Okubaluleke kakhulu i-NICU umntwana kufuneka afikelele ngaphambi kokukhutshwa
Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho "umgaqo" ochaza ixesha elide umntwana wakho oza kusengaphambili kufuneka ahlale kuyo kwi- unit nondatal care unit (NICU) . Endaweni yoko, iintshaba zineempawu ezinzima zokudibana nazo ngaphambi kokuba zivunyelwe ukuya ekhaya nabazali bazo.
Uninzi lweintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha zikhutshwe malunga nexesha ebezisele zizalwe, kodwa oku kuyahluka. Ezinye iintsana zikwazi ukuya ekhaya kakuhle phambi kokuba zikulindeleke ukuba zizalwe, ngelixa abanye baya kufuna ukuhlala kakuhle ngaphezu kwemihla yabo efanele.
Ekubeni abazali abaninzi bayazibuza xa umntwana wabo unako ukubuyela ekhaya, kuhle ukuba kukho iindlela ezithile ozozijonga.
Ukuphefumula Ngaphandle kwe-Oxygen
Uninzi lwexesha, iintsana kufuneka zikwazi ukuphefumula umoya ongenawo umoya ngaphandle kokuba zithunyelwe ekhaya ukusuka kwiNICU. Iintshaba ezininzi zifuna uhlobo oluthile lokuxhasa ukuphefumula kungekudala emva kokuzalwa kwaye ezinye iintsana zifuna kuphela i-oksijini engaphezulu.
Iintsana ezincinci okanye ezalwa ngokukhawuleza zisengozini yokugula okungapheliyo okubizwa ngokuba yi-bronchopulmonary dysplasia okanye i-BPD. Le yimeko embi yemiphunga kwaye ezinye iintsana zingavunyelwa ukuya ekhaya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-oxygen nge- canal .
Phuma i-As kunye ne-B
"Njengaye kunye ne-B" zimela i-apnea kunye ne-bradycardia kwaye ziyimpawu zokungcoliswa kwangaphambili. I-Apnea ibhekisela kwixesha apho umntwana eshiya ukuphefumula ngaphezu kwemizuzwana engama-20. Oku kuphefumula kubangele ukuwela kwamanqanaba e-oksijeni ewa, okwenza ukuhla kwezinga lentliziyo (bradycardia).
Ezi "zitsho," njengoko zibizwa rhoqo, ziqheleke kwiintsana ezingekafiki. Phantse isiqingatha seentsana ezizalwe malunga neentsuku ezingama-30 zokuzalwa kwazo. Izinga lihla ukuya kuma-7 ekhulwini xa umntwana efikelela kwiiveki ezingama-34 ukuya kwe-35. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ukungahlanjululwa kwenkqubo yesantya.
Uninzi lwexesha iintsana zigcinwa kwi-NICU de i-A kunye ne-B ziphendule.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba umntwana usenza kakuhle kwaye udibane nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zokukhupha, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokuba no-As kunye no-B, angaya ekhaya kunye nenhliziyo ephathekayo kunye nokujonga ukuphefumula.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba awuyi kuthunyelwa ekhaya ukuba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba izilo zakhe zingabungozi. Ugqirha wengane yakho inokukunika ukhetho lokugcina umntwana wakho kwiNICU ixesha elide okanye uhambe ekhaya kunye nesweni. Ngaloo ndlela, kuya kuba kuwe kwaye ukhululekile kangakanani ukubeka iliso kwintsana yakho.
Thatha zonke izidlo ngomlomo
Iintsana ezisemgangathweni azizinzileyo njengezithuba zexesha elipheleleyo kwaye azikwazi ukulungelelanisa ukusondeza nokugwinya kuze kube malunga nama-32 ukuya kuma-34 kweeveki zeminyaka yobudala . Iintsana ezininzi ezingaphambi kokusondeza zondliwa ngesondlo esipheleleyo se-parenteral ( TPN , i-IV fluid) ekuqaleni. Bondliwa ke ngokusebenzisa ityhubhu yokutya baze baqine ngokwaneleyo ukusela kwibele okanye kwibhotile.
Ininzi ye-NICU ifuna ukubona umntwana kungekhona nje ukuzuza ubunzima kwiindawo zokutya ezihleliweyo kodwa akwazi ukwenza njalo kwi- shed al shedyuli (ukondla xa umntwana elambile kunokuba iwashi). Oku kufuthi kwenzeke malunga neeyure ezingama-37 zokunyuka, nangona ezinye iintsana-ingakumbi abo banazo iingxaki zokuphefumula-zingathatha ixesha elide.
