50 I-Anti-Vaccine Inths and Misinformation

Iingcamango Ezigcina Abazali Ukunyanga Izingane Zabo

"Ndenze uphando lwam," abazali bahlala bethetha xa bekulungele ukulibazisa okanye ukweqa izitofu.

Ngenxa yokuba igalelo lokuba izitofu ziyingozi, kulula ukuchasana, ukunyanga okukhuselekayo okujikeleza ukuba ingcamango eninzi kunye neengcamango ezingamanga ukudibanisa abazali abazama ukwenza "uphando lwabo" kwiigciwane kunye nendlela engcono yokugcina abantwana babo bekhuselekile kwaye banempilo .

Esi sikhokelo kwi-50 esicatshulwayo esicatshulwayo esicatshulwayo kunye neengcaciso ezingamanga ziya kukunceda uqonde ukuba izitofu zikhuselekile, ziyimfuneko, kwaye ukuba abantwana bakho bagonwe kwaye bavikeleke ngokupheleleyo kwisifo ngasinye kwisifo sokukhusela isisombululo esifanelekileyo sokwenza.

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Akukho Mnye Usemngciphekweni Ukuba andiyigonyanga abantwana bam

Ingcamango eqhelekileyo yokuba abantu abachasene nokugonywa ukusebenzisa ukugweba isigqibo sabo ngokwabo kukuba bacinga ukuba "ukuba izitofu zisebenza kakuhle, ke abantwana bakho abakunobungozi na ukuba ndikhetha ukungagonyanga okanye ukukhetha iintsholongwane zam."

Enyanisweni, abantwana nabantwana abadala abangenasiphelo bafaka umngcipheko kwabanye, ingakumbi abo bancinci ukuba banokugonywa kunye nalabo abaneengxaki ze-immune, abangenako ukugonywa.

Abantwana abangakhuselekanga kunye nabadala banomthwalo wokuqalisa ukugqithwa kwezinto esiqhubekayo ukuzibona namhlanje, kubandakanywa ukuqubuka kwemasisi okuhlawula izigidi zeedola.

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Iigciwane Ngenxa ye-Autism

Abantu ngabanye kunye nemibutho ye-autism ezama ukugcina ingqwalaselo phakathi kwe-vaccines kunye ne-autism empeleni yenza umonakalo omkhulu kubantwana bama-autistic, abadala abadala, kunye neentsapho zabo. Bangayifumana njani inkxaso xa abantu abachasene nokugonya beqhubeka bejolise kwiigciwane njengesizathu se-autism?

Iigonti azibanga i-autism.

I-Autism Omnibus Proceedings yanceda ukugxotha amaninzi amabango e-autism kwinkundla yokugoma. Ukwahlula amabango kwiimeko zokuvavanya, bafumanisa ukuba akukho thimerosal okanye ukugonya kwe-MMR kwabangela i-autism.

Ukuhlaliswa kwecala likaHanna Polling, intombazana encinci ene-mitochondrial disorder ne-autism, yayingekho ukungeniswa kwinkantolo yokugonywa ukuba izitofu zenza i-autism, njengoko abanye abantu bathi.

Kwaye ekuhlaziyweni kwabo, "Iiglofu kunye ne-Autism: I-Tale of Shifting Hypotheses," uDkt. Jeffery S. Gerber noDkt. Paul A. Baphetha ngokuthi:

Izifundo ezimashumi amabini ezi-epidemiologic zibonise ukuba akukho thimenosal okanye ukukhuselwa kwe-MMR kubangelwa yi-autism. Ezi zifundo zenziwe kumazwe amaninzi ngabaphandi abaninzi abaye baqeshisa iindidi zeziganeko ze-epidemiological and statistics.

Ubungakanani obukhulu beendawo ezifundwayo zibonelele ngenqanaba lamanqanaba okubala okwaneleyo ukufumanisa imibutho engaqhelekanga. Ezi zifundo, ngokubambisana ne-biological physicable implausibility ukuba izitofu ziphazamise umzimba womzimba womntwana, ziye zagxotha ngokucacileyo ukuba izitofu zenza i-autism. Izifundo ezongezelelweyo ngezizathu okanye izizathu ze-autism kufuneka zijolise kwiikhokelo ezithembekileyo.

Kukho nento yokuba:

• Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zibonise ukuba akukho nxu lumano phakathi kweigciwane kunye ne-autism.
• Iingxelo ezininzi zeZiko leMpilo ziye zagqiba ukuba akukho buhlobo phakathi kokugonya kwe-MMR kunye ne-autism, izitofu eziqukethe i-thimerosal kunye ne-autism, kwaye "iingxaki ezimbalwa zezempilo zibangelwa okanye zichaneke ngokucacileyo ngeigciwane."
• ubuncinci besifundo esithile sele sibone ukuba "iirhafu ze-autism i-disorder disorder diagnostic hayihluke phakathi kwamaqela amabhinqa angabonwayo kunye nabangenakuhlawulwa" ngabantwana abane-autism.
• abantu abachasene ne-vagx basebenzise ukubiza uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-vaccine kunye ne-autism nokuba bangenzi nto ngeigciwane, akukho nto enokuyenza nge-autism, okanye ilula ngokulula.

Iigonti azibanga i-autism.

UAndrew Wakefield naye akazange aqinisekiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Akukho iziganeko eziphawulekayo zokubonisa ukuba uWakefield ulungile.

Kwakungabikho mvume karhulumente kwiNkundla ye-Vaccine Court. Icala likaRyan Mojabi lalibhekiselele kwi-encephalitis, kungekhona i-autism. Ngoko izitofu azange zenze i-autism.

Kwakungabikho phephandaba lezesayensi. Enyanisweni, uphando olutshanje, "Ii-vaccines azihambelani ne-autism: Uhlolo-meta-based analysis of control-case and study collections," kwakhona wathi izigulane azihambelani ne-autism.

U-Andrew Wakefield akazange aqinisekiswe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye wonke umntu ucinga ukuba i-Wakefield yinqaku edibanisa ukugonya kwe-MMR kunye ne-autism yayibuqhetseba.

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Ukukhutshwa Emva kweentsholongwane Kufumana Abantu abagulayo

Enyanisweni ukuba ezinye izitofu ziyakunciphisa igciwane lokugonya emva kokuba linikezelwa ngumntwana, kodwa akusona isizathu sokuphepha amagonti. Ngokomzekelo, zombini i-rotavirus kunye ne-vaccin ye-polio vaccines zingakhupha intsholongwane yegciwane. Akudingeki ukuba ufumane i-rotavirus okanye isifo se-polio ukuba kwenzeke, kodwa bekuya kuba yingxaki ukuba umntu odibene naye wayengenakuxilongwa.

I-Flumist inokuphelisa kwakhona (intsholongwane engumlwelwe wegciwane lesifo sesifo somkhuhlane osebenza kuphela kwiimpawu zomntu), kodwa akunqabile ukuba oku kubangele ukuba umntu enze impawu zomkhuhlane. Enyanisweni, nokuba ngaba uya kuhamba nomntu onesistim sokuzivikela (ngaphandle kokuba basesandleni somnxeba wethambo okanye into), usenokufumana iPlumist.

Ukuhlanjululwa ngokuqhelekileyo akuyiyo ingxaki kunye nezinye izitofu, kuquka ezinye iigcini eziphilayo . Kwaye i-virus ye-polio yesifo somlomo ayinikezwa kwakhona e-United States.

Ngaba ukhathazeka njani abantu abachasene ne-vax ngokufumana ukuchithwa kwegciwane? Unokwazi ngokufunda malunga nendlela abanye abazali abangenayo ngenjongo yokugoma abantwana babo baphume ngendlela yabo ukuphepha abahlobo kunye namalungu entsapho abagoma ngenxa yokuba banenkxalabo yokubamba into!

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba iKomiti yeCopital Advisory of Immune Defence Foundation ilumkisa ngelithi "ingozi eyongeziweyo yezifo kubantwana, ngenxa yenyuka yokukhula kwegciwane lokugonya," oko kungathetha ukuba abantwana abane-immunodeficient kubungozi obukhulu bokubonakaliswa kwisifo esinqandekileyo sokugonya. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abaxhalabele ngegazi lokugonywa kwiintsana ezigonywe. Enyanisweni, ukuphepha izifo ezikhuseleke ngokugonywa, zithetha ngokudala "i-cooon" yokukhusela abantu abajikeleze izigulane ezinezifo eziphambili ze-immunodeficiency. "

Kwisitatimende somgaqo-nkqubo, "Iingcebiso zokugonywa kwegciwane kunye ne-bacterial vaccines kwizigulane ezingenayo i-immunode nezigulane kunye nabo basondeleyo," baxela ukuba ngaphandle kogonyamelo lomlomo we-polio, abafowunelwa abasondeleyo kwizigulane ezikhuselekile "banokufumana ezinye iigcini eziqhelekileyo kuba kwaye ezi zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu wokusuleleka kwisifundo esinokukhubazeka. "

Ukuba ukuchithwa kokugonya akuyingozi kubantwana abane-immunodeficiency, ngoko kutheni kufanele sibe isizathu sokuba ugweme izitofu okanye abantwana abagonywe?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba abazali abathile abachasayo bayaphuma kwindlela yabo ukuba bathathe abantwana babo ukuba bakhuphe amaqela angama-pox, ukuze abantwana babo babambelele ngokuzithandela esi sifo, kodwa banenkxalabo ngokubamba uhlobo olusisigxina sesifo ngokusuka umntwana ophethe isitofu sokugonywa kwenkukhu ...

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Uninzi lwabantu abagulayo Ngeziqhwithi Ziya kugonywa

Uninzi lwabantu abagulayo ngexesha lokugqabhuka alugonyanga xa ucinga ipesenti yokugonywa kwaye ungagxininiswa ekugqibeleni.

Nangona inani elipheleleyo lamatyala kwiinkqutyana ezithile lingabandakanya abantu abaninzi abaye bathabatha isigxina okanye baphelelwe ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abantu baye bafumana zonke izitofu zabo xa kuthelekiswa nalabo abaye baqhekeza enye okanye ngaphezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka izinga lokuhlaselwa ngabantu abagonywayo nabangenagxininiso ekugqibeleni.

Cinga isikolo sabantwana abayi-1 000 kunye nabangu-44 kubo bafumana iimvumba ngexesha lokuqhambuka, 29 banokugonywa, kwaye abayi-15 abangekho. Ukuba amaphesenti angama-95 abantu abakwizikolo bayagonywa, ngoko nangona kubonakala ngathi banokugonywa kakhulu kunabantwana abangahlambulukanga baneemvumba, kuba bebancinane abantwana abangenasigxina esikolweni (abantwana abangama-50 abangavunywanga ngokumelene nezingane ezingama-950 ezigonywayo), izinga lokuhlaselwa luphakamileyo kakhulu phakathi kwabo abangazange bafumane isitofu. Enyanisweni, kulo mzekelo, abo bangagonyanga banamaxesha angaphezulu kwama-10 aphezulu okukhupha ama-mumps kunokuba abo bagonywe, nangona abantwana abaninzi begonywe begula (khumbula ukuba abantwana abangama-35 abangavunywanga bengazange bafumane imithi, ngelixa i-921 igonywe zikhuselekile kwaye azizange zifumane i-mumps) kwaye isitofu sabo sokugonya sasinokuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 ekusebenzeni kwabo ekubambeni ama-mumps.

Kucacile ukuba uphando ngamanani kulezi ziqhumane ngaphambi kokukholelwa ukuba abaninzi abantu bagonywe.

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Iigonyana Awusebenzi ngokwenene

Iigonti zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zisebenza kakuhle ukukhusela izifo ezikhuselwe ukugonya.

Abantu abachasayo bavame ukuzama ukukholisa abantu ukuba izifo ezininzi ezikhuselweyo zokugonya ziye endleleni yazo yokupheliswa ngaphambi kokuba kugqitywe isitofu esithile sokukhusela, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba "amanzi ahlanzekileyo kunye nokutya okunempilo." Bathi iigcini azizange zisisindise kwaye izitofu azisebenzi. Iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezinxamnye ne-anti-vax zinegrafu ukuze "zixhase" zabo i-plot-graphs kunye neebango eziye zachithwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ingxaki enkulu nale ngcamango yamanga kukuba ezininzi zezi zifo zaqala ukupheliswa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo-i-chickpox, i-diphtheria, i-polio, imasisi, njl. Ukuba ucoceko kunye nokutya okunomsoco kwakukho izizathu, ngaba bekungayi kupheliswa xeshanye?

Kwaye kutheni ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-rotavirus kunye nenkukhu yenkukhu, zinciphisa kude kube yimva kamva, xa izitofu zabo zaziswa?

Kwakhona ucinga ukuba intombi ka-Queen Victoria, i-Princess Alice kunye nentombi yakhe, i-Princess Marie, bobabili babulawa yi-diphtheria ngo-1878. Ngaba abazange babe namanzi ahlambulukileyo kunye nokufikelela ukutya okunempilo kwi-Windsor Castle ngelo xesha?

Ekuphelelweni okugqithiseleyo kwezi nkolo zokugonyelwa yiyo abo bacinga ukuba izifo ezininzi ezikhuselweyo zokugonya azizange zipheliswe ngokupheleleyo! Bakholelwa nje ukuba oogqirha kunye neengcali zempilo yoluntu zitshintshile igama lezifo kwiqhinga elikhulu lokwenza ukuba kubonakale ngathi izifo ziyahamba.

Bakholelwa ukuba ezi zifo, ezifana ne-polio, zikhona apha-nje ngamagama ahlukeneyo.

Ngokomzekelo, endaweni yokuba ulungele ukupheliswa, i-polio ihlala ijikeleze-ibizwa ngokuba yi-Guillain-Barré syndrome ngoku. Nesibhokhwe? Le nto ayizange ichithwe ngowe-1970. Ngoku i-monkeypox.

Akupheli apho, nokuba kunjalo. Ukukhwehlela okwenyukayo ngoku i- croup kunye ne-diphtheria yi-epiglotitis.

Yintoni engalunganga ngayo le ngqungquthela?

1. Ekubeni i-smallpox, i-polio, i-diphtheria, njl njl. Zonke zaziqhelekile kwixesha langaphambili lokugonya, ukuba amagama abo ashintshile, ngoko kutheni singaboni abantu abaninzi abane-Guillain-Barré syndrome, i-monkeypox, ne-epiglotitis namhlanje?
2. Ezi meko ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa abantwana baseCalifornia bakha i-syndrome efana ne-polio, ngokuqinisekileyo oogqirha baye balawula ukuba ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome.
3. Ukuba i-diphtheria yayitshintshile nje ibe yi-epiglotitis, ngoko yintoni yatshintshile ibe ngoku, njengokuba i-epiglotittis isuswe kakhulu ngenxa yokugonywa kwe-Hib?

Nantoni na into ofuna ukuyikholelwa ngamagciwane, kufuneka ukuba ubuncinci uyazi ukuba izitofu zisebenza.

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Izifo-ezikhuselweyo Izifo akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu

Le ngenye yeengcamango ezingaphezulu kowomsebenzi wokulwa nokugonya.

