Xa izinto ezibonakala zingenakubungozi ezifana nokucwina okubandayo kunye ne-soft cream zikhangela i-ice cream ngokukhawuleza zibe yimida, ihlabathi lingaba yindawo ekhohlakeleyo yowesifazane okhulelweyo. Abaninzi abakwenzayo kwaye bangenzi nto banokushiya uzive uqaphele ngezinto zonke ozibekayo emzimbeni wakho-kubandakanywa nokugonywa. Kodwa njengamavithamini okubeletha kunye nokuzivocavoca , izitofu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokukhulelwa okunempilo.
Iiglofu ezikhuthaziweyo
Izigulane ezimbini zinconywa ngabafazi abakhulelweyo ngexesha ngalinye lokukhulelwa: umkhuhlane uphendulela kunye neTdap. Bobabini kubalulekile ukugcina kuphela impilo yemama ngexesha nangemva kokukhulelwa kodwa nokukhusela impilo yengane kwisibeleko kunye nelo xesha leenyanga ezimbalwa zobomi.
Uluhlu lweFlu
Phakathi kwabantu abayi-12 000 ukuya ku-56,000 e-United States bafa ngumkhuhlane ngamnye ngonyaka-ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya-kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo basengozini. Ngenxa yendlela indlela umzimba womntu uguquka ngayo kwiiveki ezingama-40 ezikhudlwana, ukukhulelwa kukushiya kakhulu ukusuleleka kwiintsholongwane ezifana nomkhuhlane, kwaye ukuba uyagula, unako ukufumana esibhedlele okanye ufe ngenxa yoko.
Nangona kukho iindlela ezinokuzikhusela ekubeni ugula ngelixa ukhulelwe-njengento yokuhlamba izandla kunye nokutya okunempilo-enye indlela efanelekileyo yokuzikhusela kumkhuhlane kukugonywa.
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufumana umkhuhlane wefriji lusekuqaleni kokuwa ngaphambi kokuba ixesha lomkhuhlane liguqulwe ngokugcwele, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukhulelwe phi.
Ukufumana umkhuhlane udutshulwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukhusela iintsana. Iintsana azifumani umthamo wokuqala wokugonya umkhuhlane kuze kube yilezi zinyanga ezili-6 ubudala. Kuze kube lelo xesha, basengozini yokusuleleka.
Iintsana ezinomama ezigonywe ngexesha lokukhulelwa, nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka kakhulu ukuba zifakwe esibhedlele ngenxa yentsholongwane kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zobomi. Ukuzikhusela ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunciphisa amathuba okugqithisa intsholongwane yakho kwintsana yakho, kodwa umntwana wakho ufumana unomzimba osakhulayo kuwe ngelixa esesibelethweni, esiya kubanceda balwe nentsholongwane xa bevezwe ngeenyanga zabo zokuqala.
I-Tdap Vaccine
Kuyafana ne-Tdap-okanye i-tetanus, i-diphtheria, kunye ne-acellular pertussis -vaccine. Nangona i-pertussis kubantu abadala imdla kakhulu, i-pertussis kwiintsana inokuphazamisa. Iintsana azifumani i-dose yokuqala yokugonywa kwe-pertussis kude kube neenyanga ezi-2 ubudala, kodwa ezo ntsuku ezisibhozo zokuqala ziyixesha elijongene neentsana, ngokukodwa xa zitheleleke nge-pertussis. Phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke iintsana ezingaphantsi komnyaka owodwa kunye ne-pertussis zibhedlele, kwaye malunga nama-20 bafa ngonyaka ngamnye ngenxa yesifo-abaninzi baneminyaka engaphantsi kweenyanga ezintathu. Oomama abakhulelweyo abafumana i-Tdap ngexesha le-trimester yesithathu badlulela kwiintsholongwane ezikhuselekileyo kwiintsana zabo esibelethweni, kwaye ezo nqwelwane zikunceda ekukhuseleni iintsana zize ziqale ukuqwalasela i-pertussis.
Ezinye izitofu
Ezinye izitofu zingaphakanyiswa ukuba unenjongo yokuhamba ngaphandle kwe-United States ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, okanye ukuba unemingcipheko ethile.
