Kutheni ukuzonwabisa akusiyo nje umdlalo wakho wokufundela
Ukudlala kwakha ubuchule bomntwana wakho kunye nengcinga kunye nezinye izakhono. Ingaba nje ukugubha ibhola ngasemva nangaphandle kunye nomntakwabo okanye ukugqoka iingubo kwaye ucinge ukuba ngumdlali we-astronaut-uhlakulela izakhono ezibalulekileyo zezentlalo ezifana nokufunda ukujika, ukubambisana kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye.
Ngaba yonke imidlalo ibonakala ifana nawe?
I-sociologist uMildred Parten ichaza iintlobo ezintandathu zokudlala apho umntwana uya kuthatha inxaxheba kuye, ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yabo, isimo sengqondo kunye nesimo sentlalo:
U kudlala ngaphandle
Umdlalo ongabandakanywanga ubhekisela kumsebenzi xa umntwana engadlala nonke. Unokuthi asebenze ngokunyakaza okubonakalayo okungahleliwe, kungekho njongo. Nangona kukho ukubonakala, oku kudlala ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kuseka isigaba sokuhlola ngokuzayo.
I-Independent (i-Independent) Play
Umdlalo we-Solitaire ufana nje neyona nto ifana-xa umntwana wakho edlala yedwa. Olu hlobo lomdlalo lubalulekile kuba lifundisa umntwana ukuba azigcine njani, kwaye ekugqibeleni ukubeka indlela yokuzimelela. Naliphi na umntwana ongadlala ngokuzimela, kodwa lolu hlobo lomdlalo lulona luqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinci abaneminyaka engama-2 okanye-3. Ngaloo minyaka ubudala, basenokuba bodwa kwaye banako ukuthetha kakuhle. Ukuba umntwana usecaleni kwaye engazi kakuhle abadlala naye, unokukhetha ukhetho lohlobo.
I-Playlooker Play
Umdlalo wokubukela ngumntwana xa nje ebona abanye abantwana bedlala kwaye bengathathi inxaxheba. Kuqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinci abasebenza ekuphuhliseni amagama abo . Ungakhathazeki ukuba umntwana wakho uziphatha ngale ndlela. Kungenzeka kukuba umntwana uyava neentloni, kufuneka afunde imithetho, okanye mhlawumbi ngumncinci kwaye ufuna ukuba athathe isinyathelo emva kwexesha.
Parallel Play
Beka ababini abaneminyaka emi-3 ubudala kwigumbi kunye kunye nantoni na enokuyibona: abantombazana ababini banomdla, bedlala ngecala kwilizwe labo elincinci. Akuthethi ukuba abayithandani, bahlala bedlala ngokufanayo. Nangona bengabandakanyeki phakathi kwabantu abadlala nabo, abantwana abadlala ngokufanayo bafunda ngokukodwa omnye nomnye njengokutshintshana kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuntu. Nangona kubonakala bengabhaliselani, ngokwenene banokuzilinganisa nokuziphatha komnye. Ngaloo ndlela, lolu hlobo lomdlalo lubhekwa njengebhanti ebalulekileyo ukuya kumanqanaba omdlalo kamva.
Play Association
Ngokuhluke kakhulu kumdlalo ohambelanayo, umdlalo wokudibanisa uphinde ubonise ukuba abantwana badlala ngokwahlukileyo omnye komnye. Kodwa kule ndlela yokudlala, ababandakanyeka noko abanye abakwenzayo-bacinge ukuba abantwana bakhela isixeko kunye neebhloko. Njengoko bakhela izakhiwo zabo ngabanye, bathetha omnye nomnye kwaye badibana. Le nxalenye ebalulekileyo yokudlala kuba inceda abancinci ukuba bahlakulele yonke imicimbi yezentlalo-nto (kufuneka siyakhe ntoni ngoku?) Kunye nokuxazulula ingxaki (sinokuyenza njani lo mzi mkhulu?), Intsebenziswano (ukuba sisebenza kunye nathi ukwenza isixeko sethu sibe ngcono) kunye nophuhliso lolwimi (ukufunda oko unokuthetha ukufumana imiyalezo yabo ngaphaya komnye).
