Iishedyuli zokugonywa ziyahluka ukusuka kwilizwe ukuya kwilizwe, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, ishedyuli ephakanyisiweyo iya kuxhomekeka kulolu hlobo lwesigontsho, isifo isitofu sokugonywa sisilungiselelwe, kunye neminyaka yengane apho isitofu sokugonya sisinokuba luncedo kakhulu. Ukugonywa kwenzelwe ukukhusela iintsana kunye nabantwana xa besengozini kakhulu (eyokuqala ebomini) kwaye ngaphambi kokuba bavelele kwizifo ezisongela ubomi.
Ishedyuli yabantwana
Ishedyuli yokugqibela yokugonywa ixhaswa ngabantwana ngamaziko okuLawula izifo, i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics, kunye neKomidi elicebisi ngeMigangatho yokuNgcwaba, ithi xa abantwana baseUnited States beqala i-kindergarten, kufuneka bafumane:
- Izifo ezi-3 ze- hepatitis B
- 2 okanye 3 izilwanyana ze-rotavirus yomlomo (Rotarix okanye iRotaTeq)
- Amayeza angama-5 e-DTaP
- 3 okanye 4 i-Hib vaccine
- 4 izilwanyana ze-Prevnar 13
- 4 izilwanyana zesitofu sokugonya
- 2 amanani okugonya kwe-MMR
- 2 amayeza okugonya inkukhu (Varivax)
- 2 izilwanyana zesitofu se-hepatitis A
- iintsholongwane zentsholongwane zonyaka, ezifumanekayo njengefayidi yenkomo xa abantwana bebancinane kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala
Inani lezonyango ezifunekayo kwi-rotavirus ne-Hib vaccines zixhomekeke kwiyiphi i-brand ye-vaccine esetyenziswayo. Amanyathelo ambalwa adingekayo kwi-Rotarix (rotavirus) kunye ne-PedvaxHIB kunye ne-Comvax (Hib) zokugonya.
Abantwana banokufumana izibhengezo ezimbalwa ukuba izitofu zokudibanisa zisetyenzisiweyo, njenge:
- I-Pediarix, inhlanganisela ye-DTaP, IPV, kunye nokugonya kwe-hepatitis B
- ProQuad , inhlanganisela ye-MMR kunye ne-Varivax
- I-Pentacel, inhlanganisela ye-DTaP, i-IPV, ne-Hib
- I-Kinrix , inhlanganisela ye-DTaP ne-IPV
Abantwana kufuneka babe ne-booster shots xa beneminyaka eyi-11 ukuya kwe-12 ubudala:
- 1 dose yeTdap
- I-doactra ye-Menactra okanye i-Menveo, ene-foster dose eneminyaka eyi-16
- Izifo ezi-3 zokugonya kwe-HPV (amantombazana kuphela)
Izigulane zokugonywa
Enye indlela yokucinga ngeshedyuli yokugonywa ngukuthi ngelixa baqala ukuzala abantwana, abaninzi abantwana baya kufumana amanyathelo amaninzi e-vaccin ukukhusela kwizifo ezikhuselekayo zokugonya ezi- 14.
Kutheni le nto ingcono kunama-shedyuli yokugonywa ukusuka kuma-1980 xa abantwana befumana ama-10 athile okugonya (1983) okanye ama-11 ama-vaccines (i-1989)?
Ngokuqinisekileyo, bafumana izibhengezo ezimbalwa emva koko, kodwa i-statistic ebaluleke kakhulu manani aphakamileyo amaninzi okusuleleka okunokuthintelwa ngamagonti abantu (ikakhulukazi abantwana) bafumana unyaka ngamnye kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokukhutshwa kwesigodlo ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhuselwa, njenge:
- I-pneumonia, i-meningitis, kunye nokusuleleka kwegazi kwi- Streptococcus pneumoniae ibhaktheriya - amacala angama-63,067 kunye nama-6,500
- I-Meningitis, i-epiglottitis, kunye nezinye izifo ezinzulu ezivela kwiHaemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib) ibhaktheriya - amacala angama-20 000 kunye nokufa kwabantu abayi-1 000
- I-Hepatitis A - iimeko ezingama-117,333, ii-6,863 ze-hospitalizations kunye nokufa kwabangu-137
- I-Hepatitis B - amacala angama-66 232, i-7,348 yezibhedlela, kunye nama-237 ukufa
- I-Rotavirus gastroenteritis - iziganeko eziyizigidi ezi-3, izibhedlele ezingama-70 kunye nokufa kwe-20 ukuya kwe-60
- I-Chickenpox - iziganeko ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4, izibhedlele ezili-10, kunye nokufa kwabangu-100
IYurophu Yenzani
Kakade ke, kungekhona wonke umntu kwihlabathi alandela ishedyuli yokugoma i-CDC. Abanye abantu bathanda ukubonisa ukuba amanye amazwe aneshedyuli yokugonywa ngamagcino ambalwa, njengeDenmark, eSweden, eFinland nase-Iceland. Kodwa ngaba iishedyuli zabo zokugoma ziyahluka?