Isizathu esithile sokuba bahambe nayo kukuba izigulane zenzile umsebenzi omhle kangaka! Ekubeni izitofu ziphelile kwaye zinciphisa izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya , abantu abambalwa abakhumbula ngokwenene ukuba izifo ezinokusongela ubomi zibuhlungu kangakanani.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba kwixesha lokuqala lokugonya:

• kwakukho ukuqhaqhaqhoqho kwesifo sepholio e-United States kubangela iziganeko ezingama-13 000 ukuya kuma-20,000 ezomzimba we-poliomyelitis unyaka ngamnye kunye nokufa kwabangama-1 000. Kwimiba enkulu yesifo se-polio kuma-1940 nakwa-1950, bekukho abantu aba-3145 abafa.
• kwakukho ama-500,000 amachiza e-United States, kunye nokufa okungama-500 ukuya ku-1 000 kunye nama-500 enesifo se-encephalitis. Ekupheleni kuka-1989-1991, kukho amacala angama-55,622 kunye nokufa kwabangu-123 e-US.
• kwakukho ama-200 000 ama-diphtheria kunye nokufa kwabantu abayi-15 000 ngonyaka.
• Uhlobo lweHaemophilus influenzae luhlobo lwebhaktheriya lubangela ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yokuphila, kubandakanywa i-meningitis, i-epiglottitis, kunye ne-pneumonia, kwi-20 000 abantwana abancinane ngonyaka. Abaninzi babeyiintsana, kwaye i-5% yafa. Phakathi kwalabo abasinda kwi-Hib isifo, ukufikelela kwi-30 ekhulwini kwakunokukhubazeka kokuva okanye ubunzima be-neurologic.
• kwakukho amacala angama-270,000 we-pertussis kunye nokufa kwabangu-10 000 ngonyaka ngamnye e-United States.
• Amawaka angama-20,000 azalwa ngokuzalwa kwe-rubella syndrome ngexesha lobunzima be-rubella ngo-1964 (amacala angama-12.5 yezigidi). Iintsana ezingama-2,100 ezongezelelweyo zafa kwaye kwakukho ubuncinane ukukhupha izisu ezine-11, Ingqungquthela ye-rubin ye-1964 icingelwa ukuba ithintele ubuncinane iipesenti ezi-1 zonke zokukhulelwa. Ezi zifo ezinzima ze-rubella zazicatshulwa ukuba zenzeke njalo kwiminyaka emithandathu ukuya kweyisithoba, kunye neentsholongwane ezincinci kwiminyaka emibili ukuya kwimine.

Ngamhla, abantwana abangaba ngu-200 000 bafa ngamnye ngonyaka ukusuka e-pertussis, kwaye ubuncinane abayi-122,000 bafa ngamasisi kumhlaba jikelele.

Izifo ezikhuselweyo zentsholongwane zicace ngokucacileyo. Sifanele siwunakugqithisekisa ukuba baya kuba njengokufa namhlanje ukuba siyeka ukugoma abantwana bethu kwaye sibavumela ukuba babuyele eUnited States.

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Big Pharma

Xa ubhekane nobungqina bokuba iingongoma zabo zokuthetha nokugonya zikhohlakeleyo kunye neengcambu, isikhundla sokubuya sihlala sisithi "i-shill ye-Big Pharma" ukuba uxhasa ngokukodwa emva kwexesha lokugonywa kweCDC ne-American Academy of Pediatrics .

Bahlala behamba ukuya kuthiwa ukuba i-Big Pharma ihlawula abantu ukuba bachithe yonke imini behambisa izimvo ezixhasayo kwi-Facebook nakwiibhodi zamyalezo.

I-Pharma Shill Gambit yindlela ehlaselayo yokuhlaselwa abaninzi abakhetha ukwelashwa kwezinye iindlela zendalo zempilo, kuquka nokukhusela abantwana babo kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya. Ayikwazi ukukhusela isikhundla sakho sokuba izitofu ziyingozi (i-toxin gambit) okanye ukuba ayisebenzi? Emva koko uqalise ukuhlasela kwe- hominem kwiingcali "ezixubushayo."

Akumangalisi ukuba i-Big Pharma okanye i-Pharma shill ingqinisiso isetyenziswe ukuzama ukudibanisa uphando olwenziwa ngabantu abachasayo.

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Iigonti Zinezinto ezininzi zeMercury Ngoku kunoko

Abantu abaninzi abachasene nokugonya abantu bathuthele ukuba bakhathazeke ngezinye izithako zokugonya kunye neezongezo xa isithwathwa sisuswe kwiimithi zokugoma emva ngo-1999. Kukho abanye abanamathele kwingcamango yokuba ezininzi izitofu zinezizathu zentsholongwane kunye neengcamango ezipheleleyo ze-thimerosal kwiigciwane kubangela i-autism.

Ukongeza kwinto yokuba isithwathwa sisuswe kuwo onke ama-vaccine ukususela ngo-1999, ezininzi izitofu azizange ziqulethe i-thimerosal, kuquka:

• MMR
• Varivax (isitofu sokugonywa kwenkukhu)
• isitofu sokugonywa kwe-hepatitis A
• Flumist
• izitofu ze-rotavirus (iRotaTeq kunye neRotarix)
• TdaP
• I-IPV (ukugonya i-polio)
• Menactra kunye neMenveo
• Iigciwane leVVV (Gardasil neCervarix)
• Prevnar (kokubili Prevnar 7 no Prevnar 13)

Ngoko, nangona ukuphakama kwe-mercury craze, kuthi ngo-1998, abantwana bafumana iigciwane ezintathu kuphela nge-thimerosal: i-hepatitis B, i-DTaP ne-Hib. Akukho nanye kwezinye izitofu eziyinxalenye yeshedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana be-1998 eyayinconywa ukuba ibe ne-thimerosal.

Kwaye kwangoko, iinguqu ze-DTaP kunye ne-Hib zazingekho ngeenxalenye ze-thimerosal, ngoko ke akubona zonke iintsana ezifumana iigciwane ezine-thimerosal okanye zonke izitofu ezintathu ezine-thimerosal. Abanye banokufumana enye okanye ezimbini.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nangona bekucetyiswa ukuba isisitja sisuswe kwiigonti, kwakunjengokulumkisa kwaye iingcali zathi "ukuhlolwa kweengozi zokusetyenziswa kwegazi ekugonyeni kwabantwana akufumani ubungqina bengozi ekusebenziseni i-thimerosal umlondolozo, ngaphandle kokubomvu nokuvuvukala kwindawo yokuxela. "

Ngoko, yintoni eseleyo kumbango we-thimerosal? Akukho zitofu eziseleyo kunye ne-thimerosal (ekugqibeleni iphelile ngoJanuwari 2003), i-CDC ayifihli idatha malunga ne-mercury, iigcini, kunye ne-autism, kwaye kukho ininzi yeempuphu ezingenamlilo ezikhoyo kubazali abazifunayo. Enyanisweni, ukugqithwa kwe-gciwane yesifo somkhuhlane kungaphezulu kwe-100 yezigidi zentsholongwane okanye i-conservative ezamahala (kunye nomyinge wendlela yokwenza isithintelo) kulo nyaka.

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Ishedyuli yoNgcaciso okanye iNkqubo yokuNgcwaba

Xa umzali ecinga ngeshedyuli ekhethiweyo okanye enye yokugoma, bahlala becinga ngoDkt. Bob Sears.

Ayeyena yedwa onguchwepheshe wezonyango lokuzikhusela ngesinye ishedyuli. Wayengowona wokuqala. Ishedyuli sakhe sokugonya saba yinto ethandwa kakhulu.

Udweliso lwe-vaccine ye-Alternative uDkt uBob lubeka izitofu ukwenzela ukuba iintsana azifumane ezingaphezu kwembini ngexesha, kodwa kufuneka zifumane iifotshane zenyanga, zilibale ukukhutshwa kwe-hepatitis A kunye ne-hepatitis B ade abantwana bekhulile, kwaye ishedyuli yakhe yasekuqaleni inconywe imasisi, i-mumps, kunye ne-rubella shots esikhundleni sokugonya kwe-MMR.

Ukuba ishedyuli yakhe yokugonywa yinto enamandla kakhulu kuwe, uDkt. Bob unikeza neshedyuli yokuchonga.

Abazali bafanele baqonde ukuba ingaba ishedyuli ekhethiweyo okanye enye inokunciphisa iziphumo ezichaphazela ukugonya okanye ukukhusela ngokukhuselekileyo izifo ezikhusekileyo zokugonya (ukulibazisa ukufumana iintsholongwane kumshiya umntwana wakho angakhuselekanga kwaye usemngciphekweni wokufumana izifo ezikhuseleke ngokugonya), akaqinisekanga kwaye akaqinisekanga.

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Abantu abaninzi abagodli abantwana babo

Uninzi lwabazali banokugoma abantwana babo ngokwexesha lokunconywa kwe-CDC ne-American Academy ye-Pediatrics.

Ingxelo ka-2015 evela kwi-CDC ifumene ukuba ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-90 zabantwana abaneminyaka engama-19 ukuya kwe-35 bade bafikelele kwiimigomo elandelayo: i-polio; i-hepatitis B; imasisi, i-mumps, kunye nerubella; kunye ne-varicella.

Olunye u-2016 lwangxelo evela kwi-CDC, eli lijongene nokugonywa kwamagciwane phakathi kwabantwana abakwilanga, kufumanisa ukuba malunga nama-95 ekhulwini kwabantwana abangena kwi-kindergarten baxiliswe ngokupheleleyo kwi-measles (ezimbini i-MMR) kunye nama-94 ekhulwini kwi-diphtheria, i-tetanus, ne-acellular pertussis ukugonya phakathi kwamazwe angama-49 kunye ne-DC. Ingxelo yafumana kwakhona amanqanaba okukhutshwa komgudu wokugonywa aqhubeka ephantsi.

Ukuba kubonakala ngathi uninzi lwabantu owaziyo alugonyanga abantwana babo, mhlawumbi kuba abazali abaninzi abachasayo baqoqela ndawonye kumaqela e-Facebook kunye neencwadana zomyalezo zabazali ukuqinisa zabo iinkolelo. Baya kubhalisa abantwana babo kwizikolo ezifanayo.

Kwaye wonke umntu odumile olwachasayo ufunda ngaye, nokuba ngaba nguJenny McCarthy, uAlicia Silverstone, uKristin Cavallari, okanye uRob Schneider, soloko ukhumbule ukuba kukho abantu abaninzi abadumileyo abangagcini kuphela abagulisa izitofu, kodwa banokwenza okuninzi kubantwana kuwo wonke umhlaba, njengale:

• U-Ewan McGregor - wasebenze kunye ne-UNICEF ukuba abhale iCold Chain Mission yakhe ukuba "athathe iigonyo kwaye agonwe abantwana kwezinye iindawo ezikude kakhulu zehlabathi"
• UJennifer Garner - uye wakhuthaza ukukhuselwa kweentsholongwane kwaye ngoku seBhodi yeTrasti ye-Save the Children
• ULenny Kravitz - usebenza kunye no-Unicef ​​ukubanceda ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba i-100 ekhulwini yabantwana bayagonywa kwizifo ezikhuselekekileyo. Ukungaphumeleli ukufikelela kumntwana wokugqibela akuvumelekanga, ngakumbi xa iindleko zokugonya zincinci. "
• UDavid Beckham - Ukongeza kokusebenza neprogram ye-Unicef ​​yeMidlalo yoPhuhliso, uDavid Beckham uye wanceda abantwana emhlabeni wonke, kuquka abo bachatshazelwe yiTyponi Haiyan ePhilippines kunye ne-tsunami e-Indonesia.
• UKeri Russell - Inkwenkwezi ye- Felicity kunye ne -American yabambisana nabazali be-Kids abanezifo ezithathelwanayo (PKID) kwi-Silence i-Sounds of Pertussis.
• USerna Williams - wasebenza neeprojekthi zezempilo ze-Unicef ​​eGhana.
• U-Salma Hayek - Ukongezelela ekukhuthazeni ukuncelisa, wasinceda abafazi kunye nabantwana babo e-Afrika nase-Asia bafumana izibhamu ze-tetanus.
• UChristy Turlington Burns - waqalisa wonke umkhankaso woMama ukuphelisa ukufa okukukhuselweyo okubangelwa ukukhulelwa nokubeletha emhlabeni jikelele, kubandakanywa nxalenye, ngokubanika ukufikelela kwiigcini zokugcina ubomi.

U-Ewan McGregor, ekuchazeni umsebenzi awenzayo naye unikezela ngamehlo amnandi, endicinga ukuba iquka ukuba kutheni intshukumo yokulwa negciwane isoloko encinci:

Uva malunga nabantu abangathandi ukugoma abantwana babo kwihlabathi leNtshona, endiyicinga ukuba ngumntu ozikhethele yena, kodwa xa uphuma khona, umphumo wabantwana bakho ungagonywanga kukuba baya kufa, okanye utyumle kakhulu. Ewe, ndabona umnqweno wokwenene wokukhusela abantwana babo, kunye nokuqonda kwangempela-andizange ndibonane nabani na oya "Yintoni na?" Okanye "Kutheni?" Bonke babonakala beyazi malunga nalo.

Khumbula, uninzi lwabazali abanalo ukukhutshwa kwe-vaccine kwaye endaweni yoko banokugoma abantwana babo kwaye bawakhusele kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya.

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Iigonti zenziwa ngeTyhuse yeTotal

Iigonyana azenziwanga kunye nezicubu ezifayo.

Izitofu ezimbalwa zenziwa ngeemigca yeseli ezazisuka kwiiseli ze-fibroblast zisuka kumntwana osusayo. Oku kwenzeka kwizihlandlo ezimbini ezahlukileyo kuma-1960, ukudala imigca yesellu ye-MRC-5 kunye ne-WI-38, apho iindiza zakhula ukuze zenze ezinye izitofu, kubandakanywa nokugonya i-rubella.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le mizila yeseli iphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngoku ikhulile ngokuzimeleyo, isuswe kude kwimizila yokuqala yeseli ithathwe kuma-1960s, kwaye akukho namaseli amatsha asetyenziswayo. Kwakhona, lezi zimbini zokukhupha izithandabuzo azizange zenzelwe uphando lokugonya.

Kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngexesha lobhubhane lwe-rubella ka-1964, kwakukho:

• Izigidi ezili-12.5 zeerubella e-United States
• Iziganeko ezi-2,000 ze-encephalitis ezinxulumene nerubella
• 11,250 ukukhipha isisu ngokuzenzekelayo nangokhetho ngenxa yentsholongwane kaGawulayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• Ukufa kwabantwana abangama-2,100 ababangelwa yi-rubella infections
• Amacala angama-20,000 omhlaza we-rubella syndrome

Kwakunokuthintela iingxaki ezibuhlungu ukuba i-vaccine yokuqala yokugonywa i-rubella yaphuhliswa.

UDan Connors kwiKatolika yamaColest uyabalisa ngokucacileyo le micimbi xa ethi: "Ezi ntwana azizange zinyulwe ukuba zenze iigonti; enyanisweni, akukho mntwana oye waphoxiswa ekuveliseni umgudu wokugonywa, kwaye akukho zicubu ezithintekayo okanye iisisisi zeseli somntwana osusiweyo, isesigodlo ngokwaso. "

Ngoko kuya kufuneka kucace ukuba izitofu azenziwanga ngeethambo zomzimba. Eyona nto ingcono, ungathi ukuba bambalwa kakhulu abantu abanegciwane "banokubambisana kunye nokukhupha isisu," kodwa kufuneka "kubonakale ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezigulane kulezi ziko kungabandakanyekanga ngqo kwisenzo sokukhupha isisu kuba izizathu zokukhipha isisu ezinxulumene nokulungiselela isitofu. "

Xa ucinga ngolu hlobo, abazali abachaphazelekayo kufuneka baqwalasele nembono yeziko leSizwe le-Catholic Catholic Bioethics, elikhankanywe ngokuthi:

Omnye uziphatha ngokukhululekile ukusebenzisa isitofu ngaphandle kokubambisana nomlando kunye nokukhipha isisu. Isizathu kukuba umngcipheko kwimpilo kawonkewonke, ukuba umntu ukhetha ukungagonyanga, ukhulula ukukhathazeka ngokusemthethweni malunga nemvelaphi yesitofu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubazali, abanemfanelo yokuziphatha yokukhusela ubomi kunye nempilo yabantwana babo kunye nabo bajikelezayo.

