Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-Norm luhlobo lovavanyo olulinganiselweyo olulinganisa "amanqanaba" ekhono kulabo bafundi ngabanye abaneminyaka efanayo. Ngokuthelekisa abafundi omnye komnye, kunokwenzeka ukukhetha ukuba ngaba, njani, kunye naluphi na umlinganiselo othile umfundi ozayo okanye emva kwesiqhelo. Ezi mvavanyo zikunceda ukuxilonga iziphazamiso zokufunda kunye nokuncedisa ootitshala bezemfundo ezizodwa kunye nabanye abaqeqeshiweyo ukuphuhlisa inkqubo efanelekileyo yokulungiselela abafundi abakhubazekileyo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Norm-referenced kuphuhliswe ngokudala izinto zokuvavanya kwaye ukulawula uvavanyo kwiqela labafundi eliza kusetyenziswa njengesiseko sokuthelekiswa. Izindlela zesitatisti zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga indlela amanqaku afanelekileyo aya kutshilwa ngayo kwaye amanqanaba omsebenzi abelwe ngamanqaku ngamnye.
U mzekelo
Uvavanyo lwe-IQ luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokuvavanywa okuqhelekileyo. I-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (i-WISC) kunye neStanford Binet-Intelligence Scale, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Binet-Simon Test, yimizekelo yeemvavanyo zentelligence. Uvavanyo lweWISC lubandakanya imibuzo yeelwimi,, kunye nemisebenzi esekelwe ngempumelelo ngelixa uvavanyo lweStanford-Binet lunceda ukuxilonga abafundi abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Iziphumo zokuphumelela ezizimeleyo zibanceda abafundi besikolo samanani omgangatho wokufunda abafundi. Imizekelo yezi vavanyo yiPerabody Individual Testing Test, i-Woodcock Johnson Test of Achievement kunye ne-Brigance Comprehensive Inventory of Skills Basic.
Ngokuhlangeneyo, ezi mvavanyo zivavanya izakhono ezifana nokukwazi ukufanisa imifanekiso kunye neencwadi kunye nokufunda okunzima nokufunda ubunzima.
Abafundisi kunye nabaSebenzi basebenzise njani iimvavanyo eziNyulisiweyo
Uninzi lweemvavanyo luvelisa amanqanaba asemgangathweni , okuvumela ukuthelekiswa kwamanqaku omfundi kwezinye iimvavanyo. Baphendula imibuzo efana neyo, "Ngaba umgangatho wokuphumelela kwabafundi ubonakala uhambelana nomlinganiselo we-IQ?" Umlinganiselo wokumahluko phakathi kwala manqaku amabini unokuphakamisa okanye ukulawula ukukhubazeka kokufunda .
Bangaphinda bacebise okanye baphathe izipho zengqondo kwiindawo ezithile.
Olunye uvavanyo oluvakalayo lwenziwa kwiindawo zokufundela. Ezinye zihanjiswa ngabagqirha beengcali okanye oogqirha kwizonyango zonyango okanye kwiikliniki. Ukuhlolwa okufanelekileyo kweziphumo zokuvavanya, kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuqwalasela nokuvavanya, zisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga ukukhubazeka okanye ukulibaziseka. Kwezinye iimeko, iimvavanyo ezilungelelanisiweyo zinceda ukufumana ukufaneleka kwe- IDEA iinkqubo zemfundo ezizodwa okanye ukulungelelanisa nokuhlala phantsi kweCandelo 504.
Xa umntwana sele ehlanganiswe isicwangciso semfundo esisodwa (IEP) okanye isicwangciso se-504, inkqubela yabo kufuneka ihlolwe ngokusondeleyo. Ootitshala basebenzisa iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezibonakalisiweyo ukuvavanya ukusebenza kweeprogram zokufundisa kunye nokukunceda ukuba kunqunyulwe ukuba kukho utshintsho.
Uvavanyo lweNormed Outside of Education Special
Iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ngaphandle kweenkqubo zemfundo ezizodwa. Imivavanyo eyaziwayo, njengeScholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) okanye i-American College Testing (ACT), imizekelo. Ezi vavanyo zingasetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa abafundi kwimimandla, amaqela obuhlanga okanye imvelaphi yoluntu.
Ukulinganiselwa kovavanyo lweNormed
Iimvavanyo ezibhekiselwe kwiNormed-one-one-way yeyona ndlela enye yokulinganisa amakhono abafundi. Abafundi abaninzi, abanokukhubazeka nokufunda, banokuxhalabanyiswa kweemvavanyo okanye ezinye iimeko ezingabangela ukuba baphumelele kwiimvavanyo.
Ngamanye amazwi, iziphumo zabo zovavanyo zingabonakali amandla abo ngokupheleleyo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba amagosa esikolweni asebenzise iiphothifoliyo zomsebenzi wabafundi, ukuqwalaselwa kwabafundi eklasini kunye nezinye iindlela zokuvavanya amakhono abo ngaphezu kweemvavanyo.