Iyiphi indima i-MI edlala ngayo indlela abantwana abafunda ngayo, kwaye ngabaphi abazali abangakwenza
Ukuba uvile igama elithi "isitayela sokufunda," usenokuba uye wabona ukusetyenziswa ukuchaza indlela umntwana afunda ngayo (njengokuba, umntwana omnye ufunda ngokugqithiseleyo xa omnye efunda kakuhle ngokuhamba). Ingxaki ngezo zibonakaliso kukuba bonke abantwana bafunda ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo (ukubona, ukuthinta, njl. Njl.) Kanti ngelixa umntwana engathatha ulwazi olubhetele ngenye indlela ngexesha elinye, loo mntwana onokufunda enye into engcono ngenye indlela kwenye imeko.
Ukubhalisa abantwana njengendlela yokufunda enye "isitayela" okanye enye ingalungile kwaye iyanciphisa.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqonda indlela umntu afunda ngayo ukuba abantwana basebenzise oko kuchazwe ngokuthi "iingqondo ezininzi." Ukuchazwa nguWoward Gardner, uProfesa we-Hobbs weCognition kunye neMfundo kwi
Isikolo seMfundo saseHarvard seSchools, i-Intelligences ezininzi, okanye i-MI, iphikisana nembono yokuba kukho ulwaphulo-mnye esizalelwe ngalo lunokulinganiswa - njengemivavanyo ye- IQ - kwaye ukuba olu bulumko alukwazi ukutshintshwa. Ngokutsho kweGarnner, kukho ubuncinane abantu abahlukeneyo 8, kwaye bonke abantu bazalwa nazo zonke ii-MIs.
Ingcamango kaGardner ye-MI iphinda iqinisekise ukuba abantu baneenkcukacha eziyingqayizivele kunye neenkcukacha zengqondo ezibunjwa yizinto ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nemvelo. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana omnye unokukwazi ukufumana ingqiqo yomculo kunye nolwazi lweemathematika ngelixa enye inokuba nolwazi olunzulu nolwimi oluqinileyo, kwaye ezi mpahla ze-MI zihluke kakhulu ngenxa yamava ngamnye kunye nokuhluka kofuzo.
Ziziphi ii Intelligences ezininzi?
Nazi iindlela ze-MI njengoko kuchazwe nguDkt. Gardner:
- Isikhundla : Ukukwazi ukubona, ukudala, nokusebenzisa into kwindawo, njengokuba umqhubi wendiza okanye umenzi wezakhiwo okanye umculi we chess angenza.
- I-Bodily kinesthetic: Olu hlobo lweengqondi luhlobene nokusebenzisa izakhono zamandla okanye izakhono ezifanelekileyo zokuzibonakalisa okanye ukudala, ukufunda, okanye ukusombulula iingxaki; kubandakanywa ukulungelelanisa kunye nokusetyenziswa komzimba wonke okanye iinxalenye zomzimba ezifana nezandla.
- Umculo: Ikhono lokuzibonakalisa nokuqonda nokudala ngokusebenzisa umculo - ngokucula, ukudlala izixhobo zomculo, ukwakha, ukuqhuba, njl. Kubandakanyela amakhono omculo njengobuninzi kwisigqi, isandi, ithoni, isithingi.
- Iilwimi: Ukuba nekhono lokuthathwa ngentsingiselo yamagama kunye nesandi, isigqi, iziphene, kunye nemitha yamagama, indlela imbongi eyinokwenzeka ngayo. Kungabandakanya ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuthetha, ukusebenzisana kweelwimi zangaphandle.
- Imathematika / Ingqiqo: Ukukwazi ukuqonda nokuqonda iipatheni kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamanani kunye nezenzo okanye iimpawu, ezinezakhono zekhompyutheni, ezinokukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ngeengcamango.
- Umntu ochaphazelekayo: Ngamanye amaxesha ekubhekiselwe kuyo njengengqiqo yoluntu, ubulumko bentsebenziswano bubhekisela kumandla okubambisana nezinye iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye nesimo sengqondo . Abantu abaneengqondo eziphezulu eziqhelekileyo bahlala bekulungele ukuthetha kunye nokuqonda abanye abantu kwaye banokusebenzisana nabanye.
- Ukuzibandakanya: Ukuqwashisa iimvakalelo zakho, iingcamango, uxhalaba, kunye neempawu, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisa loo nto ukuqonda ukuzilawula iimfuno zakho kunye nokuziphatha kwaye wenze izicwangciso kunye nezigqibo.