Ukucinga malunga nale "mfanelo yokuziphatha" ukukhusela abantu kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya kuya kuba nethemba lokukhuthaza abazali abaninzi ukuba bafumane iintsholongwane zabo.

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Kuninzi Kangangoko Kuninzi-Ukukhulula i-System Immune System

"Kuninzi kakhulu ngokukhawuleza" kwakumemeza uJenny McCarthy kuye "Iiglofu Zethu Ezigqirha" ngo-2008.

Kakade, ingcamango yokuba emva kokugonywa kwabantwana kwindlela yokugonywa kwamantombazana inokuba yinkqonkqo yenkqubo yokuzivikela komntwana iye yachithwa ngokupheleleyo.

Enyanisweni, nangona bafumana ezininzi izitofu ngoku kwaye zikhuselwe kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya, abantwana banokufumana ama-antigens ambalwa kakhulu kwisigontsho ngasinye kunanini ngaphambili.

Kutheni le nto? Ziyi-antigen ezikhuthaza umzimba. Ukuba ukhathazekile ngokugqithiselela i-immune system yakho, ke ngoko uza kukhangela, kungekhona inani elipheleleyo lezitofu.

Umzekelo, abantwana basetyenziselwa ukufumana i-vacpoxx vaccine, ebenama-protini angama-200 okanye ama-antigens kwisitofu sokugonya kunye ne-DTP yokugonya, kunye nama-antigens angama-3000. Oku kuphezulu kakhulu kunani lama-antigens kuzo zonke izitofu ezenziwa ngabantwana kunye nentsha namhlanje, ukusuka kwi-hepatitis B ukuya kwi-HPV-malunga ne-137 ukuya kuma-152 antigens.

UDkt Offit waqala ukuphendula lo mbuzo ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo kwinqaku, "Ukuthetha Ngeengxaki Zabazali: Ngaba Iinyani Ezininzi Zithintela okanye Ziye Zisusa Umzimba Wokhuseleko Lwemntwana?" Wathetha ngendlela:

• Xa abantwana bezalwa, bavela kwindawo engumzimba oyinyumba kwi-uterus kwihlabathi elinemibhaktheriya kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezincinci.
• I-neonate iyakwazi ukuphakamisa iimpendulo zokuzivikela ngokukhuselana nomzimba wokugonywa ngamagciwane kwiiyure zokuzalwa.
• Umntwana osencinane unako ukukwazi ukuvelisa izixhobo zokuzivikela ezikhuselekileyo kunye nezamaselula kwiimithi ezininzi zangexesha elifanayo.

Kule nqaku, uDkt. Offit uchaza nendlela "inkunkuma yomzimba" inomntwana inamandla okuphendula amaninzi amaninzi e-antigen, "ukuya kutsho ukuba" intsana nganye iya kuba nekhono lokufunda kwi-vaccines malunga ne-10,000. naliphi na ixesha. "

Ngaba wayethe ukuba iintsana kufuneka zifumane iigciwane ezili-10 ngelo xesha? Nope. Kwakungeyona enye indlela yokucacisa ukuba abantwana bethu abayi kuphazamisa isimiso sabo sokuzivikela xa befumana iigonya zabo.

UDkt. Offit ngokwenene wachaza ngelinye indlela, esithi "ukuba izitofu ezi-11 zanikwa iintsana ngexesha elinye, ngoko malunga neepesenti eziyi-0.1 zesistim somzimba sokuzivikela" siya kusetyenziswa. "

Okanye ukuyibeka ngokucacileyo, abantwana bethu abafumani iigciwane ezininzi kakhulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye asiyikugxininisa isimiso saso sokuzivikela xa siwagoma ngokwexesha lokugqibela lokugonywa kwabantwana ukusuka kwi-CDC ne-AAP.

Kwaye ukuba kukho na, nantoni na, abantwana bafumaneke kwii-antigens ezincinci ezincinci ezivela kwiigciwane kunanini ngaphambili-ezivela kwi-3,000 kwi-DTP eyodwa yebhodi abayifumene ukuyifumana, ukuya ku-315 kuphela kuzo zonke iigonti abafumana zi-2 ubudala namhlanje.

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Ukungakhuselwa kwemvelo kulunge ngakumbi kunokungakhuseli kwi-vaccination

Ukukhuselwa komzimba emva kokufumana isifo esithathelwanayo kuyinto enhle, njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo kukugcina ungenayo intsholongwane efanayo kabini.

Ukhuseleko lomzimba luza kwixabiso eliphezulu, nangona kunjalo. Kwaye andinakuthetha ngeendleko eziphezulu zalawo ancedisa amaninzi amaninzi okukhusela izityalo ukuze athengise ukhuseleko lwakho lwendalo.

Ingathethi ukuba umntwana wakho unokugula ngenxa yeentsuku, okanye iiveki, okanye iinyanga, njengoko saye sabona kwixesha langaphambili lokugonya, kwaye sisabona nanamhlanje, izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya zingasongela ubomi kwaye zibe nobunzima obubi , kuquka oku:

• i-diphtheria inokubangela i-myocarditis, neuritis, kunye nokukhubazeka kwesifo, kunye nokufa kuma-5 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini labantu
• I-Hib ingabangela ukukhubazeka kokuva, i-neurologic sequelae, nokufa kwi-2 ukuya kuma-5 ekhulwini lamatyala
• isisisi sinokubangela i-pneumonia, i-seizures, i-encephalitis, nokufa kwi-0.2 ekhulwini yamatyala
• Iimvumba zingenza i-orchitis (ukuvuvukala kweetestular), i-oophoritis (ukuvuvukala kwe-ovari), i-pancreatitis, i-meningitis, i-encephalitis, isisithulu, kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo ifa.
• I-polio ingabangela i-meningitis, i-flaccid paralysis, nokufa kuma-2 ukuya kuma-5 ekhulwini kwabantwana.
• i-rotavirus inokubangela ukuba uhudo oludityanisiweyo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwamanzi kwaye zisetyenziselwe ukufa kwabantu abangama-20 ukuya kuma-60 ngonyaka.
• i-rubella ingabangela i-arthritis, i-thrombocytopenic purpura, ne-encephalitis, kodwa inkxalabo enkulu ngabafazi abakhulelweyo abathola i-rubella, enokubangela ukukhupha isisu, ukubulawa kwesifo sokubeletha, kunye nokubola kwe-rubella syndrome.
• i-tetanus ingabangela i-spasms kunye nokufa kwi-11 ekhulwini yamatyala. I-tetanus ye-Neonatal iyinkxalabo.
• Inkukhu yenkukhu ingadibana ne-meningitis, i-encephalitis, i-pneumonia yesibini, izifo zesikhumba, kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo ziyafa.
• i-pertussis ingabangela i-pneumonia, ukuxhatshazwa, ukuxhamla, nokufa kwi-0.2 ekhulwini yamatyala.

Kwaye ukukhusela imvelo akukugqibeki. Ngokomzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukufumana inkukhu ngaphezu kweyodwa emva kokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yemvelo kunye nokuzikhusela komzimba emva kokuba i-pertussis ingapheliyo, ihlala iphela kwiminyaka emine ukuya kwe-20.

Kukho ezinye iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke emva kokuba unesifo sentsholongwane, kuquka:

• I-Subacute I-Panencephalitis ye-Sclerosing (SSPE) - inkxalabo ebulalayo, ekupheleni kwentsholongwane yesifo semasisi kwaye enokuthi yenzeke kunabantu abayi-1: 1700 abanesisisi. Akubangelwa yi-immune vaccine ngokwayo.
• I-Post-Polio Syndrome - iimpawu ezintsha zentlungu, ukukhathala kunye nobuthathaka obukhula kuma-25 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini labantu abaye basinda kwiintsholongwane zepilyoli
• Iingqungquthela - inkxalabo yokugqibela yentsholongwane yendalo yenkukhu engapheliyo emva kokufumana isitofu sokugonywa kwenkukhu
• I-Cancer Cancer - malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 yabantwana (kunye ne-90 ekhulwini lweintsana) zihlakulele ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B engapheliyo kwaye ingaphinda ibe nokutshabalaliswa kwesibindi (i-cirrhosis), ukuhluleka kwesibindi kunye nomhlaza wesibindi.

UDkt. Paul A Ukuphendula ngokucacileyo umbuzo wokukhusela umzimba, xa uthi "intengo ephezulu yokhuseleko lwendalo, oko kukuthi, isifo esiqhekezayo nesifo esibulalayo, sinomngcipheko ongafaneleki ukuthatha."

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Iiglofu Azinakuhlolwa Ngamandla Ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa yi-FDA

Iigonti ezilayisenisiweyo yi-FDA kufuneka zihlangabezane "neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela, ukuphumelela, kunye nobungakanani."

Njengesiza esitsha, izigulane zihamba ngezifundo zengqungquthela kwaye ubuncinane izigaba ezintathu zezilingo zekliniki phambi kokuba inkampani inokufaka isicelo kwiziko le-FDA ye-Biologicalics Assessment and Research (CBER), kubandakanywa ne-CBER Ofisi yeZigcino zophando kunye nokuHlola, i-Ofisi Ukuthotyelwa kweeMveli kunye neBiologics Quality, kunye ne-Ofisi ye-Biostatistics ne-Epidemiology.

Ekupheleni kovavanyo lweSigaba sesi-3, uphando lwenziwe ukwenzela ukubonisa ukuba isitofu siphephile kwaye asiyiyo inetyhefu, i-immunogenic (ivelisa impendulo yomzimba), kwaye iyasebenza (isebenza).

Ukongezelela ukuphonononga yonke le ngcaciso, xa isicelo sokufakwa kwesigxina esitsha sithunyelwe, i-FDA nayo:

• unokuvavanya ukuvavanywa kwamaninzi angaphambili kokugonywa
• ukuphonononga nokuhlola iimveliso zokuvelisa kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa
• ukuphonononga ilebula lokugonya

Ikomiti yeengcali engeyi-FDA eyenziwe ngabososayensi, oogqirha, abameli bezentengo, kunye nelungu lorhwebo (ukungabikho ukuvota), iiViccine kunye neKomiti yeComputer Counselling (VRBPAC), kwaye ivavanya kwaye ivavanye isicelo. Ikomiti yenziwe ngeengcali kwi-immunology, i-biology ye-biology, i-rDNA, i-virology, i-bacteriology, i-epidemiology okanye i-biostatistics, ukungabikho komzimba, imithi yokukhusela, izifo ezithathelwanayo, isifo sezilwanyana, i-microbiology kunye ne-biochemistry. Bavota kwaye banike iingcebiso kwiCBER.

Ukuba kuvunyelwe, ukugonya kugcinwa kuhlolwe malunga nokukhathazeka ngokhuseleko kwizifundo zeSigaba 4, ukuvavanywa kwamaninzi, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlaziywa kweengxelo kwi-VAERS kunye nokuhlola usebenzisa idatha kwi-Datalink ye-Vaccine Safety.

Inkqubo yophuhliso lokugonya ihamba ixesha elingakanani? Ihlukahluka kwisitofu ngasinye, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo yinkqubo echanekileyo, kunye nesifo sokugonya esiphezulu esidlula iminyaka engama-10 yokuphuhliswa. Enyanisweni, ama-FDA ngamanye amaxesha ahlawuliswa ngenxa yokungavumi iigciwane ngokukhawuleza, njenge-vaccine MenB (Bexerso), esele ivunyiwe yi-European Union.

I-Prevnar yasekuqaleni, umzekelo, ivunyiwe yi-FDA emva kokuhlaziywa kwenyanga yesibhozo nesigamu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kulandelelwaniso lweSigaba III seSigaba III esiqalile iminyaka emine ngaphambi kokuba isitofu sigqitywe kunye novavanyo lwangaphambili lwangaphambili kunye neSigaba seSigaba se-I kunye neSigaba II sovavanyo lwezonyango.

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Ukungakhuseli kweHerd akukhoyo

Ukukhusela imfesane yimbono eyamkelekileyo kakuhle ukuba ukuba abantu abaninzi abasondelene nawe banokusuleleka kwisifo kwaye abanako ukugula, ke akukho mntu ujikelezeyo, kwaye awuyi kugula, nangona awukho ukukhusela isigciwane.

Nangona baninzi abanenjongo yokugoma abantwana babo okanye bazincoma bona abayiyo inxalenye yomhlambi okanye abanakholelwa kwi-immune immune, basenjalo. Ziyilungu elingenakukhuseleka lenkomo elithembela kulo lonke ukukhusela.

Kwincwadi kaDkt Bob malunga nezitofu, ukhangeleka ukuba aqinisekise abazali abangenagonyanga abantwana babo ngokuzama ukukhusela kwabo ngokufihla emhlambini.

Ngoko kutheni sisenokugqitywa kwezifo ezikhusekileyo zokugonya ukukhusela i-immune immune? Kwimeko yamasisi, kulula kakhulu ukubona ukuba kutheni. Nangona ukusasazeka kwe-measle kwaphela kwaphela kwi-United States ngo-1990, isistim isasaziwa kwezinye iindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Enyanisweni, imasisi yabulala abantu abayi-122 000 emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2012. Iziqhwithi e-US ziqala ngokuqala xa abantu abangenasigxina behamba kule mimandla, bagula baze babuyele ekhaya. Bashiya umhlambi, bezityhila kwisifo, baze bahlambele umhlambi.

Esikhundleni sokubonakalisa ukuba ukukhuselwa komzimba kungengokoqobo, into elula yokuba ezi ziqhambukayo azikho na ezikhulu kunomxholo onyanisekileyo kwinto yokuba i-immune immune isebenza.

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Ndiyisebenzisela ukuPapashwa ukuPhando lweNtsholongwane yam

I-PubMed ibandakanya ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-22 zeziqulatho kunye nezibhengezo ezivela kwi-MEDLINE, "i-US National Library of Medicine (NLM) ye-bibliographic database ye-premiere equlethe ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 kwiingxelo zorhwebo kwi-sayensi yezobomi ngokugxininisa kwi-biomedicine."

Nangona kubonakala ngathi yindlela enhle yokwenza uphando kwiimpawu kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi, ingxaki enkulu kukuba i-PubMed ayinikezeli ukufikelela kwi-text-full of these articles. Okushiya isininzi sabantu sigijimela kwizigqibo malunga namaqendu emva kokufunda isishwankathelo esifutshane okanye isihloko senqaku. Oku akuyi kuphando.

