Uvavanyo lweZingenangqondo ezingenakuvakalayo (NIPT) yindlela yokukhumbuza ezinye izifo eziphathekayo ngokujonga igazi likaMama. Unokuva kwakhona kuthiwa yi-non-invasive screening before (NIPS). Le nto yinto efanayo. Olu vavanyo lusebenza ngokufumana inani elincinane le-DNA yomntwana ejikeleza emzimbeni wegazi lomama, obizwa ngokuba yi-DNA ye-cell free okanye i-cfDNA. Igazi litsalwa ngendlela efana nayo nayiphi na enye yomsebenzi welebhu ithatyathwa kwaye ithunyelwe kubhobho ukuya kwisikrini kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo zofuzo.
Kukho iimvavanyo ezimbalwa ezinikelwayo-olu vavanyo oya kunikwa luya kuxhomekeka kwibrabhu eyenziwa ngugqirha wakho. Amanye amagama ahlolisayo afaka:
- Harmony
- MaterniT21 Plus
- VisabiliT
- Panaorama
IVerifi
Ngubani Omele Ayenze?
I-American College of Obstetricians kunye ne-Gynecologists (ACOG) ngoku ikhuthaza ukuhlolwa kofuzo nge-screening (NIPT) okanye uvavanyo lokuhlola (i-amniocentesis okanye i-chorionic villus sampling), kuwo onke amabhinqa akhulelweyo.
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uncoma ukuba uhlolwe, ungakhathazeki. Akubalulekanga kuba uyakrokreka into engalunganga. Ngokwesiko, ezi ntlobo zeemvavanyo kunye nokuphononongwa zacetyiswa kuphela kubafazi ababengaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu okanye abanembali yentsapho yesifo somzimba. Iingcebiso zandiswa ukuba zibandakanye ootata abadala. Ngoku ukuhlolwa kukukhuselekileyo kwaye kufumaneka ngokulula, ngoko ke banconywa kakhulu.
Enye into yokuba ezinye iintsapho azicingi ngaphambili kusenzeka ntoni ukuba ukuvavanya kulungile, kubonisa ukuba ukukhulelwa kwakho kwingozi yobunzima bemfuyo.
Le nto ingxoxo esiyakukukhuthaza ukuba ube nayo kunye neqabane lakho. Enye into ebalulekileyo ukuba uyikhumbule kukuba le mvavanyo ithathwa njengesivivinyo sokuhlola, oko kuthetha ukuba banokukuxelela nje ngomngcipheko okhulayo wengane yakho eneengxaki zomzimba, kungekhona ukuba kubakho ukubonakala kwezinto eziphilayo. Uya kufuneka ube novavanyo lokuxilonga ngokuphendula ngokucacileyo malunga nesimo somzimba wengane yakho.
Qaphela ukuba xa ukhuluphele okanye ukhuluphele ngokugqithiseleyo, kukho ingozi eyongeziweyo yokuba uvavanyo aluyi kusebenza kuwe, oluthetha ukuba akukho siphumo sinikwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba le nto ayinakuba yinkcenkceshe ngakumbi kuwe ukuba ungaphezu kwamakhulu amabini anamanci amahlanu. I-NIPT ingaba nemida xa ukhulelwe ngamawele okanye ezinye iziphindaphindi.
Uyenza nini na?
Unokuqala ukusebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-NIPT nje ngeveki yesithoba emva kokukhulelwa kwakho. Ngokufanelekileyo, le ngxoxo iza kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza xa ukhulelwa, kuquka ukutyelelwa kwakho kokuqala kokubeletha . Eli thuba linika ixesha elide lokuxubusha ukuba zeziphi iindlela ozikhethayo zokuhlolisisa zisekelwe kwimbali yakho yezobugqirha kunye neyentsapho, kunye nethuba lokusebenzisa amathuba okuhlola okuqala oku-trimester, njengovavanyo lwe-nuchal lwe-fold kunye ne-ultrasound.
Yintoni Eyicingayo?
Ezi zibuko zikhangelelana kuphela nezifo eziqhelekileyo zendalo. Qaphela ukuba kunye neemveliso ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-NIPT zikhoyo, ngamnye unokuba nepaneli ekhethekileyo yento ekukhangela ngayo kwibra. Nantsi into enokwenzeka ukuba ifakwe kuvavanyo:
- Down Syndrome (trisomy 21)
- I-Edwards Syndrome (i-trisomy 18)
- I-Patau Syndrome (i-trisomy 13)
Kukho nezinye izinto ezinye i-NIPTs eza kukuxelela.
Oku kungabandakanya isimo se-Rh yakho yengane , isondo somntwana wakho, njl. Nangona oku kuyahluka kuye kuxhomekeke kuvavanyo olusebenza ngalo.
Ichanekile Kangakanani?
