Ngaba Kukhona Into Efana "Nomphumo WeMozart?"
Uninzi lwabazali baye baliva igama elithi "I-Mozart Effect." Libhekisela kwingcamango yokuba ukuphulaphula umculo wesiqhelo kungakhuthaza ingqondo, ngakumbi kwiintsana. Inkolelo yavela ngophando luka-1993 lukhokelwa nguFrances Rauscher, Ph.D., apho abaphandi badlala i-Mozart piano sonata kwiqela elincinane labafundi beekholeji waza wacela ukuba bazalise ukuhlolwa kweengcinga zendawo.
Emva koko bafanisa le miphumo kwimilinganiselo yezizathu zokuqiqa zendawo ezithathiweyo emva kokuphulaphula imizuzu eyi-10 ye-tape yokuphumula okanye ukuthulisa kwaye ifumene ukuba iqela libonakalise kuMozart elilingene phezulu, nangona le mpukelo yokuqonda ingapheli imizuzu engama-10 ukuya kwe-15.
Ukususela ekufunyaneni okuncinci, abeendaba, abazali, kunye nabaphathi bezomthetho benza ukuxhamla kokudlala umculo kumabantwana kunye nabantwana kunye nabantu abadala bawenza ukuba baqikelele ngakumbi (into engazange iphakanyiswe nguDkt. Rauscher kunye nabahlobo bakhe). Iincwadi, iiCD, kunye neminye imveliso yabantwana kunye neyomntwana ekuthiwa yi-"effect" yaseMozart yaba yintandokazi. Ukususela ngoko, uphando oluthile luye lwahlola ingcamango yokuba nje ukudlala umculo oyingqungquthela kubantwana kunokubenza baqaphele kwaye bafumene le ngcamango ukuba ayinakwenzeka kwaye ayixhaswanga naluphi na ubungqina bokwenene. Izifundo ezininzi, kuquka iphepha likaDisemba 2013 ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard, bafumanisa ukuba umculo awunakwandiseli amandla okuqonda abantwana.
Ibali lokwenene emva kwekhonkco phakathi komculo nokufunda luyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kunokuba "uMozart wenza ukuba uqaphele": Nangona kungabonakali ubuhlobo obuchanekileyo phakathi kokuphulaphula okanye ukufunda umculo weklasi kunye nokwanda kwengqondo, uphando luboniswe ukuba kukho iinombolo ezicacileyo zokufunda ukudlala umculo.
UMculo kunye nokuFunda: Ibali leNene
Kulula ukubona ukuba kutheni abazali abaninzi bekulungele ukuhlawula wonke loo mculo omculo, iincwadi kunye neevidiyo ezixhasa iingenelo ze-"Mozart Effect" - kwakuyisithembiso sokunceda ngengqondo zabo iintsana ezinzima kwaye akukho mva. Kodwa ngoku ukuba siyazi ukuba akunjalo ukulingana okulula njengokuthi "ukuphulaphula i-Mozart = ukukhushulwa kwengqondo," kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba uphando oluqinileyo lubonisa ukuba kukho ukunxibelelana phakathi komculo nokufunda-akuyiyo into esicinga ngayo. Ukubeka eceleni ngethuba lokuba akukho "nongongoma" omnye kumntu onokulinganiswa kunye novavanyo olulodwa lwe- IQ (ngoku sele saziwa ukuba "sinamaqondo amaninzi," kubandakanya i-intelligence musical), izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuphulaphula ngokukhawuleza umculo womculo wokudala owenza ukuba uqaphele; okokuba ukufunda komculo kuvulwa iminyango ukuya kwezinye iimfundo kwaye kuyomeleza abantwana abanezakhono baya kusebenzisa ubomi babo bonke esikolweni nangaphezulu. Ezinye zeendlela ezininzi zomculo zingakwandisa ukufunda kwezingane kunye nophuhliso jikelele:
- Ukukhuthaza isiyalo (Benza ngezixhobo zabo, bafunde ukulungiselela izifundo kunye nemisebenzi, kwaye landela iishedyuli.)
- Ukwakha ukuzithemba
- Ikhuthaza ukugxininisa
- Ukuphucula ukulungelelaniswa
- Ukukhuthaza imemori
- Unceda ulwimi lwenkqubo yobunkokheli bebantwana
- Ukuphucula izakhono zokufunda
- Ukwandisa isigama
- Ukwahlukana novuyo (Ukwenza nokuphulaphula umculo kumnandi.)
- Ikhuthaza uthando lokufunda
- Unika abantwana indlela yokubonisa ubuchule
- Unika abantwana inzuzo yoluntu (yindlela enhle yokuxhuma namanye amavumi kwaye udlala kunye kwaye ujabulele umculo kunye.)
