Ngaba abantwana bakho basengozini xa kuqhambuka?
Uninzi lwabantu luyaqonda ukuba sifumana ukugonywa kwethu kubantwana bethu kunye nathi ngokwezifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya , ezivame ukubangelwa izifo ezisongela ubomi.
Izitofu esizifumanayo nazo zikhusela wonke umntu osijikelezayo. Umkhuhlane we-Herd uchaza ukuba xa abaninzi abantu bengabikho kwisifo, kuya kuba nzima ukuba nabani na oya kugula aze aphelise umntu eenkomo, kuquka nabangakhuselekanga.
Nangona baninzi abanenjongo yokugoma abantwana babo okanye bazincoma bona abayiyo inxalenye yomhlambi okanye abakholelwa kwi-immune immune, basenjalo. Ziyilungu elingenakukhuseleka lenkomo elithembela kulo lonke ukukhusela.
IiNtsholongwane ze-Anti-Vax kunye neengcamango ezingalunganga
Enye yeengcali ze-classic okanye iingcamango ezingalunganga ukuba abantu abachasene ne-vax basebenzise ukuqikelela ukuqala kwezibhedlele zezifo ezikhuseleke ukugonya, bathi abantwana babo abangenasicatshulwayo abanalo mngcipheko kuthi sonke ngenxa yokuba sonke sinezitofu zethu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo bacinga ukuba ngabantwana babo abangenasigxina kunye nabo ngokwabo abaya kuba mngciphekweni kwizifo ezikhuseleke ngokugonywa, ezidla ukucinga ukuba aziyingozi, enye inkolelo yamandulo.
Ngelishwa, njengoko inani elikhulayo lokuqhawuka kwemasyuni e-United States libonakalisa, akukho nkolo-mfundiso yecawa yokulwa.
Enyanisweni, njengoko siqhubela phambili ukubetha iirekhodi ezintsha, sibona:
- Iintsana ezincinci ukuba zigonywe zibanjwe ekugqibeleni njengoko zivezwe kwiofisi okanye esibhedlele, apho umntu onomasisi efuna ukunakekelwa.
- Abantu abaneengxaki ze-immune kwiingxaki zokungena ngokungafunekiyo kwi-measle, njengoko kwenzeke e-Pittsburgh, xa umfundi weekholeji kunye nesifo semasisi esityhila ngokucacileyo malunga nezigulane ezingama-100 zomhlaza.
- Abantu bahlakulela iingxaki ezinzima zemasisi, njengomniki-nkonzo wonyango oye wavelisa i-measle encephalitis ngexesha lokuqubuka komsinya omkhulu kwi-Fort Worth.
Sifunda kwakhona ukuba kuninzi kangakanani ukudibanisa ukuqubuka komasisi.
Kwakukho iimeko ezingama-220 zamasisi eMelika ngo-2011. Ukuqulethe i-107 kuphela kwezo ziganeko kwiingxabano ezili-16, "iindleko zokulinganisa ezipheleleyo ezihambelana nemibutho kawonkewonke ebandakanyekayo kumasebe empilo karhulumente asekuhlaleni zivela kwi-2.7 yezigidi ezigidi ukuya kwizigidi ezingama-5.3 zama-US. idola. "
Ngoko ngubani obeka ingozi xa umntu ekhetha ukungagonyanga?
Umngcipheko ophezulu - Omncinci Omncinci ukuba aphethwe
Phakathi kwamaqela abantu abasemngciphekweni kulabo abangenasigxina abantwana abancinci nabantwana abaselula kakhulu ukuba banokugonywa.
Aba bahlala bengabantwana babazali abaceba ukuwagonywa ngokupheleleyo, emva kweshedyuli yakamuva yokugonywa kwe-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, kodwa ababanakho abakhulileyo okwanelungelo lokukhuselwa.
Le ngxaki enkulu kakhulu nge-pertussis (ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela) xa iintsana ziqala ukufumana ukhuseleko kuze kube yilapho zifumana i-dose yesithathu yesigxina se-DTaP xa zineenyanga ezintandathu ubudala. Ebudeni be-pertussis e-California ngo-2010, kwiintsana ezilishumi ezafa, ezithoba zingaphantsi kweenyanga ezimbini ubudala.