Izimo ezinobomi obungapheliyo zingakhuthazwa ukuba zifumane isitofu sokugonywa kwe-Hepatitis A, umzekelo, ngelixa abanye bacwangcisa ukuhamba kwiindawo ezithile ze-Afrika bangadinga ukugonywa kwizifo ze-meningococcal.
Azikho zonke iigcini zokuhamba eziye zaboniswa zikhuselekileyo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, nangona kunjalo kubalulekile ukuba uthethe kumboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye u tyelele ikliniki yokuhamba ngaphambi kokufumana iigonti.
Bungqina bo khu seleko
Akukho gonti-okanye nayiphina imveliso yonyango-i-100 ekhulwini iphephile. Kodwa iziphumo zecandelo lokugonywa zihlala zincinci kwaye zisesigxina, kwaye iimiphumo ezinzima njengeendlela ezinamandla zokusabela eziyingozi ziyinto engaqhelekanga.
Umbuzo obalulekileyo ofunwa ngabo bawenza ishedyuli yokugonywa kukuba ingaba inzuzo yokugonywa iphakanyiswe nayiphi na ingozi eyaziwayo. Yaye yanikezelwa ingozi ebunxulumene nezifo ezinjengomkhuhlane kunye ne-pertussis, uphando lwenze iimeko ezinzulu zokugonywa kwabantwana.
Uphando olulodwa kwiphephancwadi I-Vaccine yenza i-headlines xa abaphandi befumene unxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi komgudu wokugonywa komkhuhlane kunye nokuphulukana nokuphuphuma komzimba , kubangele ukukhathazeka phakathi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo malunga nokuba kufuneka banikwe igonywe malunga nomkhuhlane. Nangona oku kuqondakalayo kuphazamisayo, amaziko okuLawula nokuLawulwa kwezifo-oye waxhaswa ngemali-ngokukhawuleza ukubonisa ukuba abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka baqhubeke begonywa malunga nomkhuhlane. Uphononongo aluzange lunqume ukuba isitofu sokugonywa kwabangelwa sisisu, kodwa kuphela ukuba abafazi abaye baxhwaleka baye bafumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane ku-2010-2011 no-2011-2012.
Izinto ezininzi zingakhokelela ekulahlekeni kokukhulelwa, kwaye ngelixa iziphumo ziqinisekisa ukuba uphando olongezelelweyo, kufuna uphando olungakumbi. Ucwaningo ngokwalo luhlobo lwangaphandle, njengoko uphando olwandulelayo lwabonisa ukukhuselwa komkhuhlane ukukhuseleka xa kunikezelwa kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nokukhusela ukukhusela umkhuhlane.
Ukhuseleko lwe-Tdap lokugonya ngexesha lokukhulelwa liye labhalwa kakuhle, kwaye uphando lubonisa ukuba lukhuselekile kwaye lunempumelelo ekukhuseleni umama kunye nosana oluvela kwi-pertussis. Njengomgudu wokugonya umkhuhlane, iimpembelelo eziqhelekileyo zixhaphaza ingalo, ukukhathala kunye nomkhuhlane. Ukunyamekela ukugonywa kwesigontsho kuyinto engavumelekanga, ngakumbi kubantu abadala.
Ubini umkhuhlane uphendulele kwaye isitofu sokugonywa kweTdap singanikwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha elifanayo okanye ekutyelelweni ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye akunandaba nokuba usandul 'ukutshulwa kwetetus.
Ezinye iifom ye-intanethi kunye neewebhusayithi zipostile ulwazi olungalunganga okanye ulwazi olungalunganga malunga nezithako kwiigciwane, okukhokelela abanye abantwana ukuba bakhathazeke ngokukhuseleko lwabo-ngokukodwa, ukuqhayisa isithintelo se-ethylmercury ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswe ukugcina iigonti ezikhuselekileyo kwi-contamination. Izifo ezincinci kakhulu zisebenzisa eli candelo, kwaye uphando olwenziwa ngophando lwalo mboniso alubonisi ubungqina bungozi kwaye akukho kunyuka kwengozi yomntwana ye-autism. Ukuba unokukhetha ukuphepha ukutshatyalaliswa kwegazi, kunjalo, kukho iinguqu ezingenasiphelo se-gym yokugonya okukhoyo, kwaye ayisetyenziswanga ekudalweni kwegciwane lokukhusela iTdap.