Kubantwana abancinane, umculo ubonakala udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ulwimi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umculo ubonakala ukomeleza izakhono zemvelo zabantwana ukuhlaziya izandi kunye namazwi. Umculo, ngokukodwa ukufunda ukufunda nokudlala umculo, kubonakala kudibaniswa nenani leenzuzo zezingane, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kolwimi kunye nezakhono zokufunda eziphuculweyo.
Kwaye indlela umntwana aqhuba kakuhle ngayo iindawo zengxolo, ixesha, kunye nesigxina-kungabonakala kakuhle ukuba umntwana uya kufunda njani, ngokutsho kophando olwenziwa nguNina Kraus, uPh.D., uprofesa we-neurobiology kunye Umlawuli weLebhu yeeNzululwazi yeeNzululwazi kwiNyakatho-ntshona. Ikhonkco phakathi komculo nokufunda kucacile: Ukukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwezandi ezifanayo ezifana ne "bagg" kunye "gag" kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni ulwimi kunye nezakhono ezifana nokugcina isigqi ziye zahlanganiswa nokukwazi ukufunda.
U-Kraus uye wabonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwengxolo kwingqondo yindlela ephilileyo ngayo ingqondo. Ukungakwazi ukucoca izandi, ezifana nokukwazi ukwahlula nokuva ilizwi lomhlobo kwimeko enezandi ezininzi, njengendawo yokutyela enkulu okanye iqela, lingabonisa ingxaki, njenge-autism okanye ukubambezeleka kokufunda. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantwana abasuka kwimimandla engaphantsi kwezoqoqosho nakwiindawo ezingenakulungeleka; Intlupheko kunye nenqanaba lemfundo likamama liboniswa ukuba linxulumene nokukwazi komntwana ukuqhuba isandi.
Uphando kwi-Auditory Neuroscience Lab ibonise ukuba abantu abadlala umculo banokuziva bebhetele kwiindawo ezinomsindo kunabo abangadlala umculo. Izandi esicacisiwe ukuba sitshintshe ingqondo yethu, ngokutsho kophando nje ngendlela yokuzivocavoca inokunceda umzimba ukuba uphumelele ngokomzimba, umculo unokunceda ubuchopho bufezelele ukufaneleka komzimba, odibanisa neenzuzo ezininzi zokufunda. Abaphandi benza ingqiqo ecacileyo phakathi komculo kunye nomsebenzi wokwenyama: Njengokuba uqeqesho lubalulekile kwimpilo yomzimba, umculo udlala indima ephambili ekunciphiseni ubuchopho ukufaneleka kwempilo. Ukuqeqeshwa koMculo kubantwana banokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezibalulekileyo kubantwana abaya kubanceda bafunde, njengokuphulaphula, ukunyamekela, ukuxininisa, ukukhumbula, nokukwazi ukufunda.
Indlela yokufumana uMculo ngakumbi kwiBomi Bomntwana Wakho
Umyalezo wokukhumbula ngomculo nokufunda yilo: Abantwana akumele balindelwe ukuphulaphula umculo ukuze babenze baqaphele, kodwa simele siwavelele kumculo kuba kulungile ekuphuhliseni kwabo bonke. Fundisa umntwana wakho kumculo ohlukeneyo omhle, ukusuka kuMiles Davis ukuya ku-Yo-Yo Ma kubaqambi abanjengoChopin, uBeethoven, uBach, kunye nowe, uMoart. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba afumane isixhobo esiyithandayo aze azame ukuyilwela ukuba ayidlale ngokunjalo kunye nokukwazi ukuyenza kunye nokufunda.
Kungathatha ukucinga ukuze ubone oko umntwana wakho akuthandayo (unokuthanda i-cello okanye ipayili, okanye unokufumanisa ukuba ungumdlali wexilongo okanye ugcinari okanye umculi). Okanye unokukhetha ukufunda yonke indlela abaqambi abenza ngayo umculo kunye nendlela iingoma kunye nama-symphonies ahlelwe ngayo. Fumana into eyenziwa ngumntwana wakho kwaye ujonge utitshala. (Ukuba isikolo sakho asiboneleli izifundo zomculo, zama ukufumana iinkqubo zoluntu okanye amaxabiso eqela elincitshisiweyo kwizikolo zomculo zasekhaya.) Zama ukufumana uthisha womculo okanye inkqubo enokukunceda umntwana wakho afunde malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo zeetayitili zokubona into enokuba nayo inomdla kuyo. Kaninzi kunabo bonke, vumela umntwana wakho ujabulele umculo ngenxa yokuzonwabisa, kungekhona ukuchaphazela ukufunda kwezinye iinjongo.