Enyanisweni, xa ufunda amanqaku amaninzi abantu abachasayo ukunyusa ukuxhaswa kwabo, ufumanisa ukuba ayifani ngokucacileyo, kuquka:

• Ezi zifundo ezingama-22 zonyango kufuneka zibonise ukuba izitofu zingabangela i-autism
• ezi zifundo ezingama-72 zonyango kufuneka zixhase ikhonkco phakathi kweigciwane kunye ne-autism
• ezi zifundo zonyango ezingama-30 ezifunekayo zokudibanisa iigciwane kwi-autism

Ngaba unokwenza uphendule i-PubMed yegama elingundoqo, kwaye njengomzali omnye uthi, "ude ude ukhangele amehlo akho?" Kuqiniseke.

Kodwa abantu abenza uphando lwangempela basebenzisa i-PubMed bamane basebenzise njengesixhobo sokufumana amanqaku amaphepha eendaba. Emva koko bafunda isihloko esipheleleyo baze basebenzise izakhono zabo zokucinga ngaphambi kokuba benze isigqibo sokuba iinqununu zixhase okanye zigatye ingcamango yazo yangaphambili. Lo uphando.

Ngelishwa, abaninzi abantu abachasene nokugonya basebenzise i-PubMed kwi-plug kwigama elingundoqo kwaye bafumane izihloko okanye izibhengezo ezivakalayo. Ukuba ngokwenene baye bafunda amanqaku apheleleyo, aqhelekanga atholakale kwi-PubMed, baya kufumana ukuba bafundele ubuthathaka, badla ngokugqithiseleyo, bavame ukubhalwa njenge-science-junk, ngamanye amaxesha abananto inokuyenza ngamagciwane kunye zisebenzisiwe kakubi, kwaye ziye zadityaniswa ngokubanzi.

Kuthetha ukuba wenze uphando lwakho usebenzisa i-PubMed ngoku sele lifana nomntu ongenakwenu uphando olwenene, ukholelwa naluphi na uhlobo lokugonya ulwazi olufundwayo, kwaye uthembele kwiiwebhusayithi ze-antivax "zophando" zazo.

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10 Iigonywa kwi-1980s I-Ballooned ukuya ku-36 ngowama-2008 kunye no-49 ngoku

Le yimihlobo yeentlobo-ntsholongwane ezisetyenziswayo ukuzama ukuzama nokudibanisa iigciwane kwi-autism.

Ngowe-1983, ishedyuli yokugonywa ikhusele abantwana kwizifo ezi-7 ezikhuselweyo zokugonya ngokufumana ama-10 amanani e-vaccine phambi kokuqala i-kindergarten-ezinhlanu izilwanyana ze-DTP, ezine i-OPV kunye ne dose ye-MMR. Kwaye abatsha bafumana ipetanus shot.

Ngo-2008, abantwana bekhuselwe kwizifo ezikhuselekayo zokugonya ezi-14 ngokufikelela kumaqondo angama-36 we-vaccines ngaphambi kokuba aqale isilwanyana-ezintathu izilingo ze-HepB, ezintathu izilingo ze-Rotavirus, izilwanyana ezi-5 ze-DTaP, izilwanyana ezintathu okanye ezine ze-Hib, ezine I-Prevnar 7, iindleko ezine ze-IPV, izilingo ezimbini ze-MMR, izilingo ezimbini zeenkukhu, i-doses ezimbini ze-hepatitis A, kunye neyeza ezithandathu ukuya kwe sixhenxe zokugonya umkhuhlane.

Akukho nto intshintshile ngo-2014, ngaphandle kokuba abantwana bafumana i-Prevnar 13 (endaweni ye-Prevnar 7) yokugonya kwaye banokufumana i-stroke ye-Rotavirus yesibini okanye abathathu, kuxhomekeka kukuphi na umqondiso wabo owenzela umniki-nkonzo.

Kuphela ngokusebenzisa izibalo ezizodwa zokulwa nokugonya oya kuphuma kuma-vaccines angama-36 kunyaka ka-2008 ukuya ku-49. Izifo zingenza oko ngokubala iigciwane ze-DTaP kunye ne-MMR njengezitofu ezintathu ezihlukeneyo, kodwa ke kufuneka uyenze 1983 no-2008, akunjalo? Akukho ncazelo efanelekileyo yokutshintsha isimboli sokubala phakathi kweminyaka ngaphandle kokukhohlisa abantu ukuba bacinge ukuba ishedyuli yokugonywa ikhula ngaphezu kwayo.

Kwaye kutheni ngo-1983? Abantwana babefumana iintsholongwane eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba. Ngomnyaka we-1963, umzekelo, baneentsholongwane zokuzikhusela kwi-smallpox, i-diphtheria, i-polio, i-pertussis kunye ne-tetanus.

Iibalo zakutsha? Nangona kungekho izitofu ezitsha okanye isitofu sokugonya kuye kwongezwa kwishedyuli yokugonywa ukususela ngo-2006, isibalo sokugonya sibonakala sinyuka ngokukhawuleza emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa.

Kwi-OpEd yakutshanje e-USAToday, 'sifunde' ukuba "amagosa ezempilo ase-US ngoku ancomela ama-69 amayeza okugoma awona mntwana ngamnye."

Kwaye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva koko, ndafunda ukuba inani lokugonya liye labhalwa "kwiimithi zokugonya ezingama-81 ezineminyaka engama-6 ubudala."

Ngoko omnye umbutho onxamnye ne-vax ucinga njani ukuba abantwana bafumana iigciwane ezingama-49, ngelixa abanye bacinga ukuba ngu-69 okanye 81? Umbuzo ongcono kuba kutheni inani labo liphezulu kakhulu kunani lokugonywa ngokusemthethweni:

• Amayeza angama-36 e-vaccines phambi kokuba aqale i-kindergarten ekhusela iintsana kunye nabantwana ngokubhekiselele kwizifo ezikhuselekayo zokugonya ezi-14
• zimbalwa ezi-22 ukukhangela ukuba usebenzisa izitofu zokugonya, njengePediarix, Pentacel, uKririx, Proquad, kunye neFlumist

Kufuneka kucacise ukuba bafaka isifo sokugonya kubangelwa ukuba baveze abazali abanegciwane.

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Iifakela

Iigciwane ziyingozi-funda nje ifom yefayili!

Abantu abanokukhusela abantu abanqwenela ukucaphula izinto ezivela kwiipakethi zokufaka iigonti. Ingeniso yefakeli ifakwe kwisitofu ngasinye (kunye nezinye iimichiza) kwaye iyafumaneka ngokubanzi kwi-intanethi.

Njengengxenye yabo "isishwankathelo seenkcukacha ezifunekayo zenzululwazi ezifunekayo ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kweziyobisi," i-pack package ifaka uluhlu lweempendulo ezingalunganga. Ngelishwa, le nto inokuvela kwiimpendulo ezimbi ezithe zafunyanwa kwizilingo zesikliniki ukuya kwisenzo esingaqhelekanga esingaphantsi kwesiganeko, esingaphantsi kwesibalo sokubakhoxela imeko kunye neempembelelo ezingathandekiyo ezivela kwii-postmarketing.

Leli qela lokugqibela leengxelo ezithintekayo zempembelelo ezingathandekiyo ngokuqhelekileyo lowo unqatshelwe ukukhusela abantu xa efuna ukutsho ukuba isitofu sokugonya sibonakaliswe sisengozini okanye siboniswe ukuba senze i-autism. Ngokwemigaqo ye-FDA, nangona kunjalo, le ntlobo yeempendulo ezimbi zichazwe ngokuzithandela kwaye zifakwe kwi-package ye-pack ngaphandle kwanoma yiphi indlela yokuseka "ubudlelwane obangela ukuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi."

Ngamanye amagama, ukufakwa kwepakethe yokufaka iiglofu akusiyo isibhamu sokubhema "iigonti eziyingozi" ubungqina bokuba ukulwa nokugonya abantu bakholelwa.

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Eminye i-Vaccines ixhunyiwe kwiiNqanaba eziPhulo zeMntwana eziPhakamileyo

I-anti-vaccine abantu bazama ukudibanisa amazinga okufa kwabantwana (inani lokufa ngamnye ku-1,000 abazalwa ngokuzalwa) kunye nenani lezitofu ezinika abantwana babo.

Ukuba izitofu zazingekho nengozi, zithi, ngoko kutheni izinga lokufa kwezingane eUnited States liza kuba liphezulu kunezinga lokufa kwabantwana kwamanye amazwe angakhuseli abantwana babo kwizifo ezininzi ezinokukhusela?

Akumangalisi ukuba amazinga okufa kwabantwana kunye neentsholongwane zizinto ongenakuzidibanisa. Ngolunye udaba, iingcali ezininzi zichaze ukuba ukuthelekisa amaxabiso okufa kwabantwana phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo akunakuthembeka ngenxa yokuba bonke ababalanga ukuzalwa okufanayo.

Kwaye ininzi iingcali zifumene ukuba enye into, ukubeletha kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, isemva kwezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantwana eUnited States. Bakholelwa ukuba izizathu ezinxulumene nezifo zokufa zibaluleke kakhulu kubafundi bethu abaswelekileyo bokufa kwezilwanyana kunokuba ezinye izizathu ezinokwenzeka, ezifana neziphene zokuzalwa, i-SIDS, iingxaki zezempilo zomama, okanye ingozi engazenzanga.

Kutheni, unokubuza, ukuba izinga lokufa kwabantwana lancipha ngamanani e-12 e-United States ukususela ngo-2005 ukuba abantwana baqhubeka befumana iigcini ezininzi?

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Uninzi lwabantu abadala abakwazi ukufika kuMhla wokuPhucula

Intsholongwane endiyithandayo yokuchithwa yam yile: "Unokukhusela njani umhlambi wezilwanyana ukuba ngaba abantu abaninzi abantu abazange bafikelele kwiindawo zabo zokuzikhusela kwaye ngoko bangenakuzivikela?"

Ukujonga kwiShedyuli yokuNgcwaba yabantu abadala, ngokudlulileyo, akukho ezininzi izinto zokukhuthaza abantu abadala ukuba bafumane ngaphandle kwephetyu. Kwaye nangona i-tetanus isifo esithathelwanayo, asixhatshazwayo, ngoko ukukhusela umzimba akukho nto enokuyenza ngayo.

Uninzi lwabantu abadala alukhuseli kwizifo ezininzi ezinokukhuselwa ngenxa yokugonywa okanye ziba nesifo xa bebantwana. Akudingeki ukuba bafumane i-MMR, isitofu sokugonya inkukhu, okanye isitofu sokugonya i-polio, njl.

Abantu abadala kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokugonywa kweTdap ukuze bawaphephe i-pertussis, kodwa oko kuyinconyiso elitsha, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba abaninzi abantu abazange babe nalo.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukukhuselwa komzimba ongekho ubungqina obufanayo-buyiyo yonke into. Unako ukuphazamiseka kwinqanaba lomzimba we-pertussis, umzekelo, ngelixa i-immune immune ikhusela wonke umntu kwi-polio. Kungenxa yokuba amanani okugoma afunekayo ukuze kugcinwe imfutho yegciwane ihlambulukileyo isahluko ngasinye kwisifo ngasinye.

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Abantu abagulayo mabafanele bahlale ekhaya

Ukusuleleka kubantwana abaninzi, kubandakanya izifo ezininzi ezikhuselweyo zokugonya, usasazeka kakhulu phambi kokuba uqale ukubonisa iimpawu. Ukulandela isicwangciso sokuhlala ekhaya xa ugula akuyi kukuthintela naluphi na ukuphazamiseka okuvela kuyo.

Abantu abanomasisi, umzekelo, basasazeka ukuya kwiintsuku ezine ngaphambi kokuba bahlakulele ukukhwabanisa, okuyiyo xa beqala ukuba bayazi ukuba banesisulu.

Ngokufanayo, abantu abane-pertussis, okanye ukukhwehlela, baxhaphaza kwiiveki zokuqala zokugula. Ngeli nqanaba, baninzi bahlala benomkhuhlane omncinci, osihlandlo kunye neempumlo ezixhambileyo, ukukrazula, kunye nomkhuhlane ophantsi. Akunjalo kwezinye iiveki ezimbalwa ukuba bahlakulele ukuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela abaye bacinga ukuba bane-pertussis, lonke ixesha elibonisa wonke umntu ojikelezayo.

Kuthiwani ngezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo zokhuseleko ?

Le nto ibali elifanayo, yintoni isicwangciso sokuhlala ekhaya xa ugula ngamasisi okanye i-pertussis ayiyi kugcina abanye abantu ukuba bangagula:

• Iimvumba - Usuleleka kwiintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba unesifo esisebenzayo.
• I-hepatitis A - Abantu abanentsholongwane banokuphelisa intsholongwane ye-hepatitis A ukuya kwiiveki ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba bavelise i-jaundice kunye nezinye iimpawu.
• i-rotavirus - Unomdla kakhulu kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba uqale uhudo.
• Inkomo yenkukhu - Usuleleka kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kokuqala ukuhlakulela ukukhwabanisa kwenkukhu.
• Umkhuhlane - Uhlala usenezela ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba uvelise iimpawu zomkhuhlane.
• I-polio - Abantu abane-polio baxhaphaza ukuya kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwi-10 ngaphambi kokuba bavelise iimpawu.

Kufuneka kucace ukuba usulelekile kwaye unokubangela ukuba abanye bagule kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba wazi ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unesifo sokukhusela igciwane, kuquka abo bancinci ukuba banokugonywa kunye nabo baneengxaki ze-immune. Ukukhetha ngokuzithandela ukungena kwiigciwane, kunye nombono wokuthi uya kutyhila indlu yakho ekhaya xa begula ukuba bagweme ukutyhila abanye akuyi kubakho ukuphazamiseka okwenzekayo.

Icala le-flip yile yinto yokuba kunzima ukuphepha izifo ezikhuseleke ngokugonya ngokuzama ukuphepha abantu ababonakala begula.

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Iimediya Zenza nje Ukuthungula Abantu Ngeemveliso kunye Nokwenkqisa

Imishumbiso iyisifo esinoyikekayo, isifo esinqandekayo.

Ngaphambi kowe-1963, kwixesha langaphambili lokugonya, kwakukho ama-500,000 amachiza e-United States kunye nokufa kwabangama-500 ngonyaka, kunye neemeko ezininzi kunye nokufa ngexesha lemiba yesibini kwiminyaka emithathu.

Ekupheleni kuka-1989 ukuya ku-1991, kukho amacala angama-55,622 kunye nokufa kwabangu-123 e-United States, oku kwakhokelela kwinconywa kubo bonke abantwana ukuba bafumane i-booster MMR.

Nanamhlanje, imasisi ibulala abantu abayi-122,000 ngonyaka ngonyaka jikelele. Kwaye kwimihlaba yezoshishino, imasese isasweleka:

• Ngethuba lokuvuthwa kwemasisi enkulu eYurophu ngo-2011, kwakukho iimeko ezingaphezu kwama-30 000, ezakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abasi-8, iimeko ezingama-27 ze-encephalitis yamasisi kunye nama-1,482 matyala enyulu. Akumangalisi kukuba, amaninzi amaninzi ayengavumelekile (ama-82 ekhulwini) okanye angagonywanga ngokupheleleyo (13 ekhulwini) abantu.
• Ngo-2013, ubuncinane ubunzima be-2,499 kwi-Dutch "ibhanti yeBhayibhile" kunye nenye imeko ye-measle encephalitis kunye nokufa omnye, intombazana eneminyaka eli-17 ubudala. Phantse zonke iimeko ze-measle kule nkquthela zingabonakali kwaye abaninzi banabantwana.
• Ngeemviwo eziyi-10,271 ze-roulebhu eYurophu ngo-2013, kunye nezona zihlandlo zifunyenwe eJamani, e-Italy, eRomania, eNetherlands nase-United Kingdom, kwakukho iziganeko ezisibhozo ze-measle acute encephalitis kwaye kuye kwafa abathathu.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba kuvele ukuvuthwa kwemasisi enkulu? Abantu abaninzi baqala ukugonywa kwaye iimeko ziyahla. Abantu banokubona isandla sokuqala ngendlela imasisi embi kunye nezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya zingabakho.