Ukongezelela, ezinye iintsana zithunyelwa ekhaya nge- tube ye-NG okanye i- G-tube .
Gcina iHlawulelo eliHla
Ekuqaleni, iintsana ezininzi ezingaphambi kwexesha kufuneka zilale kwi- incubator ukuze zihlale zifudumele. Le yilezi zixhobo ezifakwe kunye nedome ecacileyo eneqonga elivuthayo apho abantwana balala khona. Iintsana ezinokuqala azikwazi ukugcina zifudumele kunye neentsana ezizeleyo kwaye ziza kubanda kakhulu xa zingenakunyaka kwesikhumba kwinkathalo yekangaroo okanye igcinwe kwi-incubator.
Ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe ekhaya, umntwana kufuneka akwazi ukugcina ukushisa komzimba wakhe kwisibhedlele esivulekile. Ixesha apho umntwana wakho akwazi ukwenza oku kuya kuxhomekeka kuninzi kwisisindo sakhe kuneminyaka yobudala.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintshaba zikwazi ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba xa ziba malunga neekhilo ezili-4.
Ukugqithisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo
Ukongezelela ekufezeni iimfuno ezikhankanywe ngasentla, iimvavanyo ezithile zokuhlola izakufuneka ngaphambi kokuba uthathe umntwana wakho ekhaya. Ezi zibandakanya uvavanyo lokuvavanya (mhlawumbi ukukhishwa kwe-otoacoustic okanye i-automated auditory test response response system), ukuhlola isitifiketi sokuphepha kwenqwelo, ukuhlolwa kwe- hyperbilirubinemia , kunye nokuhlolwa kwesifo senhliziyo.
Ukuba umntwana wakho ulunge kodwa engakulungeli ukubuyela ekhaya, unokuqala ukuya kwinto ekuthiwa yi-nursery-down downery.
Funda iNkcazo ebalulekileyo
Ngaphambi kokuba uchithe, qiniseka ukuba ufunda ukuvuselelwa kwe-cardiopulmonary (CPR), ngoko uyazi ukuba wenzeni xa imeko yongxamiseko. Ukongezelela, uya kufumana imfundo eqhelekileyo eyenziwa ngeintsana ezizeleyo. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukufundisa ngokusondeza, ukuphelisa, ukufumana ubunzima, nokunye.
Xoxa nodokotela wengane okanye umongikazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyazi kakuhle indlela onokunyamekela ngayo umntwana wakho xa ufika ekhaya. Buza nayiphi na imibuzo onayo, uze ufumane ukuba unako "ukulala" kunye nomntwana wakho ngobusuku bokugqibela okanye ezimbini ukufumana ukuxhoma kwezinto.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Yonke into yokuqala iya kuhluka, ngoko themba abasebenzi be-NICU xa umntwana wakho elungele ukubuyela ekhaya. Qinisekisa ukuba abayi kuthumela ekhaya ngaphambi kokuba ukhululekile ukulawula zonke iinkxalabo ezingaphezulu kwezinto zokunyamekela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa.
Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho abuyele ekhaya, qiniseka ukuba ufumane inkqubo yakho yokuxhasa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuza ekhaya umntwana osengumntwana usenokukhathazeka kwaye unokuziva ukhululekile xa uhlala wedwa emva komsebenzi weNICU. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba uninzi lweintsana ezishiya i-NICU zikhula zibe ngabantwana abaphilileyo.
> Imithombo:
> I-Aagaard H, u-Uhrenfeldt L, iSpliid M, kunye noFeran L. Iingxelo zabazali zokutshintshwa xa iintsana zabo zikhutshwa kwiNyunithi yokuNakekelwa kweNonatal Intensive: Iprotocol yoHlolo lokuHlola. Idatha ye-JBI yeSigqibo seSikweni kunye neeNgxelo zeNtsebenzo . 2015. 13 (10): 123-32. i-doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2287.
> Kliegman RM, Stanton B, St Geme JW, Schor NF, Behrman RE, uNelson WE. Ncwadana yeeNzululwazi. 20th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015.
> Quinn, J., Sparks, M., noS S. Gephart. Imigaqo yokukhutshwa kweNtsana yokuQala ngaphambi kweNtsana: Ukuhlaziywa kweeNcwadi. Ukuphucula ukuNakekelwa kweNonatal . Ngo-2017 kuMbasa wama-24. Kwinqanaba: 10.1097 / i-ANC.0000000000000406.