Uhlobo lweemvavanyo zangaphambi kokubeleka ezingakwazi ukufumana iziganeko ezithile.
I-amniocentesis, ehlala ifutshane ukuya ku-amnio, luvavanyo lokuhlola oluqhelekileyo lwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 ukuya kwe-20 zokukhulelwa. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukususa inani elincinci le- amniotic fluid (i-fluid ejikeleze umntwana okhulayo) ukusuka kwisibeleko. I-amniotic fluid ingavavanywa ukuba iqinisekise ukuba i-fetus ineentlobo ezithile zeziphene ze-chromosomal.
Yintoni eyenzekayo ngexesha lama-Amniocentesis?
Ngethuba le-amniocentesis, i-ultrasound isetyenziselwa ukubona ngeso silwanyana.
Emva koko, inaliti encinci kakhulu ifakwe kwisisu esezantsi kunye nesixa esincinci (malunga neyunithi enye) ye-amniotic fluid isuswa.
I-amniotic fluid iqulethe iiseli ze-skin yolusane eziye zanyuka kwaye zijikeleza kwi-amniotic fluid. Ezi seli zesikhumba zithathwa kwi-laboratory kwaye uvavanyo lwekaryotype lwenziwa ukuze lunikeze umfanekiso we-chromosomes yabantwana. Uvavanyo lwe-Fluorescence in hybridation (FISH) luya kwenziwa kwakhona.
Uphi uvavanyo lwe-Amniocentesis?
Ngokubanzi, iimvavanyo ze-amniocentesis ezintweni ezintathu:
- i-chromosome engavumelekanga njenge-Down syndrome
- iziphene ze-neural tube ezifana ne-spina bifida kunye ne-anencephaly
- izifo zofuzo ezizuze njengefa njenge-cystic fibrosis, i-sickle cell anemia kunye ne-Tay-Sachs
Bobabini uvavanyo lwe-FISH kunye ne-karyotyping lihlalutya ngokucacileyo i-chromosomes ye-fetus ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingaba umntwana okanye i-trisomy. I-Down syndrome, ebizwa ngokuba yi-trisomy 21, yinto engavamile kakhulu ye-chromosome kwaye ibangelwa ukuba ikopi eyongezelelweyo ye-chromosome 21.
Uvavanyo lwe-FISH alukunikezi umfanekiso opheleleyo lwawo onke ama-chromosomes ebantwaneni, kodwa unokukunika impendulo ngokukhawuleza malunga nama-trismi. Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-FISH ziyafumaneka kwiintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2. I-karyotype ithatha ixesha elide (ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu), kodwa ikunika ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga ne-chromosomes yabantwana.
I-amniocentesis iphinda ivivinye nezinye iimeko ezingavumelekanga eziquka i-trisomy 18 ne-trisomy 13. Uvavanyo luvala ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-99 zazo zonke i-chromosome ezingaqhelekanga. Ukongezelela, iimvavanyo ze-amniocentesis zokukhubazeka kwe-tube neural, ezifana ne-spina bifida kunye ne-anencephaly, ngokulinganisa iprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), efumana iipesenti ezingama-96 zazo zonke iziphene ze-neural tube.
Oko kuthethwa, akukho amniocentesis okanye i- chorionic villi sampling (CVS) inokuvavanya zonke iziphoso zokuzalwa. Ngoko xa iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezivela kwi-amniocentesis ziyaqinisekisa, aziqinisekisi ukuba umntwana uya kuba nempilo.
Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nesifo esithile somzimba, ungafuna ukubuza ugqirha wakho okanye umcebisi wezofuzo ukuba uvavanyo lwezithuba zokubeletha lufumaneka kule ngxaki.
Ukufumana i-Amniocentesis
Abaninzi abasetyhini bayamangaliswa yindlela intlungu ye-amniocentesis ayibuhlungu ngayo. Nangona abanye abesifazana abanengcinezelo engaxakaliyo okanye ukunyaniseka kwenkqubo, abaninzi abaziveki ntlungu. Inkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo ikhawuleza, kwaye i-ultrasound isetyenziswe kuyo yonke inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwimeko yengane kwaye ukuqinisekisa ukuba inaliti ayithinti umntwana.
Xa ufumana iziphumo ze-amniocentesis yakho, kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho okanye neengcali ze-genetics malunga neziphumo zakho.
Kubalulekile ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo, olusisiseko sokufika malunga naluphi na ukuxilongwa ofumanayo kwi-amniocentesis.
Ngaba i-Amniocentesis ihluke njani kwi-Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS)?
Iimniocentesis zombini kunye ne-chorionic villi sampling zihlola iimvavanyo zangaphambi kokubeletha kwaye kufuneka ufumane enye yale nkqubo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nangona zombini iimvavanyo zinikeza ulwazi malunga ne-chromosomes yabantwana, kukho ukungafani okubalulekileyo phakathi kweenkqubo.
I-amniocentesis ihluke kwisampuli ye-chorionic villi (CVS) ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Isikhathi - I-amniocentesis yenziwa kamva xa ukhulelwe, ngelixa lesibini li-trimester. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa phakathi kweveki ezi-15 ukuya kwe-20 zokukhulelwa. Uvavanyo lwe-CVS, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lwenziwa kwi-trimester yokuqala, phakathi kweeveki ezi-10 ukuya kwe-13 zokukhulelwa.
- Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo - I-amniocentesis kunye ne-chorionic villi sampling izokunika umfanekiso we-chromosomes ye-fetal eya kuhlola i-Down syndrome ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba i-99 ekhulwini ichanekile. Nangona kunjalo, nge-amniocentesis, into ebizwa ngokuba yi- alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) iphinda ilinganiswe. Umlinganiselo we-AFP kwi-amniotic fluid inokukunceda ukuba ufumane ukuba umntwana okhulelweyo unesiphene se-neural tube ezifana ne-spina bifida okanye i-anencephaly.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, i-amniocentesis yayicinga ukuba inomngcipheko omncinci wokukhulelwa kwesisu ngokuthelekiswa neCVS. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kuyaziwa ukuba umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu ngenxa yale nkqubo ifana ne-low-about 1/300 ukuya ku-1/500, xa kwenziwa ngumntu onamava emibini.
> Imithombo:
> Ikholeji yase-American College of Obstetricians kunye neGynecologists (ACOG). (Septemba 2015). Iimvavanyo zokuxilongwa zokuLawulwa koNzala.