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Awukwazi Ukuyibulala Ukuba Umntwana Wakho Ulimala I-Vaccine

Akuyinyaniso ukuba awukwazi ukutshitshisa ukuba umntwana wakho akalimele ngophene.

Ngaphambi kokuba umntu azame ukumangalela umenzi wokugonywa ngokuthe ngqo, kufuneka aqale afake ibango kwiNkqubo yoNyango yokuXhoxiswa kweNjongo yokuNyulwa kweNyanga (iNkundla yeNtlawulo). Ummangalelwa unokufaka ityala lomntu ngokuchasene nomenzi wokugonywa ukuba ibango lawo liphikisiwe okanye ukuba bayayinqabela imbuyekezo enikezelwa emva kokuba ibango labo livunyiwe. Enyanisweni, oku kwenzeke kutshanje kwi-Bruesewitz v. I-case ye-Wyeth, eya eya yonke iNkundla Ephakamileyo yase-United States.

Inkqubo kaZwelonke yokuNyulwa kweNyanga yokuKhuselwa kwabaNyango yenziwe ngumThetho weSizwe wokuKhuselwa kwabaNyango wokuNyango ka-1986 njengenkqubo yokufumana isinxephezelo semisebenzi kubantu abafuna ukufaka ibango lokuba baxhatshazwe okanye bengozi ngenxa yokugonya, kuquka zonke iigonti ebuntwaneni. ishedyuli yokugonywa.

Njengenxalenye yale Nkqubo yokuHlaselwa kweNtsholongwane, i-Ofisi yeMasters ekhethekileyo kwiNkundla yase-United States yeeNkcazo zeSigqeba ijongisa kwaye yenza izigqibo kulezi ziganeko zengozi yokugonya, ezibandakanya i-anaphylaxis, i-thrombocytopenic purpura (MMR), okanye i-polio (polio vaccine).

Ukususela ngo-1989, ama-3,540 amabango ahlawulwe, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuhlala, ngelixa ubuncinane ama-9,734 amabango axoshwa.

Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ngokwe-HRSA, "Izigqibo ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko lwezitofu akufanele zitsalwe ngokusekelwe kwimeko yokuba amagosa azinzileyo. Ukuhlaliswa yindlela enye yokulungisa ngokukhawuleza isikhalazo okanye ibango." Kuninzi kunqabileyo kwiyodwa kwezi zizathu ukuba zihambe ngendlela yonke ukuya kwisigqibo senkundla.

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Iigonyana Ziya Kuphikisa Abanye okanye Uninzi Unqulo

Kukho iinkolelo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinokuthi zichaswe ngokupheleleyo kwiigciwane, kuquka amacawa amancinane angamaKristu akholelwa ekuphulukiseni ukholo kwiinkonzo zonyango kunye nabaSosayensi abangamaKristu, bakholelwa ekuphiliseni ngomthandazo kwaye bacinga ukuba izitofu azikho imfuneko.

Kukho amaqela amaninzi nakwezinye iicawa ezichasene nokufumana abantwana kunye nabo ngokwabo bachonywe, oku kunceda bachaze ukuqubuka kwezifo ezikhuselweyo. Ezi ziquka amanye ama-Amish, amanye amasonto aguqukayo aseDutch kunye namanye amaSulumane. Akukho sikhalazo esipheleleyo kwiigciwane kula maqela. Ngaphandle kwamasektshintshi aguqukayo aseDatshi, kukho i-subset echaza izigulane "njengesipho esivela kuThixo ukuba sisetyenziswe ngokubonga" kwaye izinga lokugonya kule mihlaba liye landa.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuqubuka okukhulu kwemasyuni e-Ohio kutshanje kwaxhunyaniswa neqela lama-Amish eliye laya ePhilippines. Babengafuni ukugonywa, kodwa babengazi ukuba bafuna ukugonya kwe-MMR xa bephuma kweli lizwe. Abaninzi banokukhawuleza bafumana izibhengezo zabo ukuze bancedise ukuqubuka.

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuchasene nenkolo yeenkolo , nangona zihlanganiswe ecaweni okanye kwiqela lonqulo, kukhanye ukwesaba ukhuseleko lokugonya olwenza abanye abantu baphephe iigciwane.

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Uninzi lweempembelelo zecala aluyixelwa ngugqirha

Iziphumo zecala lokugonya zingabikwa kwiNkqubo yokuBika iSigxina seNkcazo yokuVimba (i-VAERS) ngabani na, kuquka nabanikezeli bezempilo kunye nabazali ngokwabo. VAERS, "eqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya ulwazi kwiingxelo zeziganeko ezimbi (iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo ezinokwenzeka) emva kokugonywa" akuzona nje oogqirha.

Kwakukuhlalutya ii-VAERS zibika ukuba ingxaki yokugonya iRotaShield yafunyanwa kuqala (ingozi eyongeziweyo yokunyuka kwengqondo), kwaye yanceda ekukhokeleni iiconic ukususwa kwimarike.

I-VAERS ayisoloko yinkqubo yokujonga ukuthengiswa kwee-post-marketing eyenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba izitofu zikhuselekile, nangona kunjalo. Ukongeza kwimibiko yokuzithandela ku-VAERS, iDatalink ye-Safety Vaccine iye yafuna idibaniselwano phakathi kweempembelelo ezimbi kunye nokugonywa ukususela ngo-1990 ngokujonga kwiirekhodi zempilo ezichongiweyo ezivela kwimibutho engama-9 enakekelwa ngokubanzi. I-database ye-Datalink yeNgceciso yokhuseleko iquka ukulandelwa kwamanyathelo okugonywa ngumntwana ekuhambeni kwelinye ilanga, amanani amaninzi kunye nazo nayiphi na iziganeko ezimbi.

Iprojekti yoVavanyo lweKhuseleko lokuKhuselwa kweKlinikhi okanye i-CISA isinye isixhobo sokuhlaziya iziganeko ezimbi ezinokuthi zidibaniswe neigciwane.

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Iingcali ezininzi zinxamnye ne-vaccines

Iingcali ezimbalwa zezokwelapha zichanekile ngokuchasene nemigomo.

Xa ufumana enye, ngokuqhelekileyo umntu ode kakhulu ngaphandle kwezonyango zabo (ukuba bafunda unyango ...), njenge:

• UDkt. Russel Blaylock - i-neurosurgeon ethatha umhlalaphantsi ocinga ukuba ungobuchwepheshe bezitofu kunye nezifo ezikhuselweyo zokukhusela phakathi kwezinye izinto ezingahambelani neurosurgery. Ukongezelela ekukholweni ukuba izitofu ziyingozi kwaye azisebenzi, uDkt. Blaylock ucinga ukuba i-mercury ekuzaliseni amazinyo kunye ne-fluoride emanzini yingozi, phakathi kwezinye iindibano zeqhinga.
• UBob Sears, MD, FAAP - udokotela wezingane, uDkt. Bob wabhala incwadi ye -Vaccine Book , equka iinkqubo zakhe zokugoma ezikhethiweyo kunye nokunye, kodwa ngabaphi abazali abaninzi basebenzisa njengesizathu sokungagcini abantwana babo. Kananjalo uhlala ephazamisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka kwezifo ezikhuselweyo kwiindawo ezihlala kuyo.
• UMark Geier, MD - i-geneticist, wayesebenze ubungqina obuyingcali kwiimeko ezili-100 zokulimaza igalelo kwaye wadala uluhlu lweeklinikhi ukuphatha i-autism ngemirhumo engozi. Ilayisenisi yezokwelapha kaDkt Geier isuke ichithwa kumazwe amaninzi, abagwebi baye balawula ukuba "akanakho uqeqesho, ubuchule kunye namava" kule mimandla kwaye uthe ubungqina bakhe "abufanelekanga ngokupheleleyo," kwaye amaphepha ayishicilele bagxekwa ngenxa yeziphene kunye nokungalunganga kwaye omnye waye waxoshwa.
• USusanne Humphries, MD - i-nephrologist "eyashiye inkqubo eqhelekileyo," uDkt. Humphries uye waba yi-homeopath kwaye wabhala incwadi yokukhusela. Uyakhathazeka kakhulu noGqirha Paul Offit (isichenge sokugonywa kwangempela).
• UDkt. Boyd E. Haley - uprofesa wekhemistra asetshenzisiwe emsebenzini, uBoyd Haley unenkolelo eqinileyo yokuba i-mercury kwiigonti zibangelwa i-autism kunye neGulf War Syndrome, isilumkisa ngeengozi ze-mercury kumaalgams amazinyo (ukuzaliswa), kunye noDkt. Haley wathengisa ishishini i-chelator njenge-supplementary supplement yokuphatha i-autism de ivalwe yi-FDA.
• UDkt. Viera Scheibner - kunye ne-PhD kwi-micropaleontology (wafunda iifostile ezincinci), uDkt. Scheibner waba yinkokeli ye-anti-vaccination movement e-Australia, ukudibanisa iigciwane kwi-SIDS. Kususela apho uqhubekele kwiingcamango zokuthi izitofu zenza i-autism ne-baby syndrome.
• UJB Handley - umsunguli weGeneration Rescue, umbutho we-autism uJenny McCarthy, uJB Handley, akumangalisi, ukholelwa ukuba izitofu zibangelwa yi-autism.
• UJenny McCarthy - nangona ngoku ebiza ukuba akachaswanga nokugonywa, abantu abaninzi abathengisa i-credit Jenny McCarthy ngokuvuselela intshukumo yokulwa nokugonya, ngokusebenzisa "iYunivesithi yeGoogle" ukwenza uphando lwaloo maqhina phakathi kweigciwane kunye ne-autism.

Ezi zimbalwa nje zezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yiingcali kwi-anti-vaccination community. Ziyinkqubo yabo yokuqhelana xa uthelwa ukuba izitofu azikhuselekile kubantwana bakho.

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Iigciwane zezingane Ziyimbangela yeziNinzi zeziNtu

Iintsholongwane ezigonywayo azikho imbangela yokugqabhuka okukhulu.

Enyanisweni, xa umntu ogonywe ngokupheleleyo kwiSixeko saseNew York afumana isisulu ngo-2011 waza wafumana abanye abantu abane abagulayo, wenza iindaba ezinkulu kuba kungabonakali kangangoko.

Uninzi lwezifo ezikhuseleke ukugonywa zibangelwa ngabantu abangenasigxina okanye abangagonywanga ngokupheleleyo.

Abantu abachasene ne-pertussis yokugonya bangaba ngabaphathi bebhakteria ye-pertussis kwaye bayabangela ukuqubuka kwe-pertussis. Nangona kukho inyaniso kule nto, akusiyo isitofu sokugonywa esenza abaphetheyo. Ucwaningo lwe-FDA kwiimfene ezigonyelwe i-pertussis yokugonywa (aP), ngelixa likhuselwe kwi-pertussis, liyakunikwa i-colonised when exposed to bacterial pertussis. Baya kuthi ke bafumane iimfene ezingavumelekanga zigula nge-pertussis.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba isitofu sokugonywa kwe-pertussis asizange sibaguqule kwizithuthi okanye bawaphelise ibhaktheriya ye-pertussis. Esikhundleni saloo, iimfene ezigonyelwe kwisifundo zaphethwe yi-pertussis xa zibonakaliswe kwiibhaktheriya, nangona zingabonakali ziimpawu, zaba ngabathwali abanokubangela abanye abagulayo (ukuba babengenakuzivikela).

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Iigonyana Zenza I-Baby Syndrome Ishukunyiswe

Oku kufuneka kube yinkcazo engafanelekanga eyenziwa ngumntu ochasayo-ukuba izitofu zibangelwa yintsholongwane yomntwana.

Iiwebhusayithi ezincinci zokugonya kunye nabantu kubonakala ukuba zenze lo mbandela zabo zizodwa, zibiza ukuba "awona kuphela amagciwane awonakalisa abantwana bethu, kodwa loo nto yenzakaliswa ngokugxeka abazali abangenacala."

Esikhundleni sokunceda "abazali abangenacala," ezi ndawo zibonelela ngenjongo yokuzikhusela emva kokulimaza kwaye zihlala zibulala iintsana zabo.

Baye bazenzela izifo ezintsha, njenge-scurvy egxothwayo. Kwaye ndazama ukubuyisela ingcamango yokuba izitofu zenza i-SIDS, nangona ixabiso leSIDS liphantsi.

Eli akusilo iqhinga elitsha.

Amagqwetha aphinde azama ukukhusela abaxhasi babo abatshutshiswa ngentsholongwane ye-baby syndrome ngokuthi besetyenziselwa ukugonywa kwe-DTP. Ngokutsho kweZiko leSizwe kwi-Shaken Baby Syndrome, "abashushisi beengxaki zentsana ezanyakazelayo kufuneka baqaphele ukukhusela okungelona nyaniso baze balungiselele ukukhuphela lo bungqina bonyango obungenakutyala."

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Inkukhu yokukhusela i-Pox idala i-Surge in Casing Cases

Inkukhu yokugonywa kwenkukhu ayiyi kubangela ukunyuka kwamatyala okanye i-shingles epidemic.

Nangona kubekho ukunyuka kwiimeko zeengqungquthela, kuboniswe ukuba:

• Umkhwa wokunyuka kwamatyala abantu abadala baqala ngaphambi kokuba siqale sinike abantwana ithuba lokugonya inkukhu e-United States
• Iimeko zokunyuka kwama-shingle matyala kubantu abadala abazange banyuswe emva kokuba siqale ukunika abantwana inkukhu yokugonywa kwenkukhu e-United States
• Iimeko zokunyuka kwama-shingle matyala kubantu abadala zikhona kwamanye amazwe awayeke awanike abantwana ithuba lokugonya inkukhu

Enyanisweni, ukongeza ekukhuseleni abantwana malunga nenkukhu yenkukhu, kubonakala ngathi inkukhu yokugonywa kwenkukhu inganciphisa umngcipheko wexesha lokukhula.

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I-US inika i-Vaccines engaphezulu kunezinye iindawo eziphuhlisiwe

Ngaba sinika ezininzi izitofu eUnited States kunamanye amazwe?

E-United States, abantwana bafumana:

• Amayeza angama-36 e-vaccines phambi kokuba aqale i-kindergarten ekhusela iintsana kunye nabantwana ngokubhekiselele kwizifo ezikhuselekayo zokugonya ezi-14
• ezimbalwa izitofu njengexesha elishumi elinanye: HPV, MCV4, Tdap

Ziziphi ezinye iindalo zorhwebo ezizenzayo kubantwana bazo?

