qinisekisa ukutyhila ugqirha wakho ukuba usebenzisa i-lubricant okanye ikhondom rhoqo ukuvelisa isampuli yakho yesilwanyana. Kukho iibluegrants ezivunyiweyo zentsebenzo kunye namakhondom akhethekileyo atholakalayo ukuqokelela iesampula zeesel. Buza udokotela wakho ngolwazi olungakumbi.
Morphology
Yiyintoni: I-sperm morphology ibhekisela kwimilo yeselwane sesinambuzane. Uchwepheshe webhanki uhlolisisa isampula yesidoda, ukhangele ukuba abone ukuba yeyiphi ipesenti eneemeko eziqhelekileyo. Intloko, phakathi kwecandelo kunye nomsila zivavanywa, kunye nemilinganiselo kunye nobukhulu phakathi komntu ngamnye.
Ngaphambi ko-2010, iMbutho YezeMpilo Yomhlaba yayinemfuno eyahlukeneyo yesidoda ukuba ibhekwe "ngokuqhelekileyo" ngesimo. Iibhanki ziye zavavanya i-sperm morphology ngokwemiqathango ye-WHO, okanye into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Kruger.
Nangona kunjalo, izikhokelo ze-WHO zango-2010 zikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweenqobo zeKruger, ezisekelwe kuphando lukaDkt. TF Kruger kunye noDkt R. Menkeveld. Thetha kugqirha wakho ukuba ufumane ukuba basebenzisa i-WHO okanye i-criteria yeKruger.
Yintoni ekucingwa ngayo eqhelekileyo : ubuncinane iipesenti ezi-4 kufuneka zibe nesimo esifanelekileyo.
Yintoni enokuba yinto engalunganga ngayo xa iziphumo zingavumelekanga: iTatatozoospermia yigama elisetyenziselwa i-sperm morphology. I-spor morphology ye-sperm ingaba yimbangela yezinto ezifanayo ezinokubangela ukubala kwama-sperm. (Jonga ngasentla.)
I-sperm morphology ayiqondwa kakuhle, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ukuvavanya kuthobekile, amanqaku angatshintshwa kwisampuli enye ye-semen, kwi-lebhu efanayo, usebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo zokufaka amanqaku. Ukuba i-sperm morphology yodwa yinto engavamile, kodwa zonke ezinye iiparamitha zemizimba ziwela kwimida eqhelekileyo, ngoko ukuzala komntu kunokuthi kuqwalaselwe ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ukupheka
Yiyiphi : Xa isilwanyana sitshintshiwe, sinqabile kwaye sinama-gelatin. Oku kukukunceda ukuhambelana nomlomo wesibeleko . Ekugqibeleni umlenze uphazamise ukuvumela ukuba isidoda sibheke kangcono.
Yintoni ecingwa njengeyesiqhelo : Imbewu ifanele idibanise kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwe-30 yokunyuka.
Yintoni enokuba yinto engalunganga ngayo xa iziphumo zingekho ngokwemvelo : Ukudakishwa kwexesha elidlulileyo kungabonisa ingxaki ngeprotrate, i-vesicle vesicles, okanye iingqungquthela ze-bulbourethral, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-male glands.
Ukuba ukulibaziseka kwenzeka, ugqirha wakho unokulandelelana kunye novavanyo lwe-post-coital (PCT). Olu vavanyo lokuvuna luvandlakanya umlenze womfazi wesondo emva kokulala ngesondo. Ukuba i-sperm ifumaneka kwaye ihamba ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhawuleza ukulibazisa akuqwalasele ingxaki.
Imini pH
Yintoni eyiyo: I-pen i-pH imilinganiselo yendlela i-acidic okanye i-alkaline isilwane ngayo. I-seminal vesicle fluid kufuneka ibe ne-alkaline eninzi, ngelixa i-prostate fluids ifanele ibe namandla ngakumbi. Ngokudibeneyo, balinganisela ngaphandle kwimbuni.
Imbewu enamandla kakhulu ingabulala isidoda okanye ithintele ukuchumisa.
Yintoni ecingwa njengeyesiqhelo : Inambuzane kufuneka ibe ne-pH enkulu kune-7.2. Okwangoku, akukho mvumelwano malunga nokuba isityalo se-alkaline sinokuchaphazela njani ukuzala, kwaye ngoko akukho mda ophezulu wepH ngokwemiqathango ye-WHO.
Yintoni enokuba yinto engalunganga ngayo ukuba iziphumo eziqhelekanga : Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-pH ephantsi ihamba kunye nezinye izilinganiso ezingavamile, kubandakanya umthamo ophantsi weesini okanye inani eliphantsi lokubala. Oku kunokubhekisela kumngcipheko okanye ukungabikho kwee-deferens.
Iigciwane zegazi elimhlophe (WBC)
Yintoni eyiyo : Amaseli egazi amhlophe yiiseli ezilwa nosulelo emzimbeni. Zonke izilwanyana ziquka amaseli egazi ezimhlophe.
Yintoni ecingelwa ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo : Inani le-white cell count must be less than 1,000,000 per milliliter ye-semen, okanye i-1.0 x 10 ^ 6 nge-ml.
Yintoni enokuba yinto engalunganga ngayo xa iziphumo zingavumelekanga : Inani eliphezulu kunama-white cell cell count libizwa ngokuba yi-leukocytospermia, kwaye lingabonisa intsholongwane. I-Bacterospermia yilapho amazinga amaninzi amabhaktheriya atholakala kwi-semen.
Nangona kunjalo, amanye amadoda angenayo i-leukocytospermia kwaye ayinayo nayiphi na intsholongwane echaphazelekayo okanye ukukhubazeka komntu. Nakuphi na ukusukela kwi-5 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini lamadoda evivinywayo unokufunyanwa ukuba ne-leukocytospermia. Kukho inkolelo yokuba esinye isizathu esinokubangela ukuba i- bacterospermia ingathatyathwa ngamayeza angamayeza , nangona oku kungakhange kuqinisekiswe.
Ukuba iziphumo zakho aziqhelekanga
Isiphumo sokuhlalutya kwesilwanyana esingavumelekanga asiyena mqondiso wezinto ezinokukhubazeka zesintu. Ngenxa yokuba ezininzi izinto zingakhokelela kwisiphumo esibi, kuquka ukugula kwangoku okanye ukuxinezeleka kovavanyo, ugqirha wakho uya kuphinda ahlaziye uhlalutyo lwesilwanyana kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
Thetha ugqirha malunga nento omele ulindele ngayo, kwaye qiniseka ukuba uchaze naziphi na izizathu ezibangelwa iziphumo ezibi (kuquka ukugula kwangoku, ukuthanda imichiza echasayo okanye izihlalo zeemoto ezivuthayo, inkathazo yokuvelisa isampuli yohlalutyo kunye nawo onke amayeza ngoku sithatha.)
> Imithombo:
> Sandro C Esteves, uRicardo Miyaoka kunye no-Ashok Agarwal. "Ukuhlaziywa kovavanyo lweklinikhi yindoda engenabantwana." Iikliniki (Sao Paulo) . 2011 Epreli; 66 (4): 691-700. i-doi: 10.1590 / S1807-59322011000400026.
> I- WHO yeLebhu yeeLebhu yeeNzululwazi kunye nokuPhathwa kweBermerm . Uhlobo lwesihlanu.