Uncedo lweemfuno ezizodwa zezingane ezilungiselela ukubandakanywa komphakathi

Akulula, kodwa kulungile ukutyalomali

Ukubandakanywa koluntu kuthetha abantu abaneentlobo zokukhubazeka ezithatha inxaxheba kuzo zonke iintlobo zemicimbi yeziganeko, imisebenzi, kunye nexesha lokudlalisa kunye nenkxaso abayidingayo ukuze baphumelele. Nangona le njongo ingakholiswa ngokucacileyo (emva koko, akuyena wonke umntu ofanelekileyo ithuba lokuba yinxalenye yoluntu ahlala kuyo?) Inyaniso kukuba kunzima ukuphumeza.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, abanye abantu abaneemfuno ezizodwa benza kakuhle kuluntu jikelele. Kodwa abo bantu bathambekela ekubeni ngabantu abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye ukubandakanywa kwabo kuhlengahlengiswa kwiintlobo ezithile zeenkqubo zoluntu.

Eminye imingeni ekungenisweni inganqotshwa ngezinye iingcebiso kunye nezicwangciso ezilula. Eminye imingeni, nangona kunjalo, kuthatha okungaphezulu kokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza. Nazi ezinye zeembambano ezijongene neemfuno ezizodwa zabantwana njengoko zizama ukuhlaziywa, zibandakanya amalungu ommandla wazo omkhulu.

Uluphi uluntu (kwaye Kutheni lihlukile kwiSikolo)?

Iiprogram zezikolo zezifundo zinikezelwa, mahhala, kubo bonke abantwana baseMerika. Abantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 ukuya kwe-22, ngokomthetho, banikwe inkxaso kunye neenkonzo ezifanelekileyo kwizikolo zabo zikarhulumente. Umntwana onenkathazo yokufunda kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo unokufumana iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala; ezinye, ezifana ne-1: 1 aides, zinokubangela iindleko zemali kwisithili.

Abazali babandakanyeka ekuqulunqweni isicwangciso sezemfundo esisodwa , esiba ngumthetho kunye nokubophezela . Ukuba isithili asihambanga nesivumelwano, abazali bangathatha isithili ukuba baxolelane, batyunjelwe, okanye nkundleni.

Uluntu, ngokuchaseneyo, yiyo yonke into engekho isikolo. Kukho nawuphi na indawo, ingaquka:

• Amaziko enkolo
• Iindawo zokuzonwabisa kunye neeprogram
• IiMyuziyamu, ii-zoos, kunye namaziko emvelo
• Imibutho ejoliswe kuluntu ngokubanzi njengama-Y kunye ne-Boys kunye namaClubs amantombazana
• Imibutho kunye namaqela avela kwi-Boy and Girl Scouts kunye ne-4-H kumaqela okudansa abantu kunye neengingqi zomphakathi
• UbuGcisa kunye nemibutho yenkcubeko enjengemidlalo yaseshashalazini, iihholo zekonsathi kunye neembali
• Iinkqubo zokufundisa ezifana namaziko okanye ii-studios zomdaniso, ubugcisa bokulwa, ubugcisa obuhle, umculo, ulwimi kunye nokunye
• Iiforamu zezopolitiko, iintlanganiso kunye neziganeko

Ngaphandle kweso sikolo, imithetho efuna indawo yokuhlala iya kuba yinto ehle kakhulu kwaye ingabalulekanga. Ewe, i-ADA ikhaba, kwaye ewe, indawo ezininzi zoluntu zibonelela ngeenqwelo zezihlalo zabakhubazekile kunye ne-letter braille kwiingcango zokuhlambela. Kodwa ngaphaya kwaloo ndawo, indawo yokuhlala kakhulu yindawo yokuzikhethela, kungekhona imfuneko.

Kutheni Ukufakwa Kwakho Kunzima Kangako?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba ukungena kwenyaniso kunzima kwindawo yokuhlala. Nayi imingeni ephezulu:

1. Imali. Ukufakwa kuxabiso. Kubafundi abaneengxaki zomzimba, ukufakwa kungadinga izixhobo ezizodwa kunye nokuqeqesha abasebenzi okanye amavolontiya. Kuba abantwana abaneengxaki zengqondo, ezentlalontle okanye zeengqondo, ukubandakanywa kungadinga uqeqesho kunye no-1: 1 inkxaso. Akukho nanye kwinto ephantsi, nangona amavolontiya abandakanyekayo kwinqanaba elithile.