Abanye, njenge-Iceland, banikezela ngokuncinci, bengasaniki iigciwane kwi-rotavirus, i-hepatitis A, i-hepatitis B, okanye i-chicken infections. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Iceland lizwe eliqingqiweyo eliqhelekileyo elinabantu abangaphezulu kwama-300,000, nangona kunjalo, okwenza kube ncinane kunezona zixeko ezinkulu zaseMelika. Kwaye banokugoma abantwana babo kunye nentsha ngePentavac (DTaP-Hib-Polio), i-Synflorix (i-PCV), i-MenC, i-MMR, i-DTaP, i-HPV kunye ne-dTaP-Polio inxube. Ngoko i-Iceland ayikho into echasayo yokugonya okanye isigxina esiphezulu kunokuba i-United States; Baye bachaza ukuba abemi babo abasengozini yezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya eziqhelekileyo eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe amakhulu.

Abanye abaninzi, njengase-Australia, eCanada, e-UK, eJamani, eNetherlands naseFinland, njl., Ngoku banamathemishana afanayo okugonywa njenge-United States.

Amazwe amaninzi ayabamba, ukukhusela abantwana kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya, umzekelo, ukongeza iigciwane le-rotavirus ne-HPV. Ukuba isitofu sokugonywa asilahleki kwishedyuli, ngokuqhelekileyo i-hepatitis A okanye isitofu sokugonywa kwenkukhu, nangona loo mazwe aqhubeka nokujonga iirhafu zezi zifo ukuze abone ukuba isitofu sokugonya sifanele songezelelwe.

Enyanisweni, kwamanye amazwe, iintsana zifumana amanqanaba angaphezulu okugonya ngexesha lokuba neenyanga ezi-4 ubudala, njengoko zifumana iintsholongwane kwiiveki ezine, xa zineenyanga ezi-2, iinyanga ezi-3 kunye neenyanga ezi-4 ubudala. ixesha eliphakathi kweenyanga ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa eUnited States.

Kwaye kwamanye amazwe, njengeJamani, abancinci banokufumana amanani angaphezulu okugonya kunokuba sinike eUnited States. Umzekelo, ngeenyanga ezili-15, abantwana baseJamani bafumana:

• 4 amanani weDTaP
• 3-4 i-IPV
• 3-4 ama-HepB
• 3-4 ama-Hib
• 4 eyenziwa ngo-Prevnar
• Izifo ezi-3 ze-Rotavirus
• Ukugonya kwe-Meningococcal C (enganikelwa eMelika)
• Amanani ama-2 e-MMR yokugonya (umlinganiselo we-dose 1 e-US kule minyaka)
• Izifo ezi- 2 ze-inkukhu yokugonywa kwenkukhu (umlinganiselo we-dose 1 e-US kule minyaka)

ETaiwan, ngelixa abantwana befumana iigciwane zeHib, i-rotavirus, okanye i-HPV, bafumana zonke ezinye izitofu, kunye nokugonywa kwe-BCG kunye nesitofu sokukhusela i-encephalitis yaseJapan.

EMzantsi Korea, ngaphezu kwezo zonke izitofu eziqhelekileyo ezinikezelwe eUnited States, kubandakanywa nokugonya umkhuhlane, ngeenyanga ezingama-24, abantwana bafumana i-BCG kunye ne-Japan encephalitis vaccine.

IJapan inexesha elincinci lokugonywa, ngokuba lihlula kwiigciwane (Hib, Prevnar13, i-DTaP-IPV, i-DT, i-BCG, i-MR, i-JapE, kunye nokugonya kwe-HPV) kunye nokugonya okuzithandela (umkhuhlane, inkukhu, inkukhu , i-hepatitis B, i-hepatitis A, ne-vaccine ye-rotavirus). Uthini umahluko phakathi kwesigxina kunye nokuzithandela? Izibhengezo eziqhelekileyo zinikezelwa mahala. Akumangalisi ukuba izitofu zokugonywa kwezigonyana ngokuzithandela zincinci kunezitshixo zokukhululeka, eziqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-30 kuphela zezingane zichonywe ngokuchasene nenkukhu yaseJapan.

Ngokubanzi, sihlala sinika ezininzi izitofu eUnited States kunamanye amazwe. Le ngxabano echasene ne-vax enenyaniso kuyo. Enyanisweni, bayolulela inyaniso xa beqhathanisa ishedyuli yokugqibela yokugonywa esuka e-US ukuya kwiishedyuli ezisetyenziswe kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwi-10 edlulileyo kwamanye amazwe. Njengoko ubona kwiinqonkco zingasentla, amazwe amaninzi afake iigcino ezifanayo esisebenzisayo rhoqo namhlanje kwaye ezininzi zinika iigcino ezongezelelweyo esingazinikiyo.

Ehlabathini lonke, abantwana abangaphezulu kunanini ngaphambili bafumana iigcino eziseShedyuli yeSisiseko sokuSondeza esinconywayo kubo bonke abantwana ngohlelo lwe-WHO olwandisiweyo kwi-Immunization, kuquka ne-BCG, i-HepB, i-Polio, i-DTP, i-Hib, i-Prevnar, i-Rotavirus, i-Measles, iRubella, ne-HPV .

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Ukunyuka kwe-Anti-Vax Kukhula

Intshukumo ye-anti-vax ayikhuli.

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba inxaxheba yokulwa nokugonya kwaqala ngo-2007 xa uJenny McCarthy, esebenzisa idigri evela "kwiYunivesithi yaseGoogle," kunye nendodana yakhe njengayo "inzululwazi," yavela "kwi-Oprah" kwaye yasuka ekubeni ecinga ukuba ngu-indigo umntwana ukuba azi ukuba walimala ngamagciwane.

Abanye bacinga ukuba inkululeko yokulwa ne-vax yaqala xa uDkt. Bob eshicilela "iNcwadi yokuVimba," apho abantu abaninzi babhekisela kuyo ngokuthi "Incwadi Yokukhusela I-Vaccine."

Kakade, oku kwakungesiqalo sentshukumo yokulwa nokugonya. Kwakungekho ukuqala kweentshukumo zokulwa nokugonya, okwenziwa nguDkt., Encwadini yakhe, "Izinyathelo Ezibulalayo: Indlela yokuThuthwa kweNtsholongwane yokuThumela isifo sokuThabisa isifo esisongelayo sonke," ichaza njengesiqalo ngokukhwaza kwengxelo echaziweyo " I-DPT: I-Roulette yokugonya "nguLea Thompson ngo-1982.

Akumangalisi ukuba intshukumo yokugqibela yokukhusela ikhulile ikhusele isitofu sokugonya. Abantu bangayichasa njani isitofu sokugonya, xa i-pox encinci yayisifo esiyingozi kangaka? Ngaba ubungakholelwa ukuba nangona ezinye zeenkcukacha zitshintshile, ezininzi zeengxabano zabantu abachasayo kwi-1700s zifana nezo abantu abazisebenzisayo ngoku, kuquka oku:

• isitofu sokugonywa asiyi kunika i-immunity long-life
• isitofu sokugonya siya kukunika i-syphilis
• kulwa nqulo lwabo
• I-pox encinci ayikho into embi

Ngenhlanhla, abaninzi abantu banokugonywa kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-smallpox ayithethikiyo njengoko ezinye izifo ezikhuseleke ngokugonywa, ezifana nesisisi, i-pertussis, okanye umkhuhlane, ekugqibeleni zachithwa, nangona kuphazamiseka kwamaqela achaphazelekayo.

Intshukumo ye-anti-vax ayiyi kukhula ngokwenene. Iyakhuphuka iphantsi kwayo yonke ixesha, kodwa njengoko ibetha ingqungquthela njengesifo esinqandekileyo sokukhusela isifo esiphezulu, ukuqubuka kuqala ukuvela, kwaye abantu abaninzi banokugonywa.

Abantu abaxhasa ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana ezikhuselweyo kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya kufuna ukuba umjikelezo uyeke, ukuze singabalindi abantwana abaninzi ukuba bagule kwizibilini ze-measle, ama-mumps, kunye ne-pertussis, njl., Ngaphambi kokuba abazali beve ukuqala ukugoma kwakhona.

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Iigonyana azihloliswanga kunye

Iigonti zivavanywa kunye.

Cinga nge-vaccine Pediarix, edibanisa i-DTaP, i-hepatitis B, ne-IPV (i-polio) kwisibhozo esisodwa. Ukusetyenziswa ukususela ngo-2002, ivivinywe ngeHib kunye ne-Prevnar ngexesha elinye kwiinyanga ezimbini, ezine, neenyanga ezintandathu. Kulo tyelelo, iintsana zifumana ukudibaniswa kunye kunye ne-DTaP, i-hepatitis B, kunye ne-IPV shots, ngaphezu kwe-Hib ne-Prevnar shots.

Eninzi inhlanganisela eminye yeentlobo zokugonya ziye zavavanywa kunye, kuquka:

• I-MMR, i-Varivax (inkukhu yenkukhu), kunye ne-Hib ne-Prevnar
• I-DTaP, i-hepatitis B, i-IPV, ne-Hib kunye neRotaTeq
• I-hepatitis A ene-DTaP, IPV, Hib, kunye ne-hepatitis B

Futhi khumbula ukuba ngaphezu kwezilingo zeklinikhi ezenziwe phambi kokuba igonywa livunywe yi-FDA, edla ngokuquka ukuvavanya kunye nezinye izitofu, iinkqubo zokujonga uluntu emva kokukhangisa ziyaqhubeka zikhangele iingxaki ezinokuthi zonke ixesha.

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Ndiyi-Vac-Safe Vaccine, Not Anti-Vaccine

Ngesizathu esithile, abantu abachasayo abanqwenela ukubizwa ngokuba banokukhusela igciwane. Ixesha labo elikhethiweyo malunga nento abayiyo "igciwane lokukhusela elikhuselekileyo."

UJenny McCarthy ngumntu osandul 'u-anti-vax ukuba avele njengoko ebiza ukuba akayilo nxamnye nokugonya.

Baye bafuna ukusebenzisa ukufanisa ukuba ukuba ucele ukuba inqwelo okanye imoto ikhunjulwe ngesiphene, ke akukho mntu unokukubiza ngokuba yinqwelo-moya okanye inqola imoto, akunjalo?

Ngokuqinisekileyo, oko kukufanisa, ngenxa yokuba sonke sifuna iindiza ezikhuselekileyo kunye neemoto, kwaye ngelixa sifuna ukuba inqwelo engaphephile okanye imoto iya kugqitywa, asiyi kufumana izinto ezili-100 ezingafaniyo kuyo yonke indiza okanye imoto ewake bekhona kwaye benze abantwana bethu bahambe yonke indawo abaya kuyo.

Ukuba awufuni ukubizwa ngokuba ngumntu ochasayo, musa ukusebenzisa ipropaganda, izichaso zokuthetha ngegciwane, kunye ne-top-top-rhetoric ukuze uqhubeke ne-agenda yakho ye-anti-vax.

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Kukhuselekile ukulinda kude abantwana bakho babekhulile ngaphambi kokuba bafumane i-Vaccinated

Ngokuqinisekileyo akusilondekile ukulinda ade abantwana bakho bebekhulile ngaphambi kokuba bagcine.

Cinga ukuba unobungozi obukhulu kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya xa ususana kunye nosana. Oku kunjalo ngokukodwa kwi-rotavirus, i- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib), kunye nesifo se-pneumococcal (Prevnar).

Ubuncinane bokuba la mayeza:

• Iinyanga ezili-6-11 zeHib
• Iinyanga ze-3-35 ze-rotavirus
• Iinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-18 zezifo ze-pneumococcal (iintsuku ezi-3-5 zokunyuka kwe-pneumococcal meningitis)

Kwaye ngokungafani nabanye, njengepolisi kunye ne-diphtheria, ezi zifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya zihlala zijikeleze kakhulu.

Kuthiwani ngezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo lokugonya, njenge-pertussis, i-influenza, kunye nemasisi, njl. Ukongezelela ekubeni esengozini kwezi zifo xa ziselula, abantwana bayaqhubeka besengozini xa bekhula. Sekunjalo, baya kuba sebunciphekweni beengxaki ezinzulu kulezi zifo ezikhuseleke ukugonya xa zifumana ezincinci. Kutheni belibazise ukugonya kwabo kwaye babeke ingozi enkulu?

Kakade, ingcamango jikelele kubonakala ukuba ukulibazisa isitofu sokugonywa kude kube ngumntwana osemdala kuya kubangela ukuba bancinci kwimiphumo emibi evela kwisitofu-gciwane le-myth-anti-non-true. Ngelishwa, liza kubashiya bengakhuselekanga ixesha elide, bebeka engozini yokubamba isifo esinokukhusela isifo esichengeni isifo.

Akukho nzuzo yomngcipheko / umvuzo wokulibazisa izitofu. Ndandise ingozi.

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Inkundla yokugonywa yiNkundla ikhuphe iibhiliyoni eziya kubantwana abaKhulelweyo

Nangona kuyi nyaniso ukuba ukususela ngowe-1989, iNkqubo yeNkxaso yoNyango yokuKhuselwa kweNtsholongwane kaZwelonke (okanye iNkqubo yokuKhusela i-Vaccine Programme) inikezele i-$ 2,671,223,269.97 yezigidi (ngo-Matshi 2014), kubalulekile ukukhumbula engqondweni:

• amaninzi amatyala azinzileyo kwaye azisekelwe kwisigqibo senkundla
• amaninzi amatyala axoshwa

Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, gcinani engqondweni ukuba i-2 billion yezilwanyana zokugonya zanikwa i-vaccines phakathi kuka-2006 no-2012, xa kuthelekiswa neentlawulo ezi-1,328 kuphela ezenziwe yiNkqubo yeNtsholongwane.

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Iigonyana zidala ukuphikiswa kwiiVirus neBatteria

Ngaba izitofu zenza ukuchaswa kwiintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya?

Siyabona oku okuninzi xa sithetha ngeebhaktheriya ezinqabileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwee-antibiotics. Ngaba yinyani efanayo kwiigonti?

Ngaba sibona ukugqabhuka kwamasisisi ngenxa yokuba igciwane lesiraga liguqule kwaye likhuseleka kwi-MMR? Ngethamsanqa, ukugonya kwe-MMR kusebenza kakuhle kwaye igciwane lesiraga alizange liguqule okanye likhuphe.

Kukho uphando olubonisa ukuba ibhaktheriya yaseBordetella pertussis ishintshile, ekhokelela abanye abantu ukuba bakholelwe ukuba ukuchithwa kwe-vaccination-driven rotation kungabangela ukuba kuqubuke kwe-pertussis. Ezi ntlobo ezintsha ze-pertactin-negative ze- B. pertussis ziye zaguquka ngokunyanga kokunyulwa kwe-vaccine.

Ngethamsanqa, i-pertactin inxalenye enye ye- B. pertussis esetyenziselwa ukwenza iigciwane zangoku ze-pertussis. I-CDC ithi "ubungqina obukhoyo bubonisa ukuba izitofu ze-pertussis ziyaqhubeka zikhusela izifo ezibangelwa ziintlobo ze-pertactin-positive kunye ne-pertactin-negative pertussis, kuba ezinye izakhi zokhuselo zikhusela." Ngamanye amazwi, akubonakali ngathi lolu tshintsho kwi- B. pertussis ibhakteria yenza ukuba i-pertussis igonwe okanye ingabangela uxhaphalo lwangoku lokukhwehlela .

Akukho bubungqina bolu hlobo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo okanye ukuguqulwa kwesigontsho kwezinye iindiza okanye iibhaktheriya. Ukuba intsholongwane yentsholongwane yatshintsha minyaka yonke yinto eyaziwayo kwaye yayiyenzeka kakuhle ngaphambi kokuphuhliswa kwesifo sokugonya komkhuhlane wokuqala.