Ukuba ubuza kubheka izibhengezo zelabhoratri ngamnye ngokwenza uvavanyo oluthile, baqhele ukucaphula amanqanaba aphezulu okuchaneka. Oku kudukisa abantu abaninzi kuba ukuvavanywa okwenziwe ukujonga ukuchaneka kwenzelwe kubemi abanomlinganiselo ophezulu weengxaki zobomi. Oku kuthetha ukuba akunakwenzeka njengento evulekayo kubemi abafazi abakhulelweyo. Asinakukwazi ukuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba njani neengxaki zemfuyo ukuba unesicingo sokuhlola ukujonga.
Yintoni ezayo emva kweNIPT?
Ukuba unesivivinyo se-NIPT esibuya kwakhona esibonisa ukuba umntwana wakho unokufumana ingxaki yemfuza, uya kucebisa. Olu luleko luya kuba luquka ingxoxo ngokude kunye nomcebisi wezakhi zofuzo oluya kwimbali yakho yonyango kunye neyonyango kwaye uchaze ukuba zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezikhoyo. Ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, isampuli ye-chorionic villus (CVS) isetyenzisiwe kwaye emva kweveki ezilishumi elinesine, ungenza amniocentesis.
Ezi ziqwalaselwa njengemvavanyo yokuxilongwa kunokuhlola iimvavanyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba baya kunika ukuxilongwa kunokubonakalisa ukuba yintoni umngcipheko wokuba usana oluneengxaki zofuzo. Ezi mvavanyo zichaneke ngakumbi, kodwa ziza neengozi encinci yokukhulelwa. Ngomnikezeli onamava, umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu emva kwezi mvavanyo u-0.1 ukuya ku-0.3 ekhulwini ngokwe-ACOG. Lo mngcipheko uyazimelela ngokuxilongwa kwe-genetic anomaly.
Olunye uvavanyo lweGenesis
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-NIPT ayikhenkceli iziphene ze-neural ezifana ne-spina bifida okanye i-anencephaly. Ngako oko-ke i- trimester i-screenings kunye ne-ultrasound kunye / okanye i- serum-alpha-protein-protein (i-MSAFP) kufuneka isinikezelwe kubazali. Abanye abazali banokukhetha ukunqumla iimvavanyo zokuhlola i-genetic, bakhetha ukuya ngqo kwiimvavanyo zokuxilongwa, ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ukuthetha nogqirha okanye umbeleki malunga nezinto ozikhethayo, imbali yakho yezokwelapha, kunye nezinye izinto ezibandakanya oko ungathanda okanye ungenakukwenza xa ufumana ukuxilongwa kwegazi, kuya kunceda ukuba ube nencoko kwaye ukhethe indlela efanelekileyo kuwe kunye intsapho.
Ukukhethwa kwe-Notictic Testing
Ezinye iintsapho ziya kwenza isigqibo sokweqa ukuhlolwa kofuzo, nokuba ngaba uvavanyo lokuhlola okanye ukuvavanya uvavanyo. Udokotela wakho akafanele azame ukukuphoqa ukuba enze enye ikhetho, kodwa ingxoxo kufuneka ibe neenzuzo kunye neengozi zazo zonke iindlela. I-ACOG, i-American Academy of Nurses Midwives (ACNM), kunye neminye imibutho yezobugqirha yonke inkxaso inkxaso yakho yokunqanda ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kofuzo.
> Imithombo:
> Allyse M, Minear MA, Berson E, Sridhar S, Rote M, Hung A, Chandrasekharan S. Ukuhlolwa kokungaphangeli komntwana: ukuhlaziywa kokuphunyezwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nemingeni. Int J Womens Health. 2015; 7: 113-126. Ishicilelwe kwi-intanethi ngo-2015 uJan 16. i-doi: 10.2147 / IJWH.S67124.
> Ikholeji yase-American College of Obstetricians kunye neKomiti yeGynecologists kwi-Genetics kunye noMbutho weMithi yokuThatyelwa kwabantwana. I-Opinion yekomiti No. 640: Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA ye-cell ye-fetal aneuploidy. I-Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2015; 126: e31.
> Gregg AR, i-Gross SJ, i-RG ephezulu, i-Monaghan KG, iBajaj K, i-Skotko BG, i-Thompson BH, i-Watson MS. I-American College of Medical Genetics kunye neGenomics.CACMG isitatimenti malunga nokuhlolwa kokubeleka kwangaphambi kokubeleka komntwana. UGenet Med 15: 395-398; ukupapashwa kwangaphambili kwi-intanethi, ngo-Ephreli 4, 2013; i-doi: 10.1038 / gim.2013.29
> Umbutho weKomiti yokuThintwa kweNtsholongwane kaMama. # 36: Ukuhlolwa kokubeletha kokubeletha usebenzisa i-DNA engenaselula. I-American Journal ye-Obstetrics ne-Gynecology. 2015; 212: 711.