Ngokusebenzisa umdla wokuzibandakanya yindlela abantwana abaqala ngayo ukwenza ubuhlobo bokwenene.
U kudlala
Umdlalo wokusebenzisana apho zonke izigaba zihlangana kunye kwaye abantwana baqala ukudlala kunye. Kuqhelekileyo kumaziko asebekhulile asekuhlaleni okanye kubantwana abasebancinci abancinci abanabantwana abakhulu abadala okanye baye bajikeleza abantwana abaninzi). Ukudlala ngokubambisana kusetyenziswa zonke izakhono zentlalo umntwana osebenza ngazo kwaye uzibeka ekusebenzeni. Enoba bayakha iphazili kunye, badlala umdlalo webhodi , okanye banandipha umdlalo weqela lwangaphandle, umdlalo wokubambisana ubeka isigaba sokusebenzisana kwangaphambili njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula ekhulile.
Ezinye iindidi zokudlala
Nangona ezi zigaba zibalulekile kwaye ziyimfuneko ekuphuhliseni intlalo yoluntu, kukho nezinye iindidi zokudlala ezenza negalelo lokukhula komntwana. Ezi ntlobo zokudlala zivame ukukhula njengoko umntwana eqala ukubandakanya kumdlalo wokubambisana kwaye zibandakanya:
- Ukudlala / Ukumangalisa Ukudlala : Xa umntwana wakho othanda ukudlala egqobileyo , ugqirha, okanye ivenkile, kuyidlala okanye idlala. Ngalolu hlobo lomdlalo, kungekhona nje ukucinga komntwana wakho ukufumana umsebenzi wokufunda, kodwa ufunda indlela yokujika, usebenzisane, wabelane kwaye usebenze ekuphuhliseni ulwimi . Ngomdlalo wendima , abantwana bayakwazi nokufunda malunga noluntu olubanzi.
- Udlala ngokukhuphisanayo: Ingaba ubetha umntakwabo kwi-Chutes naseLadders okanye edlala kwiqela lebhola ekhatywayo , umntwana wakho uthatha umdlalo wokukhuphisana. Imithetho kunye nokujika, kunye nokusebenza njengenxalenye yeqela zezifundo ezinkulu ezithathwe kulolu hlobo lomdlalo. Unokufuneka unike umntwana wakho ukhokelo malunga nokubamba kokubili ukuphumelela nokulahlekelwa.
- Umdlalo wokudlala : Izakhono eziphambili kunye nezakhono ezintle ziza kudlala apha, nokuba umntwana wakho uphosa ibhola okanye ugibele ibhayisikili . Ukudlala umzimba kukhuthaza abantwana ukuba basebenze .
- Iimidlalo ezakhayo: Iifom zokwakha ezakhayo zibandakanya ukwakha ngeebhloko, ukwenza indlela yeemoto zokudlala, okanye ukwakha iinqaba kwi-pillows pillows. Umdlalo owakhayo ufundisa abantwana malunga nokuphathwa, isakhiwo kunye nezinto ezifanelekileyo. Izakhono zobuncwane zisetyenziselwa ukufumana indlela yokwenza into ethile ibe yinto engcono, nokuba ingaba yinqaba enqabileyo engayi kuphakama okanye inqaba yentlabathi eqhubekayo.
- Iimpawu zoMdlalo : Olu hlobo lokudlala luya kuba lizwi (ukucula, amahlaya, imilolozo), ubugcisa bezobugcisa (umdwebo, umbala), ukubala, okanye ukwenza umculo. Olu hlobo lomdlalo lunceda abantwana bafunde ukuphuhlisa izakhono ekuzivakaliseni nasekuhloleni amava abo, iingcamango zabo neemvakalelo zabo.
> Umthombo:
> Iindidi zokudlala. IQumrhu loPhuhliso lweNtwana. https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/play-work-of-children/pl1/#.WXGHNdPyvBI.
> I-Whitebread D. Ubaluleka bokudlala . Epreli 2012.