Kwaye kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezigciwane ezithile kunokunceda ukukhusela izifo kunye ne-antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ukuhla kwe-antibiotic ukusetshenziswa, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwezinye iintsholongwane ezinqanda i-antibiotic.

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Izingane ezingenagxinwa ziPhezulu kunabantwana abaNcinci

Ezi zihloko zikholisa ngokuqinisekileyo:

• Izifundo zibonakalisa ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuba abantwana abangenasiphelo bayaphila kakhulu kunontanga yabo
• Uphononongo olutsha lubonisa abantwana abangabonakaliyo abaPhilile kakhulu-Iimfuno eziphantsi kweeMeko eziPhezulu kunye ne-Autism
• Isifundo esiphezulu seSifundo siphelela: Abantwana abangenasigxina abaPhilile kunomNgco
• Abantwana abagonywe bafikelele kwi-500% ngaphezulu kwezifo kunabantwana abangenasigxina

Akumangalisi ukuba akukho ncinane malunga nalezi zifundo okanye uphando ngaphandle kwesihloko sazo esiya kukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abangenasigxina banempilo kunabantwana abagonywe.

Okokuqala, bonke bathetha ngesifundo esifanayo, okwakungekho isifundo, kodwa kunoko kukho uphando lwe-intanethi apho udokotela wasekhaya waseJamani, u-Andreas Bachmair, wabuza abazali abangabantwana abangenasigxina ukuba bazalise ifomu engaziwa. Emva koko wafanisa iirhafu zezifo ezi zivela kulezi fom kwazo zonke ezipapashwa kubo bonke abantwana (i-German Interviews kunye ne-Survey Examination for Children and Adolescents okanye i-Kinderund Jugendgesundheitssurvey, i-KiGGS).

Ngokwahlukileyo, isifundo sangempela eJamani, "Indawo yokugonywa kunye neMpilo yabantwana kunye nentsha," yabheka iirekhodi zezobugqirha kwi-KiGGS ukubona "nokuba abantwana abangenasigxina kunye nabaselula bayahlukileyo kulabo bachonywe ngokwempilo."

Izifo ababezijongayo zibandakanya ukunyuka kwegazi, i-eczema, i-bronchitis engavimbelayo, i-pneumonia kunye ne-otitis media, isifo senhliziyo, i-anemia, isifo sokuxhamla, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuxhatshazwa komzimba (ADHD).

Akumangalisi kukuba, olu phofu lwesibini lufumene ukuba abantwana abangenasigxina babekwazi ukufumana izifo ezikhuselwe ukugonya. Nangona kunjalo, kwagqitywa ukuba "ukusabalalisa kwezifo ezikhuselekanga kunye nezifo ezingekho ngqo kwiintlobo zabantwana kunye nabaselula abafumanekanga kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zokugonywa."

Ngenxa yoko, ekubeni abantwana abangenasigxina kunye nabancinyiweyo baneengxaki ezifanayo zesifo, i-pneumonia, kunye nezinye iimeko, njl., Kunye nabantwana abangakhuselekanga nabo banakho amathuba okufumana izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya, ezifana nesifo semasisi kunye neengqungquthela, ezingathandeki ngathi njengezingane ziphilile.

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Abantu abazange basebenzise ukukhathazeka malunga nezifo ezikhuselweyo

Ayonyani. Uninzi lwabantu luxhalabele kakhulu malunga nezifo ezikhuseleke ukugonya kwixesha langaphambili lokugonya.

Ngethuba lokuvuthwa kwepolori kwiminyaka ye-1940 ukuya kuma-1950, umzekelo, ngaphambi kokuba i-vaccine yokuqala ikhutshwe, kwakungavamile ukuba:

• amachibi okuvala
• eenkampu zasehlotyeni ukuvala
• iicawa kunye nezikolo ukuvala
• iidolophu zonke ukuba zenzeke

Abazali bahlala beloyiko lokuba abantwana babo bafumane i-polio, "ukwesatshiswa kwehlobo."

Ngomnyaka we-1952, inqaku elisePiklinger's Personal Finance , "Lezo zifo zobuntwana," zathi "Enye yezona zinto zizama ukuba ngumzali zixhalabele nokungaqiniseki ngokufayo komfusa, imfucu, inkukhu kunye nezinye izifo ezithintekayo eziza ebuntwaneni. "

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba wena okanye umntu ohlala kwintsapho yakho uthintekile kwisifo sokukhusela isifo (umama wam unayo i-polio) okanye unelungu lentsapho ekhumbula "ukukhathazeka nokungaqiniseki" kwexesha eliphambili lokugonya, kulula kakhulu ukuba ukugxotha ingcamango yokuba abantu abazange bahlale bexhalabele ngezifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya.

Kulula kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba ngabazali abachaphazelekayo ngaba malunga nezi zifo xa ubona indlela elula ngayo ukufumana abantwana babo bagonywe xa kugqitywe isitofu.

39 -

Esinye Isifundo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zingaphi izifundo ezenziwayo ukubonisa ukuba izitofu zikhuselekile, zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye azibangeli i-autism, abantu abachasene nokugonywa rhoqo emva kokufunda olunye.

"IsiFundo esinye" sasiza kubandakanya iqela elilawulayo labantwana abangenasigxina abaza kufumana indawo ye-placebo endaweni yesigonyo sangempela. Ngale ndlela, banokuqhathanisa nabantwana abagonywe kubantwana abangenakuvuthwa.

Kwakungeke kubandakanye nayiphi na umphandi owake wafumana isibonelelo kumenzi wesigontsho, i-federal agency, okanye urhulumente welizwe langaphandle ukukunceda ukuphepha ukudala isifundo "esiza kubakho iingxabano."

Njengoko abaninzi abantu bayacinga ukuba, isifundo esinjalo phakathi kwabagonywe kubantwana abangenasigxina kungeyonto. Esikhundleni sokubheka nje abantwana abakho abazali abaye bakhetha ukuba bangagcini ngamabomu, kwisifundo sokugonywa ngokungafihli, awukwazi kwaye awukwazi ukukhetha ukuba umntwana wakho ufumane isitofu sokugonywa okanye utyilongo lwamanzi anetyuwa omshiyayo izifo ezikhuselwe ukugonya.

40 -

Ubungakanani bobukhulu bufanele yonke iShedyuli yokuNgcotshwa

Kutheni bonke abantwana kufuneka bafumane iigonya zabo ngokufanayo, ukulingana komlinganiselo omnye-sonke ishedyuli yokugonywa?

Cinga ukuba umntwana wakho uyingqayizivele ukuba ishedyuli ekhethiweyo okanye enye yokugonywa ingaba ngcono okanye iphephile?

Umntwana wakho unokuzikhethela ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa isistim sakhe somzimba ngokuqinisekileyo siya kuphendula kwiigciwane kunye nezifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya njengam.

Kwaye kukho imigaqo kunye nokulungelelaniswa okwakhiwe kwishedyuli yokugonywa ngokuqhelekileyo ukunceda iakhawunti kulabo abaneengxaki zesistim somzimba okanye ezinye izinto ezingqiniswangayo zokunyanga.

Ngokwe-American Academy okanye kwi-Pediatrics, "Ishedyuli ithathwa njengeshedyuli efanelekileyo kubantwana abasempilweni, kodwa kunokuba kubekho okungafaniyo. Umzekelo, umntwana wakho akanako ukufumana ezithile izitofu ukuba unesifo sokunyamezela kwisithako kwisigontsho, okanye ukuba unesistim somzimba sokusilela ngenxa yokugula, isigulo esingapheliyo, okanye unyango oluthile. Ngamanye amaxesha ukudubula kufuneka kudityaniswe ixesha elifutshane kwaye ngamanye amaxesha anganikiweyo nonke. "

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ishedyuli yokugonywa yenziwa ukuze izitofu zinikezelwe "kwixesha apho umzimba womzimba uya kusebenza okusemgangathweni" kunye "nesidingo sokukhusela abantwana kunye nabantwana kwiminyaka yokuqala kakhulu." Lezo azizona izinto ezikhethekileyo kubantwana abahlukileyo.

Ngokudala ishedyuli yokugonywa "ekhethekileyo" yomntwana wakho okanye ulandele uvavanyo lukaDkt. Bob lokunyanga lokugonywa, ukhawuleza ukugembula ukuba umntwana wakho akayi kuboniswa kwesinye sezifo ezikhuselweyo zokhuseleko ongazange ukhusele umntwana wakho okwangoku.

41 -

Oogqirha Awufundanga Nantoni Ngeentlovu

Emva kweminyaka emine ekholejini, ugqirha we-allopathic (MD) okanye ugqirha we-osteopathic (OD) uchitha enye iminyaka emine esikolweni sezokwelapha kwaye wenza umsebenzi wokuhlala kunye nokuhlala okungenani iminyaka emithathu.

Ngelo xesha, kukho amathuba amaninzi okufunda ngamagciwane kunye nezifo ezikhuselweyo. Ukusuka kwi-biology ye-cell kunye ne-immunology ukuya kwizonyango kunye neyeza zentsapho, abafundi bezonyango kunye noogqirha bafunda okuninzi ngezifo ezikhuselwe ukugonya kunye nokugonywa.

Kutheni ama-anti-vagx sites kunye nabazali abachasayo kwizigulana zomyalezo bathi oogqirha abazi lutho malunga neigciwane?

Kutheni abazali abaninzi becinga ukuba bayazi ngaphezu kwezingane zabo xa engazi ukuba yeyiphi iigonya ezenziwe ngeoli ye-peanut (Adjuvant 65) okanye yakutshanje kwi-squalene?

Akunjalo kuba ugqirha wakho akakwazi kakhulu ngeigciwane.

Kunoko, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba ugqirha nje akwaziyo malunga ne-anti-vaccine ingqungquthela yamaqhinga onokukuva oko akufumene ukwesaba ukugonya abantwana bakho.

Ixesha elingakanani i-chiropractor okanye i-homeopath lichitha ixesha lokufunda ngamagciwane?

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Abazali Akunakusemthethweni Ukunyanga Izingane Zabo

Ndicinga ukuba abanye abantu abachasene nokugonya badidekile malunga nokwahlukana phakathi kokugonywa okunyanzelekileyo, ukugonywa kwamagunya, ukukhutshwa kwezigulane, kunye nezibophelelo zomthetho, njl njl.

Izibophelelo zomthetho zomgaqo-nkqubo wokufumana abantwana bakho abagonywe kuphela ukuba bahambe nokuya esikolweni okanye kwintsuku.

Kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba nangona uthetha ngeigciwane ezigunyazisiweyo okanye ezigunyazisiweyo, zineigonti ezifunekayo ukuya esikolweni okanye ekunakekelwa kweso.

Akukho mithetho okanye izicwangciso zemithetho eya kubaphoqa abazali ukuba batyelele abantwana babo. Kumazwe angenakho ukufumana izibonelelo zokufumana i-vaccine elula, akukho mntu uza kubamba umntwana wakho aze amphose ukuba agonywe.

Oko kuthethwa, akukho lungelo lokuba ngumgaqo-siseko kubazali ngenjongo yokuba bangagonyanga abantwana babo kwaye bawabeka engozini kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya.

Yaye ugcine ukhumbule ukuba nangaphandle kokukhutshwa kwegciwane, izikolo zinelungelo lokugcina abantwana bakho abangenasiphelo esikolweni xa kukho ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezikhuselweyo.

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Ayikho iigciwane ezenziwe ngabantu abadala?

Ngaba zonke iifana zifumana isilinganiselo esifanayo samagciwane njengabantu abadala?

Hayi njalo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe kwiminyaka yabantwana kwezinye izitofu, kuquka:

• ukugonya kwe-hepatitis B (iifomatric and adult formulations)
• i-hepatitis A (iifomatric and adult formulations)
• I-Fluzone I-Pediatric Dose (iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwi-35 iinyanga) vs Fluzone
• I-DTaP (isifo somntwana) vs Tdap (10 nangaphezulu)

Iigonyile aziqhelekanga zisekelwe kwisisindo somntwana okanye ubudala, ngaphandle kwezi zihlandlo ezimbalwa, akukhathazeki ukuba iintsana ziyafumana umlinganiselo ofana nomntwana okanye umntu omdala.

Inani elincinci lama-antigens kwisigonyilo alinakuhamba ngqo emzimbeni wakho ukuba asebenze njenge-antibiotic okanye esinye isiyobisi. Zivele zivuselele amangqamuzana omzimba osondeleyo apho i-vaccine yanikezelwa khona.

44 -

I-HPV Vaccine ikhuthaza abantwana ukuba babe nezesondo

Ngaba ukufumana isitofu esikukhusela kwi-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) kuthetha ukuba i-adolescents yakho iya kusebenza ngokulalanayo?

Ngaba baya kuba neentlobano zokulala ngokwesondo okanye babe nesondo esingakhuselekanga?

Nangona bevakala njengemibuzo engacabangi, abanye abazali basayisebenzisa njengesizathu sokungagonyanga abatsha babo.

Ngethamsanqa, loo mibuzo sele iphendulwe kwaye abo bazali bafanele baziva bekhululekile ukufumana abantwana babo igonywe nge-Gardasil okanye kwiCervarix, iigciwane le-HPV. Isifundo, " Iingxaki zobungozi kunye nokuxhaswa ngokwesondo emva kwe-HPV Vaccination kwi-Adolescents ," waphetha ngokuthi "ingozi yecandelo emva kokugonywa kwe-HPV ayizange ihambelane neendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesondo kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezalandelayo."

45 -

Oogqirha Musa Ukugonya Izingane Zabo

"Ukuba oogqirha abaninzi banqabile ukuwunika abantwana babo, yintoni eyanitshelayo?"

Ewe, abanye oogqirha abagonyanga abantwana babo. Le nkcazo ngasentla ivela kwi-chiropractor yokugonya, kwaye ndicinga ukuba akagonyanga abantwana bakhe.

Andiyi kumangaliswa ukuba kukho abanye abantwana besifo esincinci abangagonyanga abantwana babo okanye abakhulu. Ukuba uDkt. Bob Sears, uDkt. Jay Gordon kunye noDkt. Larry Palevsky bachonga iishedyuli ezikhethiweyo kunye nezinye iindlela zokugonywa kwezigulane zabo, ngoko kutheni sifanele silindele ukuba benze into eyahlukileyo kwiintsapho zabo.

Uninzi lwabazali bezilwanyana kunye nabanye abaninzi oogqirha bezogulana banokugonywa abantwana babo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba phantse bonke abantwana bezonyango baphelele abantwana babo emva kweshedyuli yokugonywa rhoqo kwaye banike abantwana babo zonke iigcini zabo.

Kwaye bonke oogqirha ndiyazi ukugoma abantwana babo.

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Kutheni sifuna ukufaka i-Toxin kwi-Kids yethu?

Ewe, asikho. Kwaye sasingekafiki ngaphambili.

Ngoko ngoku isithintelo siphume kwiimpawu zokugonya, kutheni abantu abachasayo bexhalabele ngeengxube kwiigciwane?

Kakade, bavele bathuthela kwezinye izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-toxin-i-toxin gambit.