1. Ukufumaneka kweenkcukacha ezikhethiweyo . Iimfuno ezizodwa zemntwana zingayiqondi imigaqo yebhola yebhola, ngoko ke ibetha ibhola ize ihambe. Kuza kufuna umzamo omkhulu kumntu wonke ukwenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba adlale umdlalo ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko unokufakwa kunye neontanga zakhe. Ngaba bekungekho ngcono kuye nakwezinye iifana ukuba nje wajoyina i- Challenger League apho iimfuno zeemfuno ezizodwa ziyakwamkelwa kwaye zinikezelwe?
2. Izintando zabazali. Nangona kubonakala ngathi abazali abaneemfuno ezizodwa abantwana banokukhetha ukufakwa kwiiprogram okanye iziganeko ezifana ne-Autism Day kwi-Zoo, akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Abazali abaninzi bakufumanisa kakhulu ukunyusa umntwana wabo ngeemfuno ezizodwa kwisiganeko okanye inkqubo. Kuthekani ukuba umntwana wabo uyaphumelela okanye unomsindo? Kuthiwani ukuba akukho ndawo yokutshintsha i-diaper yomntwana omdala? Kubazali abaninzi, kulula kwaye banolwazi ukuba baye kwiiprogram zeemfuno ezizodwa kunye neziganeko apho abayi kukwahlulelwa khona, kwaye apho ziya kunikwa khona iimfuno zabo.

1. Izidingo Neengxaki 'Zabantu Bonke.' Ngaba kulungile ukuba "wonke umntu" kufuneka, umzekelo, adlale kwiqela kunye nomlingane ongakhange akhatywe okanye atshaya ibhola kunye nokuba bonke abadlali? Ngaba kulungile ukuba amalungu ebandla lonqulo afanele ahlale ngeenkonzo ngelixa umntwana ehamba emva nangaphandle aze enze umsindo? Ngokusoloko kunzima ukulinganisa iimfuno zeemfuno ezizodwa zemntwana kunye nenjongo kunye neemfuno zamanye amalungu asekuhlaleni.

Ingaba Umntwana Wakho Ulungele Ukufakwa?

Ukungeniswa akulungile kubo bonke abantwana, kuzo zonke izimo, kuzo zonke iinkalo ekuphuhlisweni komntwana. Njengo-Elaine Hall weProjekthi yeMangaliso (iprogram esekelwe kwimiboniso yabantwana abane-autism kunye neontanga zabo) uthi, "Ukuba iimfuno ezizodwa umntu azilungele indawo, akayikho."

Uyazi njani ukuba umntwana wakho ulungele ukuba afakwe kwisiphi na indawo? Nantsi uluhlu olufutshane lokutshekisha.

1. Ngaba umntwana wakho unomdla kwiprogram okanye umcimbi onikwe? Wena, njengomzali, unokucinga ukuba ibhola lidlala imidlalo enkulu kumntwana wakho, okanye ufuna nje ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi efanelekileyo. Kodwa, njengoko uNksz Hall uthi, "Akunalo ngephupha lomzali; malunga nephupha lomntwana."
2. Ingaba umntwana wakho uyaziqonda okanye athathe inxaxheba kumsebenzi kwinqanaba elinentsingiselo? Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana wakho akakwazi ukuqonda umxholo we-movie, mhlawumbi akufanele abe yindawo yokudlala.
3. Ngaba umntwana wakho unako ukulandela imiyalelo yomlomo okanye imigaqo okanye ngaphandle kwezinto ozithandayo? Ukuba umntwana wakho akakwazi ukuphulaphula kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kwaye awukwazi okanye awuzimisele ukunika inkxaso ekuncedeni umntwana wakho ukuba enze njalo, ngoko umntwana wakho makakulungele ukufumana amava athile. Iinkqubo ezifana nezifundo zokubhukuda, ukuhlola, kunye nezemidlalo zokuzonwabisa zonke zixhomekeke kwiikghono zezingane zokuqonda nokuphendula kwimfundiso.
4. Ingaba iimpawu zomntwana wakho zingaphazamisa amava abanye kwiqela? Ezinye iindawo, ezifana neendawo zokudlala, zilingana ezilinganayo. Abantwana banako ukuphakamisa okanye ukuthula, ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokukhawuleza, kwaye wonke umntu unokuhamba ngesantya sawo. Kodwa ukuziphatha okukhulu, okugwenxa, okanye okungalawulwayo kungonakalisa amava abanye, bathi, ikhonkethi okanye inkonzo yenkolo.
5. Ingaba umntwana wakho unamandla kwaye ugxininise ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo okanye kumsebenzi? Iiprogram ezininzi ezijoliswe kubantwana kunye neentsapho zidinga ixesha elide lokugxila kwengqondo kunye / okanye umsebenzi. Oku kunokuba nzima kubantwana abaninzi abaneemfuno ezizodwa abangadinga ikhefu okanye amava ambalwa.

Indlela Yokulungiselela Umntwana Wakho Ngokufaka Inzuzo

Umntwana wakho unomdla ekuthatheni inxaxheba kumava oluntu. Uzimisele ukusebenzisana nawe namanye amalungu omphakathi ukwenza umsebenzi wokufakwa. Unako izakhono kunye nezakhono ezifunekayo kumsebenzi othile onawo engqondweni. Enkulu-leyo yinyathelo lokuqala.