Iigonti zokuPhepha
Nangona izitofu zingenceda, ezinye kufuneka ziphephe-ukuba kunokwenzeka-ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Iigonti ezisetyenziswayo zihlala kodwa zibuthathaka iintsholongwane, umzekelo, ezifana ne-MMR okanye iigloba ze-inkukhu, zithwala ingozi kubantwana kwaye ngoko akufanele zinikezelwe kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.
Ukuba uthe wagonywa ngenye yezi zitofu ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ukhulelwe, ungakhathazeki. Iingcebiso zokuziphepha zona zininzi nje ngokuqapha. Izifundo zijonge amabhinqa azange zichithwe ngentsholongwane yokuphila ngexesha lokukhulelwa afunanga naluphi na ubungqina bengozi kubantwana.
Nangona ungafaneleki ugonywe ngezi zifo ngexesha lokukhulelwa, usenokusuleleka kwaye unenkathazo enzima ngenxa yoko. Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa-kodwa ungakhulelwa okwamanje-qi niqiniseke ukuba uthethe nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga naluphi iigcino omele uyenze ngaphambili ukuze ukhuselwe xa ukhulelwe. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-vacella ye-rubella, njengoko isifo sobhinqa ngexesha lokukhulelwa singabangela iziphene zokuzalwa nokukhulelwa komzimba.
Iigonywa kubahlobo kunye neentsapho
Ukulindela oomama akuzona kuphela ezifanele ukugonywa. Abanye abancinci, abantakwabo, oogogo nomkhulu, kunye nabani na oya kuthethana nomntwana ngexesha leenyanga ezimbalwa zobomi bamele baphinde bafikelele ngokugqibeleleyo kuzo zonke izitofu-kubandakanywa ukutshulwa komkhuhlane wonyaka. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, iindwendwe kufuneka zithathe iigcini zabo ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokudibana umntwana ukuze babe nexesha lokukhusela ngokwaneleyo ukukhuselwa kwezifo.
Ukucela abathandekayo ukuba bagonywe bangaba nzima, ingakumbi ukuba bavakalise ukungabikho kokugonywa kwixesha elidlulileyo. Izibonelelo zifumaneka kumaqela okukhuthaza abazali anjengeeVeki zeZigcino zokukunceda ekukhokeleni kwintetho xa ufumana okanye ukulindele ukuba uphendule. Ngelixa ithemba lokubambisana lingaba nzima, kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokugcina umntwana wakho ukhuseleke ngokusemandleni akho, njengezifo ezininzi-kubandakanywa umkhuhlane kunye nemasisi-kunokusasazeka nangona iimpawu zisezantsi okanye zingekho. Akunjalo zonke izitofu ziphumelele ngamaphesenti angama-100, kungenxa yoko wonke umntu onokugonywa ngokukhuselekileyo kufuneka agonywe.
Igama elivela kwi- Verywell
Ukugonywa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokukhusela impilo yakho kunye nempilo yengane yakho ekhulayo. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye ixhala malunga nemiphumo yecandelo lokugonya okanye ingozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, khuluma nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Izikhokelo Zokugonya Abafazi abakhulelweyo.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Umkhuhlane we-Flu ukhuseleko kunye nokukhulelwa.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Izifo zentsholongwane zomzimba: Icandelo loMzimba okhulelweyo.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. Iziphakamiso ezihlaziyiweyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-tetanus toxoid, ukunciphisa i-diphtheria toxoid kunye ne-acellular pertussis yokugonya (Tdap) kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abanomdla okanye abaxelene nokuthandana ngokusondeleyo kunye nosana oludala
> Grohskopf LA, Sokolow LZ, Umgcini we-Broker KR, et al. Ukuthintela nokuLawula i-Influenza yonyaka kunye neeViccini: Iingcebiso zeKomidi elicebisi malunga neMigudu yokuNgcwaba -United States, 2017-18 I-Influenza Season. I-MMWR Ikhuthaze i-Rep 2017; 66 (Cha. RR-2): 1-20.