Bakhathazekile ngoku:

• i-aluminium - i-adjuvant eyongezwa kwiintsholongwane ukwenzela ukuba iphumelele. Kwakhona kufumaneka ngokwemvelo kwezinye izinto ezininzi, kubandakanya amanzi okusela, ubisi lwebele, kunye nefomula yobusana . I-aluminium ayizange ithathe indawo ye-thimerosal kwiigciwane. I-aluminium ayilondolozi. I-aluminium "isetyenzisiwe kwaye ifundwe kwiigciwane iminyaka engama-75 yaye iphephile."
• i-formaldehyde - isithako esishiyayo (ininzi isuswe) esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-toxins ingasebenzi kwaye ibulale ii-virus kunye ne-bhakteria ezingangcolisa isitofu ngexesha lokwenziwa. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba i-formaldehyde yikhemikhali yendalo. Imizimba yethu yenza i-formaldehyde, ngoko akuyikrele nje, njengoko i-formaldehyde ingaba yingozi. Khumbula: I dose yenza ubuthi.
• i-thimerosal - isilondolozo esasetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukungcola kwaye esasetyenziselwa kwizigulane ezininzi zamachiza wokugonya umkhuhlane, nangona ininzi iifana zifumana i-flumer-free free shots kwi-single-dose vials okanye i-vaccine ye-spinal flual vacray vaccine.
• I-MSG - njenge-sorbitol (iswekile) kunye ne-gelatin, i-MSG yongezwa kwezinye izitofu njenge-stabilizer.
• iiprotheni zeqanda - izinto zokuhlala zeseli ezinqamlekileyo, ezifana neeprotheni zeqanda, zikhoyo kwezinye iigcini (umkhuhlane kunye ne-yellow fever). Ukwenza isitofu sokugonya, igciwane lesigontsho okanye ibhaktheriya ngokuqhelekileyo ikhulile kwinkcubeko yeseli ephuma kwi inkukhu, inambuzane, i-extract, okanye iinunu zezintso zezintso, njl.
• i-neomycin - i-antibiotic esetyenziswayo ikhusela ukungcola kwebhakteriya ngelixa i-vaccine isenziwa. Ezi antibiotics, ezinokuthi zibandakanye i-polymyxin B kunye ne-gentamicin sulfate ekugqibeleni zisuswe kwisigonyo kwaye zihlala kuphela kwiimali ezisele.
• i-antifreeze - ngaphandle koko, i-ethylene glycol (i-antifreeze) ayiyona isithako nasiphi na isitofu sokugonya, esinokuthi sibe ne-polyethylene glycol, ikhemikhali eyahlukileyo.
• izicubu zesisu - izitofu aziquki naziphi na izicubu zomntwana ezisuka kumntwana obushushu. Izitofu ezimbalwa zenziwa ngeemigca yeseli ezazisuka kwiiseli ze-fibroblast zisuka kumntwana osusayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le mizila yeseli iphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngoku ikhulile ngokuzimeleyo, isuswe kude kwimizila yokuqala yeseli ithathwe kuma-1960s, kwaye akukho namaseli amatsha asetyenziswayo.

Ngoko ngoxa ubona uluhlu olude lwezithako "ezinobuthi" kwiwebhusayithi ye-anti-vax, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ukugonya okuqhelekileyo kuya kubakho nje:

• i-antigens yokugonya-eyenziwe yintsholongwane yezilwanyana eziphilayo, ezinokubulala iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane ezincinci okanye ibhaktheriya
• i-adjuvant - ngokuqhelekileyo i-aluminium. I-Squalene, i-adjuvant 65 (ioli ye-peanut), kunye nezinye izigulana ongazifunda ngazo azizisebenzisi kwiigciwane e-United States.
• i-stabilizer - kuquka i-gelatin, i-albin, i-sucrose, i-lactose, i-MSG, okanye i-glycine
• ixabiso elincinci lezinto zenkcubeko zeseli
• inani elincinci lezinto ezenziwayo ezingasetyenziswayo
• inani elincinci lala mayeza

Ngoko, ngaba ufanele ukhathazeke ngalezi zithako?

Kwinqaku ekhethekileyo kwi-Pediatricians, "Ukuthetha ngokukhathazeka ngabazali: Ngaba iiglofu ziqukethe ii-Preservatives ezikhuselekileyo, ii-Adjuvants, i-Additives, okanye i-Residuals?" Ababhali baphetha ngelithi ngaphandle kwithuba elingaqhelekanga lokuziphendulela kwe-gelatin kunye neeprotheni zeqanda, ezinye izithako "azifunyananga zibe yingozi kubantu okanye kwizilwanyana zokulinga."

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Iintsana Azinasidingi I-vaccine ye-STD

Abantu abachasene ne-anti-vax, ke, bathetha malunga nokugonya kwe-hepatitis B xa bebeka le ngxabano.

EUnited States, i-hepatitis B ixhaphake ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuqhagamshelana ngesondo kunye nomntu osuleleke kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B. Unako ukufumana i-hepatitis B ngokuzityhila kwintsalane engcolileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, kunye nokungafaneki nokubhala, ukubhoboza, okanye ukunyanga, njl njl.

Iintsana nazo zisengozini xa unina unesifo esiphumelele okanye esingapheliyo sokusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B. Ngaphambi kokuba i-vaccine ye-hepatitis B yokuqala ilayisenisi, abantwana abangaba ngu-18,000 baphuhlise ukusulelwa kwe-hepatitis B ngelixesha abaneminyaka eli-10 ubudala.

Ngaba isifo sokugonya singakhange sinikezelwe kubantwana abasengozini enkulu?

Oku kwenene yavanywa xa igqirha lokuqala liphuma. Kwiminyaka yokuqala eyi-10, kwacetyiswa kuphela ukuba abantu abakwiindawo ezinobungozi begonywe nge-vaccine ye-hepatitis B. Ngelishwa, abantu abaninzi, kuquka nabantwana, banesifo sofuba se-hepatitis B.

Kwaye kwada kwaba yilapho sitshintshile kwisiqhinga sokugonywa ngamazwe onke ngo-1991 ukuba iirhafu ze-hepatitis B zokungenelela ziqale ukuhla. Enyanisweni, izinga lokusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B kwabantwana lanciphise ama-89 ekhulwini njengoko i-hepatitis B yonyango yokunyuka kwenyuka ukusuka kuma-16 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo.

Ingxaki ngeqhinga elijoliswe kuyo kukuba akuyena wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba basengozini okanye ukuba banokusuleleka kwintsholongwane engapheliyo ye-hepatitis B. Kwaye nangona xa uzama ukuvavanya bonke oomama ngaphambi kokuba bavelise umntwana wabo, ezinye iintsana ziya kufumana kwaye ziya kuphuhlisa i-hepatitis B. Yiyo eyenzekayo ngexesha leminyaka yokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B.

Enye ingxaki abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba i-hepatitis B ingadluliselwa kuphela ngokuziphatha okubi kakhulu, njengokuziphatha ngesondo nomntu onesifo sofuba. Ngelishwa, unokufumana i-hepatitis B ngokusebenzisa ukuxhatshazwa okungaqhelekanga, kubandakanye ukwabelana ngento yokuhlamba, ukuhlamba , okanye i-razor ehlambulukileyo negalelo elincinci legazi. Yaye ukhumbule ukuba akuyiyo yonke inaliti yamathanga enenjongo.

Yintoni eyenzekayo xa ufumana i-hepatitis B? Kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka oyifumanayo, kuba:

• Iipesenti ezingama-90 zentsana zikhulelwe ngonaphakade
• Amaphesenti angama-30 ukuya kuma-50 abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-5 ubudala abanokusuleleka
• Amaphesenti ama-5 abantu abadala aphelelwe yintsholongwane

Ngelishwa, ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B okungapheliyo kunokukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwesibindi kunye nomhlaza wesibindi.

48 -

Ulungelelwano olulingana neCausation

Kutheni abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba izitofu zenza i-autism?

Ngenxa yokuba kulula ukucinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba izinto ezimbini zenzeke malunga nexesha elifanayo, kufuneka ukuba enye ibangele enye.

Ixesha eliqhelekileyo elithi "ukulungelelanisa kuthetha ukuxhatshazwa," kodwa abantu abachasayo, akukho "kuchaza" ekucingeni kwabo. Bakholelwa ukuba ulungelelaniso okanye ulwalamano phakathi kwamagciwane kunye ne-autism lubonisa ukuba izitofu zenza i-autism.

Kwaye akunjalo nje ngokuba umntwana wabo ubonakala ehlaziya emva kokuba bephethe izibhamu, kodwa kwakhona ukulungiswa okunye okuninzi okugonywayo kwongezwe kwishedyuli yokugoma ngaphaya kweminyaka, abantwana abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba bane-autism.

Kwakhona, kubantu abathile, ukulungiswa kubonisa ukuxhaswa.

Ewe, loo ndlela yokucinga ingqiqo. Ibinzana lokwenzululwazi lithetha "ukulungiswa akubhekiseli kwimeko."

Kungenxa yokuba izinto ezimbini zibonakala zinxulumene, akuthethi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba enye ibangela enye. Usenokwenza uphando oluthile ukubonisa okanye ukuchasisa imbono yakho, yile nto yintoni esazi ukuba iigcini azibanga i-autism.

Ukuba sasihamba nje kunye nokulungelelana kubonisa indlela yokucwangcisa izinto, sinokucinga ukuba:

• Ukuthengiswa kokutya kwendalo kubangela i-autism
• i-ayisikrimu ibangela i-polio
• i-ayisikrimu ibangela ukubulala
• Ukungenisa iilmu eMexico kuvimbela ukufa kweendlela
• Izihlalo zeemoto zibangele i-autism

Ukutya i-ayisikrimu akuzange kubangele i-polio, njengokuba abantu babekholelwa. Kwakuyinto nje engafanelekanga ukuba ukuqhuma kweepilisi kwenzeka ehlotyeni xa abantu badla i-ice cream ngaphezulu.

Ulungelelwano alubhekiseli kwimeko .

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Iigonya azinakugonywa

Abantu abaninzi abachasene neentlogithi bathi banenjongo yokugonywa. Ingxaki kubo kukuba ukugonywa akugonyanga.

Udidekile? Ekubeni abaninzi abantu bacinga ukuba la magama amabini athetha into efanayo, andiyikumanga ukuba ukhona.

Makhe sijonge kwiingcaciso ezimbini zeMeririam-Webster zezo zimbini kwaye sibone ukuba kutheni ukugonywa akugonyanga kubalulekile.

• Ukugonywa kwabantu okanye izilwanyana zasekhaya ezincinci eziye zanyangwa ukuba zibenze nengozi ngenjongo yokunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-immunity
• ukugonywa - ukudala ukukhuseleka ngokuqhelekileyo ngokumalunga nesifo esithile; ngokukodwa unyango (njengokugonywa) kwimizimba ngenjongo yokwenza i-immune-specific particulars

Ngoko, ukugonywa kubangela ukukhuselwa komzimba. Njengoko kukho ezinye iintlobo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanya ukukhuselwa komzimba (ufumana isifo esona kwaye uhlakulele izifo zokulwa ukuze ungabuyiselanga kwakhona) kunye nokuzikhusela okungapheliyo (njengokuba iintsana zangasemva zengqungquthela zingena kwi-placenta), ndicinga ukuba unokuthi ukugonywa akusoloko kugonywa.

Kodwa awunakuthi ukugonywa akugonyanga. Le ngxabano eyintandokazi phakathi kwezinye izigulana zokugonya "iingcali," kubandakanywa ezininzi zonyango, kodwa kucacile.

Xa abantu abachasayo baxelele oku, oko bathethayo kukuba iigcini azisebenzi, aziyi kudala ukukhusela, azizange ziphelise i-pox encinci kwaye azizange zancede ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya.

Ukukholelwa ukuba izitofu azigonyanga, kufuneka uthenge kwiinkcukacha ezininzi zokulwa nokugonya. U-Tim O'Shea (uDkt. T), isicrotractor ngokwenene wabhala incwadi ethi Ukugonywa akugonyanga . Uphinde ulumkise wonke umntu malunga nezidakamizwa zeebhiliyoni ezigidi zamabhiliyoni kunye neenqwelo zokugonya ezigwenxa kuwe kwaye zidala imboni entsha ye-Shaken Baby kunye ne-Peanut Allergy kunye ne-Autism epidemics.

Ukugonywa kugonyo.

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Ndenza uphando

Abantu abachasayo abatshoyo ukuba baye benza uphando lwabo ngokuqhelekileyo benze konke kwiziko le-anti-vaccination.

Ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukwenza uphando lwakho kwaye wenze isigqibo esiphezulu kwintsapho yakho, ukongeza kokuchitha ixesha kwiindawo ezichasayo, kufuneka ukhulume neengane zakudala kwaye:

1. Funda incwadi ethi Deadly Choices: Indlela I-Anti-Vaccine Movement isisongela ngayo Konke ngoPaul Offit , MD
2. Funda iincwadi zokuThengisa kakuhle kweNtsana yakho kunye neVito leeNyanga? !
3. Funda incwadi ethi I- Panic Virus : Ibali Eliyinyaniso leMithi, iSayensi, kunye noyiko lukaSeth Mnookin
4. Buza Imibuzo eyi-10 yokwahlula inyaniso kwiNzululwazi yeNkohliso
5. Funda inkcazo yokutshatyalaliswa kwesoyiko: Ingozi kaDkt Sears
6. Hlola ukuba kutheni iigcini zinyani azixhunyiwe kwi-autism
7. Funda ngezinye zeengcali - kunye neenyaniso-malunga nokugonya
8. Ukuphonononga le mibuzo emi-20 ephezulu malunga neNtsholongwane
9. Qonda ukuba kutheni umntwana wam ugonywe ngokupheleleyo
10. Funda ezintlanu izinto ongazange wazi malunga nokugonywa kwabantwana
11. Jonga indlela abazali abathandekayo, uxoxwa ngayo
12. Yimangalisi isizathu sokuba abazali baxhamle inkolo yokukhusela izitofu
13. Funda ukuba kutheni uninzi lweeNtsholongwane eziNcinci ziNgcini-ziPhilo aluyikubamba amanzi.
14. Qonda indlela yokuHlola iziNcedo zoNyango oluNyanisekileyo
15. Umbuzo Wayephi "Uqhotyoshelweyo Umzali" Woza Kuthetha Ukunyanga Umgudu?
16. Qonda iiTactics kunye namaTropes we-Antivaccine Movement
17. Funda Yintoni eyenzekayo xa singagonyanga?
18. Funda Ukushiya uMququzeleli woKhuselo
19. Ungalandeli i-Herd
20. Funda Imibuzo Eyisithoba. Izimpendulo ezithoba.

Yaye uchithe ixesha elithile kwiiwebhsayithi ezibonelela ngeengcebiso ezifanelekileyo malunga nezitofu:

• I-CDC - Kubazali: Iigciwane labantwana bakho
• I-AAP - Abantwana abanempilo
• I-CHOP - Iziko leMfundo leZigcino
• Yonke into yabantwana ngababili - Vimba intsapho Yakho
• Ikholeji yeeNgcali zeFiladelphia - Imbali yeeNtsholongwane
• Imindeni elwa neFlu
• Abazali Bantwana abanezifo ezithathelwanayo
• Iimvo zeViccini
• Coalition Action Action

Ukuba unemibuzo okanye ukukhathazeka, udokotela wakho wezilwanyana uncedo olukhulu ukukunceda ukuba uhlalutye ngeengcali kunye neengcamango eziphosakeleyo ezijikeleza izitofu kunye nokukhusela ukhuseleko.