Nangona isifo esibangelwa yi-virus ye-hepatitis B sele saziwa kusukela ngexesha lika-Hippocrates kwinkulungwane yesibini ye-5 BCE, kwakungekho ngee-1960s kunye ne-70s oko kwachongwa ngokwenene.
Namhlanje, nangona ininzi iintsana zichonywa ngokuchasene nesifo se-hepatitis B ngaphambi kokuba zishiye i-nursery, sineziganeko ezingama-40 zesifo se-hepatitis B ngamnye ngonyaka-iintsana ezifumana i-hepatitis B evela kumama.
Ngoxa kwakungcono kakhulu kunexesha eliphambili lokugonya, xa kwakukho iimeko ezingaphezu kwama-3 500 ngonyaka, oko kuthetha ukuba kusekho umsebenzi oza kwenziwa. Kwaye kuthetha ukuba kubalulekile ukuba ugonywe.
Kutheni iintsana zifumana i-Hepatitis B
Kutheni iintsana zifumana i-hepatitis B? Iingozi ziquka:
- Oomama abangazange bafumane unyango lokubeleka kwaye ngoko bazange bavavanywe nge-hepatitis B
- Oonyana abatsha ba-HBsA-positive-mothers who do not get treatment at a time, within 12 hours of birth, often because of the wrongs of health, such as not giving HBIG kunye nesitofu sokugonya ngexesha okanye konke
- Iintsana zoomama abangenaziphumo zeempembelelo ze-hepatitis B ezingenakufumana unyango ngexesha (kufuneka ukuba baphathwe ngokungathi zilungile, kuba bebengaba)
- Iintsana ze-HBsA-positive mothers who do not complete their epicination vaccination series
Kwaye kukho iintsana ezizalwe ngumama onobugcisa obuninzi, abanokuthi bafumane i-hepatitis B naphezu kokufumana i-HBIG kunye nokugonya kwe-hepatitis B.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zomlomo ezichasene ne-HBV, ezifana ne-lamivudine, i-telbivudine kunye ne-tenofovir, sinethemba lokuzigcina ezi ziintsana zingaboni i-hepatitis B.
Uvavanyo lwe-Hepatitis B lwentsholongwane ye-viral test isenziwa ngo-third trimester yokukhulelwa, ukwenzela ukuba unyango lwe-anti-infiratory mother (mother-in-breast disease) luqaliswe xa luphakamileyo kakhulu, lunceda unomama ophezulu.
Omnye umngcipheko wokuba umntwana ufumane i-hepatitis B unokusenokungabi nalolu vavanyo okanye unyango lwe-anti-virus.
Thatha amanyathelo okukhusela i-Hepatitis B
Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis B:
- Usulele iibhiliyoni ezi-2 kwihlabathi
- Ngaba unesifo esingapheliyo esingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-350 zabantu, kubandakanya okungenani izigidi ezi-2,2 e-United States
- Ubangela izifo ezingama-50 ezitsha kwizifo zonke ngonyaka
- Kungenzeka ukuba banokubangela izifo ezingapheliyo kubantwana abancinci
- Ubulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-600,000 ngamnye ngonyaka
- Ukusasazeka kumntu ukuya kumntu ngegazi kunye namanzi omzimba
- Ingabangela i-hepatitis enesifo esingapheliyo (nge- jaundice ), i-cirrhosis, ne-hepatocellular carcinomas (umdlavuza wesibindi)
Ngethamsanqa, ngokukodwa ekubeni kusekho unyango lwezi zifo, i-hepatitis B iyisifo esiphethwayo ngoku.
I-plasma yokuqala eyathatha isitofu sokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B yavunywa ngo-1981 kwaye yayisandelwa ngokutsha yesohlwayo esine-second generation generation, ngo-1986.
Nangona isitofu sokugonywa sasiphumelele ekukhuseleni ukusuleleka kwe-hepatitis B, isicwangciso sokuqala sokujolisa kuphela kumaqela angengozini (ukuchongwa okukhethiweyo) akuzange isebenze kakuhle. Oku kubangelwa kukuba abantu abaninzi babengayazi ukuba babenomngcipheko omkhulu, ingakumbi ukuba babengumntu okanye ulwabelana ngesondo nomnye umntu owayengumngcipheko omkhulu, njengokuba neqabane lamadoda amaninzi okanye usebenzisa izidakamizwa.
Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokuhlola i-risk-based (ingcinezelo ekhethiweyo kunye nokuhlola) ilahlekelwe ngabasetyhini abaninzi abakhulelweyo abanezifo ezingapheliyo ze-hepatitis B kunye nethuba lokumisa iintsana zabo ukuba zithathe i-hepatitis B.
Kungenokuba kutheni bekude kube sitshintshela kwinkqubo yokugonywa kwabantwana (ngo-1991) ukuba sakwazi ukubona ukwehla okukhulu kwiintsholongwane ze-hepatitis B kubantwana. Ngokutsho kwe-CDC, iziganeko ze-hepatitis B eziphambili zanciphise ama-96 ekhulwini kubantwana kunye nentsha ukususela ngo-1990 ukuya ku-2005.
Nangona amanye amazwe esenza ukuhlola okukhethiweyo ngokugonywa, kubangelwa kukuba banokuthi baninzi ukuhamba kwabantu abathwala i-hepatitis B kwilizwe labo ukuba ukugonywa kwe-universal kungacingwa nje ukuba kuyindleko.
Ezi ziquka amazwe afana neDenmark, iFinland, iIceland, iJapan, iNorway, iSweden ne-United Kingdom.
Uninzi lwa mazwe lugonyo lwezityalo endaweni yonke, kubandakanya ezinye, ezifana neIreland neNetherlands ezitshintshile ngokutsha kwindlela yokuhlola.
Izigulane ezimbini ze-hepatitis B, i-Recombivax HB kunye ne-Engerix-B, ngoku ziyafumaneka nakwimibumba yabantwana nabadala. Banikela ngokukhusela okukhulu (80 ukuya kwi-100 ekhulwini) malunga nokutheleleka kwesifo se-hepatitis B xa kunikezwa uchungechunge lwee dose ezintathu.
I-Pediarix yintengiso yokudibanisa equkethe i-DTaP, i-hepatitis B (Engerix-B), kunye ne-IPV vaccines kwelinye shot.
Okukwintsusa
I-Hepatitis B iyisifo esinqandekayo sokugonywa abantwana bakho abanokukuphepha. Ingaba bazalwa esibhedlele, kwiziko lokungcebeleka, okanye ekhaya, kufuneka bathonywe ngoluhlu lwesithathu lokugonya oluqala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba bazalwe.
Imithombo:
Isicwangciso esipheleleyo sokugonywa kweNtsholongwane yokuThuthukiswa kwe-Hepatitis B kwi-Virus Infection e-United States Iingcebiso zeKomidi elicebisayo malunga neMigudu yokuNgcwaba (ACIP) Icandelo 1: Ukugonywa kweintsana, abantwana kunye ne-Adolescents. MMWR. Disemba 23, 2005/54 (RR16); 1-23
I-Epidemiology kunye noKhuselo lweZilwanyana eziVimbelayo. Incwadi ethi Pink: I-Course Bookbook - I-13th Edition (2015)
Giraudon, uIsabelle. Izinto ezihlangeneyo kunye neNtsholongwane engaphelelekiyo yeentsana ezisengozini yokuPhumela kwe-Hepatitis B yokuPhelela kwe-Perinatal: Isifundo se-London ngo-2006. I-Vaccine, uMqulu 27, iNdaba 14, 23 Matshi 2009, Amaphepha 2016-2022
I-Houweling H. Iiprogram zeVVccination zikawonke-wonke ezichasene ne-Hepatitis B e-Netherlands: Ukuvavanya ukuba i-Targeted okanye iNkqubo yeSizwe ilungele. Igciwane. 2010 uNgo-16; 28 (49): 7723-30.
> Yi, Panpan et al. UkuLaselwa koMama ukuya koMntwana kwe-Hepatitis B Virus: Iziphakamiso kunye Neengxaki. Umbhalo we-Clinical Virology, uMqulu 77, ngo-Apreli 2016, iphepha 32-39