- Imvelo: Ukukwazi ukuqonda ubunjani - izityalo, izilwanyana, imvelo, njl .-- kwaye zichonge, zigcine, zihlule, kwaye ziyiqonde kunye nezinto zayo ezahlukileyo. Le ngqiqo isinceda sisebenzise izinto kunye neepatheni kwihlabathi lezendalo ukudala iimveliso okanye ukulungisa iingxaki.
Indlela Abazali Basenokucinga Ngayo IM ukuze Size Abantwana Bafunde
Abazali bayazi ukuba abantwana banamakhono ahlukeneyo kunye neminqweno kunye nokuba nabantwana bakowenu banokuba nezakhono ezahlukeneyo zendalo kunye nezinto abazithandayo. Omnye umntwana angadla iincwadi aze athande ukudansa, omnye unokuthanda izilwanyana, kwaye omnye umntwana angathanda umculo kunye nezibalo. Yilokho ubuhle babantu - singabantu abanomdla kunye nezidalwa ezihlukeneyo, kwaye nayiphi na umzali obonwa ngumntwana eba nesithakazelo esinzulu kunye nokunyaniseka into ethile uyazi ukuba abantwana banabantu abaninzi.
Kodwa kunokuba sinokubona iminqweno yemvelo kunye neetalente zikhula kumntwana, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ungabhalwanga umntwana njengento enye okanye enye. "Sinomdla wokuzama ukubhala abantwana, njengemivavanyo ye-IQ, kwaye xa usenza oko, uhlala ubeka ingqalelo engakumbi kwi-fluidity," kusho u-Mindy L. Kornhaber, uprofesa onxulumene naye kwiSebe lezeMfundo zoPhando lweMfundo. KwiNyuvesi yasePennsylvania State. Umzekelo, xa sithi umntwana ufunda okulungileyo ngokusebenza ngezandla zakhe, asiyikunyaniseki nje ukuba zonke izingane zifunda kuzo zonke iintlobo zezindlela ezahlukileyo, kodwa ukuba indlela abafunda ngayo kakuhle okanye izinto ezilungileyo ziyakwazi ukutshintsha ngaphezulu kwexesha . Ezinye iindlela abazali banokuzixhasa nokuxhasa ii-MI kubantwana:
- Sebenzisa ixesha kunye nezingane kwaye ubone oko bakuthandayo. Indlela yodwa oya kukwazi ukuyigcina kunye neminqweno yakhe kukuchitha ixesha kunye nomntanakho ukwenza izinto eziqhelekileyo njengokutya okanye ukudlala imidlalo. Ibhonasi: Uphando lubonise ukuba le mi sebenzi yesiqhelo izuze abantwana: Izidlo zeentsapho rhoqo ziboniswe ukuphucula impilo yezingane kunye nesondlo , ukwakha izakhono ezingqongqo kunye nengqondo, kwaye zikhokelela ekuziphatheni kakuhle; kwaye ukuzonwabisa kunye nokudlala nezingane kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nezingane ezikhulayo ziba novelwano , zingakhathazeki kwaye zivuyisa.
- Ukuxabisa amandla omntwana endaweni yokujonga oko akakwazi ukukwenza. Enye ingxaki nge-labeling kids iwukuthi xa senza oku, sivame ukubona izinto ngokwezinto ezingenayo, utsho uKornhaber. Esikhundleni sokucinga, "Umntwana ongeyena ekufundeni ukufunda okanye ukubhala," wakhe umzobo wengane yakho kwizinto azilungeleyo nokuzithandayo. "IM iyakusiza abazali, ootitshala kunye nabantwana ngokwabo baqonda amandla omntwana kunye nendlela oku kusetyenziselwa ngayo ukubanceda ukuba bafunde kwaye basombulule iingxaki," kusho uKornhaber.
- Ukubandakanya umntwana wakho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho unenkathazo yokubhala isicatshulwa ngesihloko somsebenzi wesikolo, ukhulise ukuzithemba kwakhe ngokuzibandakanya ngezinye iindlela ngelixa unceda asebenze kwezo zakhono zokubhala. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba kufuneka abhale ngomjikelezo wobomi bamagqabi, unokumbuza oko akufundileyo (mhlawumbi ubukele ividyo kwaye unokuchaza indlela iqanda leqanda elilitshizayo libuye libe yintlanzi, ngokomzekelo), utsho uKornhaber. Mcele ukuba atye umfanekiso wezinto ezinokubonakala ngathi, okanye akuxelele malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo okanye imibala yamaxoxo.