Kwaye sibona oku kunye nemasisi, kuba abantwana abafumani umthamo wabo wokuqala wokugonywa kwe-MMR kude kube neenyanga ezilishumi elinambini kwaye abakhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo baze bafumana i-dose yesibini, kwiminyaka emine. Qhubeka ukhumbule ukuba abantwana abancinci kufuneka bafumane ii-MMR zabo ngaphambili xa beza kuphuma eUnited States.
Izifo ezikhuselweyo zentsholongwane abancinci abantwana abasenokuba mngciphekweni kuba badala ngokwaneleyo ukufumana iigonya zabo zingabandakanya:
- umkhuhlane - umthamo wokuqala wokugonya umkhuhlane kwiinyanga ezithandathu, kunye neyesibili yesibini ngenyanga.
- Inkukhu yenkukhu - njengesivinya, abantwana bafumana umthamo wabo wokuqala kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinambini kunye neyesibili yesibini kwiminyaka emine. I-dose yesibini inokunikezwa ezinyangeni ezintathu emva kokuba umthamo wokuqala, nangakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho usandul 'uvalele kwintaka yenkukhu.
Abantwana abancinci basengozini yokugonywa i-polio, i-rubella, kunye nama-mumps baze badala ngokwaneleyo ukuba bagonywe.
Ukuqwalasela ukuba kukho ii-4,000,000 zokuzalwa ngonyaka eUnited States, leyo inika ininzi intsana engozini yemasisi, i-pertussis kunye nezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya.
Imasisi, njengoko abantwana bengakhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo baze bafumana isondlo sabo sesibini semithi yokugonywa kwe-MMR xa beseneminyaka engama-4 ubudala, oko kuthetha ukuba abantwana abangaphezulu kwe-12,000,000 kunye nabantwana basesikolweni bangasengozini.
Umngcipheko ophezulu - I-System Immune System
Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abanamasosha omzimba obuthakathaka banokuwela emagqabini amaninzi, kuquka abo bangenako ukufumana ezinye iigonti ngenxa yokuba banesistim somzimba esibuthathaka kunye nabo banokugonywa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa abasenaso ukhuseleko lokuzivikela mzimba kuba bahlakulele umzimba ingxaki yenkqubo.
Kwaye ukuba beza kugonywa, ngokuxhomekeka kwisiganeko sokunyanzelwa kwe-immune, kungenzeka ukuba isitofu singasebenzi kakuhle.
Kukho ubuncinane i-180 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungabikho kokukhuselana nokukhuselana nokuzivikela komzimba kunye nabaninzi abasesekondari. Phakathi kwezi zifo zokhuseleko lwe-immune ezingabangela abantwana besengozini kwezinye izifo ezikhuselwe ukugonya ziquka:
- Ukunqongophala kwe-Antibody - i-agammaglobulinemia e-X edibeneyo, i-immunodeficiency, ekhethiweyo ye-IgA, i-IgG ye-subclass deficiency
- Izifo ezingaphelelanga kunye ezipheleleyo ze-T-lymphocyte - isifo esihlangeneyo se-immunodeficiency (SCID), i-DiGeorge syndrome, i-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, i-ataxia-telangiectasia
- Iintsilelo kwi-phagocytes function - Isifo esingasigxina se-granulomatous, i-leukocyte yokunyanzela, kunye nokulahleka kwe-myeloperoxidase
- HIV / AIDS
- Zininzi iintlobo zomhlaza
- Ukutshintshela ukufumana unyango olungagciniyo
- I-disorder efuna unyango ngama-immunosuppressive doses of steroids
Ngokutsho kwe-Immune Defence Foundation, "Sifuna ukudala 'i-cocoon' ekhuselekileyo yabantu abagonywe zizigulane ezinezifo eziphambili ze-immunodeficiency, ukuze banethuba elingaphantsi lokuba bafumane ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane efana nefuthe."
Akufanele kube nzima ukubona ukuba abanye abantwana banenjongo yokugonywa, ngokuqinisekileyo bafaka ingozi kuba bantwana abaneengxaki zokhuseleko lomzimba.