Kodwa ngelixa indawo okanye iprogram enomdla kuyo kufuneka uyenze umsebenzi othile ukulungiselela umntwana wakho (jonga icandelo elilandelayo) i-onus ikhona kuwe, umzali, ukulungiselela umntwana wakho kuqala. Kungenxa yokuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe ukuba umntwana wakho afakwe kunokuba umbutho uphumelele kumntwana wakho. Kulula ukuba umbutho uthathe u-cha, kwaye ngumsebenzi wakho ukwenza kube lula ukuba u-ewe.

Ungaqala ngokubandakanya umntwana wakho kwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yeemfuno ukwenzela ukuba afikeleleke kwindawo ethile okanye umsebenzi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula, nangona kunjalo, ukuba "ikhethelo" yebhola ayinanto nje yebhola ye-baseball, kwaye "iintsuku ezikhethekileyo" kwi-zoo zinemithetho eyahlukileyo kwiintsuku eziqhelekileyo kwi-zoo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho angadinga ukufumana imithetho ukuze afumaneke kumava aqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, kunqabile kakhulu ukufumana umbutho onika iinkqubo ezizodwa, iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo, kunye naluphina uhlobo lwenkqubo yokuguqula ukunceda abantwana bahambe ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye.

Ngethamsanqa, kukho ezinye iindlela ezilula ongazithatha ukulungiselela umntwana wakho ukuba afakwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamava oluntu.

1. Qala ngokuphula umsebenzi okanye amava kumanyathelo amancinci. KWOKUQALA, ufika kwi-movie yemidlalo. EZILANDELAYO, uthenge amathikithi. KULUNTU, uthengisa ukunikezelwa. ESIQHELEKILEYO, ufumana i-auditorium yakho ethile. EZILANDELAYO, ukhetha izihlalo zakho. UKUPHATHA, uhlala ucelile, ujabulele ukuziphatha kwakho, kwaye ujonge i-movie.
2. Ukuba luncedo kumntwana wakho, yakha isati ebonakalayo ebonisa amanyathelo abandakanyekayo. Ngokufanelekileyo, thabatha iifoto zendawo oya kuyo, ngoko umntwana wakho uya kuyibona xa ebona. Sebenzisa ezo zithombe ukudala ibali lezentlalo elibonakalayo elichaza oko kuza kwenzeka kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngumntwana wakho. Ngokomzekelo, "Siza kumela umnqweno wempahla. Ndingakhetha i-popcorn okanye i-skittles kwi-snack yam."
3. Cinga ukusetyenziswa kwezakhono ezithile ekhaya. Ngokomzekelo, unokuba ufuna ukuzenzelela ukulandelela i-snack, unike ithikithi kumntu ophethe ithikithi, okanye uhlale phantsi ngokuzihlalisa xa ukhangele i-movie.
4. Hlela kunye nendawo yokutyelela ngaphambi kwexesha. Unokudinga ukwenza oku amaxesha amaninzi, kuxhomekeke kwimfuno zomntwana wakho. Ukusebenzisa i-movie yemidlalo njengomzekelo, unokufuna ukunciphisa ukutyelela kwakho kokuqala kwindawo yokubhengela apho izinto kunye nokuvumba kunokuphazamisa nokuphazamisa. Xa uvakatye ngokulandelayo, unokufuna ukuhamba kwiholo elingenanto uze ukhethe isihlalo. Ulyelelo lwakho lwesithathu lunokuquka ukuhlala kwiimboniselo kwaye uhambe. Inkqubo inokuthatha ixesha, ngoko ube nomonde kwaye uxhasane. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umntwana wakho uya kuba nezakhono azifuna ukuzonwabisa ngexesha lokuphila kwamafilimu okuqala!
5. Mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu, soloko unesiCwangciso B. Yintoni eyenzekayo ukuba i-theatre iphuma kwi-Big Day? Kuthekani ukuba umntu ehleli phambi komntwana wakho ukuze angaboni? Kuthekani ukuba amava okwenene ayenomdla kumntwana wakho? Yazi oko kukukhethayo, yenza isicwangciso, kwaye wabelane ngayo nomntwana wakho kunye nabani na onokunye. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yenza isicwangciso B ngaphambi kwexesha.

Kucacile, le nkqubo iphucotha kwaye idla ixesha. Kwakhona kunokukhathazeka, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho akayi kuqonda ngokukhawuleza okanye akakwazi ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza imingeni. Ingundoqo kukugcina amehlo akho kumvuzo: umntu omdala enezakhono zokuzibandakanya ebomini kunye nobutyebi!

> Umthombo:

> Udliwano-ndlebe no-Elaine Hall, uMsunguli kunye noMlawuli weProjekthi yeMangaliso. Oktobha, 2017.