- Cinga ngezinto esilindeleyo namhlanje. Ngoxa abantwana abancinci namhlanje kulindeleke ukuba bafunde kwaye babe nezakhono ezisemgangathweni zamatriki kwiminyaka emncinci nangancinci kunye nabagadi bezilwanyana kulindeleke ukuba benze umsebenzi wesikolo kwaye baqhube kakuhle kwiimvavanyo, into yokuba abantwana abancinci bekulindelwe ukuba benze ezi zinto nakwizizukulwana esedlulileyo . Ngeengcinezelo ezongeziweyo zithe zanda ukulindela, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba bonke abantwana abancinci bebanga lesi-3 bamele baphakame kwiincwadi zesahluko. Ngaphandle kokuba ubone iimpawu zeengxaki zokufunda , zama ukuphumla kwaye uvumele umntwana wakho akhule ngezinga lakhe.
- Yikhumbule ukuba yinto ecacileyo. Iprofayili yengqondo yengane yinto eyilo xesha-akuyiyo oko kuya kuhlala ikhona. Mbonise umntwana wakho kuzo zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi namava uze umvumele ukuba afunde kwaye akhule ngendlela yakhe.
- Jonga ixabiso lezinye iinjongo. Kwiziko lokufundela, siyakuxabisa kwaye simdumise yonke into abantwana abayifumanayo nabelana ngayo nathi; kodwa ngebanga lesithathu, abantwana balindeleke ukuba bahle kwiimathematika kwaye bafunde okanye babhalwa ngokuba bengabafundi abalungileyo, utsho uKornhaber. Emva koko xa abantwana bephumelele kwaye bangena kwihlabathi, izinto zivule kwakhona kwaye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana nokwabelana ngolwazi kunye nokuba nezinye izakhono kunye neetalente ziyaxabiswa kwakhona, kwaye abantwana baseMI baseMelika babesele kulindeleke ukuba babuyele bonke. "Kuxabisa iilwimi kunye nezibalo kuphela kwaye akukho ezinye iinjongo ezenza ukuba abantwana baxhaswe," kusho uKornhaber.
Ziziphi iZikolo ezinokuthi zifake i-MI ukuba zibancede abantwana bafunde
Ekubeni ngamnye umntu unesiprofayili sakhe sodwa, ootitshala kufuneka banikele ulwazi-kwaye vumela abantwana ukuba babonise oko bakufundileyo-ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, utitshala unokufundisa abantwana malunga, bathi, umjikelo wamanzi, ngokungagcini nje ukuthetha ngawo phambi kweklasi kodwa nangokudlala ifilimu malunga nokuba okanye ukuba nezingane zenze imizekelo okanye ziyenze ukubonisa oko bakufundile . "Ootitshala bangacinga ngamaphuzu okufikelela kwabafundi abahlukeneyo," kusho uKornhaber. "Ukuba umntwana akayi kukhawuleza ekufundeni, unokucinga malunga nento enomdla kuyo. Ukuba uyayithanda imishini, unokwenza ukuba umntwana athathe imishini aze atyhale iindawo aze athethe ngendlela esetyenziswa ngayo okanye ukuba isebenza njani. Unako ukufunda ngokumalunga nomshini. "Uchaza umzekelo wesikolo esikwiprayimari apho utitshala wesayensi kunye nootitshala bezifundo zentlalo ngokwenene basebenze ukuphuhlisa imfuyo yangempela kwiindawo zendawo. "Bakha iimephu zendawo, baphanda imbali yendawo, bafunde indlela yokwenza i-dig aristologist yendawo, kuquka nendlela yokunyamekela izinto abazifumene ngayo, wenza uphando ukuchonga izinto, kwaye lwaphuhliswa kuzo zonke Kornhaber uthi. "Zininzi iindlela iindlela ootitshala abangasebenzisa ngayo amandla ahlukeneyo ngokuklanywa kwekharityhulam nokucingisisa."
Ukuhambisa isihloko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kufezekisa izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo: Kunika abafundi amathuba amaninzi okuqonda izinto (ezinye izingane zingafunda ngakumbi ngokufunda ngazo, abanye ngokuthatha ibali, abanye ngokwenza into ehambelana nesihloko ngezandla zabo) , kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, kunceda bonke abafundi baqonde kakuhle izinto ngokubanzi nangakumbi ngenxa yokuba banokucinga ngazo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, banike ithuba lokufunda olucebileyo, bavumele ukuba bacinge ngezinto ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye bancede bafunde umxholo. Ukuqonda i-MI kunokunceda ootitshala nabazali bangabanikeli abantwana ithuba lokufunda, kodwa uncedo lunenza ukuba ukufunda kube mnandi kwaye kuzuze.