Ingxelo ye-CDC yokufa komntwana ogonywe nge-leukemia ngumzekeliso obangelwa yintsholongwane yendlela abantwana abaneengxaki ze-immune kwiingxaki ezinokuthi bangengozi enkulu kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya. Umntwana oneminyaka emine ene-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE) iqulethwe ngumkhuhlane emva kweentsuku ezingama-22 emva kokuba evelele kwinkukhu kwaye emva nje kokuqala enye ikota ye-chemotherapy, ebangela ukuba i-immunosuppression. Wayebhedlele waza wafa ngenxa yokuhluleka kwamalungu amaninzi emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
IKomiti Yokucebisa Ngonyango ye-Immune Defence Foundation ikwacebisa ukuba "ingozi eyongezelelekileyo yesifo kwintsapho yabantwana, ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokugonya ukugonya kwaye kwezinye iimeko ilahleko lokukhusela ngokukhawuleza, landisa ukwanda kwezinto ezingabonakaliyo kubantwana."
Umngcipheko ophezulu - Ayikwazi ukugonywa
Kukho neemeko apho umntwana angase abe mdala ngokwaneleyo ukuba agonywe kwaye abe nesistim somzimba esomeleleyo kodwa akakwazi ukufumana ezinye okanye zonke izitofu zakhe.
Nangona ayengaqhelekanga, owaziwa kakhulu uya kuba ngumntwana owayesongela ubomi besifo esithile kwisifo esithile sangaphambili sesitofu sokugonya okanye isigxina sokugonya. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unomdla wokusongela ubomi kwi-antibiotics ye-neomycin, ngoko akufanele ugonywe nge-inkukhu, i-polio, okanye i-MMR vaccines.
Laba ngabantwana abanesiphulelo sokwenene lwezonyango zokugonywa.
Umngcipheko oPhezulu - Okhunjelwe kunye noKhuseleka
Iigonya ziphumelela.
Ngethuba ixesha elininzi abantwana baneminyaka emibili ubudala, ba khuselwe kwizifo ezi-18 ezikhuselweyo zokugonya, kuquka i-diphtheria, i- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b, isantya, imasps, i-pertussis kunye ne-polio, njl njl.
Ezinye izitofu zisebenza ngakumbi kunabanye, nangona kunjalo. Umgudu wokugonya umasisi, umzekelo, ungaphezu kwama-99% osebenzayo ekukhuseleni umasisi emva kwamanani amabini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isitofu se-acellular pertussis sino-80 ukuya ku-85% kuphela.
Nangona isifo sokugonywa kwe-measles singaphezulu kwama-99% nangona, ukuba kukho abantwana abangama-74,000,000 nabantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-18 ubudala e-United States, oko bekuya kufaka ininzi yabantwana engozini kubantu abangenagonyanga.
Ingaba uneminyaka engama-6 ubudala ukuya kumntwana wezingane ukuba uhlolisise kakuhle umntwana, oneminyaka engama-6 ubudala one-leukemia eya esibhedlele ngenxa ye-chemotherapy, okanye uneminyaka eyi-16 ubudala enegciwane elingapheliyo, kufuneka Kucacile ukuba abaninzi abantu abasengozini xa umntu esenza isigqibo sokungagonyanga abantwana babo okanye ukusebenzisa ishedyuli enye yokugonywa.
Imithombo:
CDC. Amanqaku avela kwiNgcambu: Ukufa Kwahlanganiswa kwe-Varicella yoMntwana Okhulelweyo one-Leukemia-California, 2012. I-MMWR. NgoFebruwari 21, 2014/63 (07); 161-161.
Iingcebiso eziNinzi malunga nokuNgcotshwa. Iingcebiso zeKomidi elicebisi malunga neMigudu yokuNgcwaba (ACIP). MMWR. NgoJanuwari 28, 2011/60 (RR02); 1-60.
I-Epidemiology kunye noKhuselo lweZilwanyana eziVimbelayo. Incwadi ethi Pink. Ishicilelo se-12 Ishicilelo sesibini.
Immune Defence Foundation, eU.SA. IDF Isigulane kunye neNcwadana yeNtsapho yeZikolo eziPhambili zokuFunyezwa kweMpilo kwi-Primary FIFTH EDITION.
IKomiti yeNgcebiso yezoNyango ye-Immune Defence Foundation. Iingcebiso zegciwane le-viral kunye ne-bacterial vaccines kwizigulane ezingabonakaliyo nezigulane zabo. I-Journal ye-allergies kunye ne-Clinic Immunology.