Ngokubhekiselele kwiBhodi leZwelonke lezeMpilo kunye neNtlalontle eSweden, bonke abantwana "banikezwa ukugonywa kwizifo ezilishumi ezibi: i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, ukukhwehlela, i-polio, ukusuleleka kwe-Hib (i- Haemophilius influenzae uhlobo B), isifo se-pneumococcal, imasese, i-mumps kunye ner rubella Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2010, onke amantombazana azalwa ngo-1999 okanye kamva nawo anikwe ugonyo lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV).
Abantwana abasemngciphekweni ophezulu wokusuleleka okanye ukugula okukhulu kunikwa ugonyo lokulwa ne-hepatitis B, isifo sofuba, umkhuhlane kunye nokusuleleka kwe- pneumococcal (ukuba awusayi kugonywa njengabantwana). "
Kwaye ngokweNkqubo yeSizwe yokuNyulwa kweNtshontsho, abantwana baseFinland bafumana i-rotvirus, i-DTaP, i-IPV (i-polio), i-Hib, i-MMR, isitofu sokugonywa kwe-Pneumococcal conjugate, kunye ne-vaccine yearly vaccine. Abantwana abakwiindawo ezinobungozi kakhulu banokugonywa ngesifo sofuba (BCG), i-hepatitis B, kunye ne-hepatitis A.
I-Iceland yongeze i- Streptococcus pneumoniae yokugonya kwishedyuli yabo yokugonywa rhoqo, kwaye abanye bafunda ukuyongeza ngokukhawuleza.
Ngoko umahluko omkhulu kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokugonywa kwe-Yurophu yintlupheko yokugonywa kwe-inkukhu kunye nokugonywa okujoliswe ku-hepatitis A kunye ne-hepatitis B, ngelixa sisebenzisa iiprogram zokugonywa kwehlabathi jikelele ezichasene nezifo ezikhuselweyo zogonywa emva kokungaphumeleli kokuzama ukuzama ukukhutshwa kwegciwane.
Oku kunengqiqo, kuba:
- I-Hepatitis A ayikho imeko kwiindawo ezininzi eYurophu
- I-Hepatitis B idla ngokuqhelekileyo kumaqela obungozi obucacileyo kumazwe amaninzi eYurophu
Nangona kunjalo, amazwe amaninzi, njengeSpeyin, sele esinikezela ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B, aqala ukunika igciwane le-HPV kumantombazana amantombazana, kwaye abuye anike isifo sokugonya kwintsholongwane kubafundi ukuba ayenayo inkukhu yenkukhu.
Amazwe amaninzi eYurophu afunda isichengeni ngokubhekiselele kuhlalutyo lwenzuzo ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa i-rotavirus vaccine.
Inkulu enkulu yokuthatha indawo evela kwamanye amazwe akusebenzi ukuba isebenzise amahlumela ambalwa; yinto emhle umsebenzi abawenzayo ekugonyeni abantwana babo. EFinland, iinkcukacha zokugonywa kwamagciwane zibonisa ukuba i-98 ukuya kuma-99 ekhulwini kwabantwana bayagonywa.
Kwakhona, amazwe amaninzi afumana iishedyuli zokugonywa eziphantse zifana neshedyuli ye-CDC yokugoma. Ukususela ngo-2007, iintsana zase-Australia, ngokomzekelo, ziye zathola iintsholongwane ezinhlanu kwiinyanga ezimbini ubudala, njengase-United States-hepB, DTaP, Hib, IPV, Prevnar 7, kunye nokugonya kwe-rotavirus.
Iishedyuli zokuNyunjwa
Ezinye iimyuyuli zokugonywa ezithi abanye abantu baqhubeke nokukhuthaza ziquka:
- Isicatshulwa-Umhlobo wokuNyuswa kweShedyuli -Ukuqala kwiminyaka emibini ubudala, enye ngexesha, ufumana i- pertussis ngayinye (i-acellular pertussis), i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, kwaye i-IPV (i-polio) idabula zonke iinyanga ezintandathu, nangona i-pertussis, i-diphtheria ne-tetanus azikho kwakhona
- Isicwangciso seDr . Bob's Alternative Schedule -Izikhundla eziphuma kwiigciwane ukwenzela ukuba iintsana azifumane ngaphezulu kweebini ngexesha, kodwa kufuneka zifumane izibhengezo zenyanga, ukulibazisa i-hepatitis A kunye nokugonya kwe-hepatitis B ade abantwana bekhulile, izibilini, kunye ne-rubella shots esikhundleni sokugonya kwe-MMR
Abazali bafanele baqonde ukuba ingaba ishedyuli enye inganciphisa iziphumo zecembelelo lokugonya, okanye nokuba ukhusele ngokukhuselekileyo izifo ezikhusekileyo zokugonya (ukulibaziseka ekufumaneni izibhamu kunokushiya umntwana wakho ukhuseleke kwaye unobungozi bokufumana isifo sokukhusela isifo-thintelo sokukhuselwa), akaqinisekanga kwaye akavumelekanga.
Imithombo:
Isiko soLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuVikela. I-United States 2016 I-Shedyuli yokuNgcotshwa kwabasebenzi abadlulileyo 0 Ngeminyaka eyi-18.
I-American Academy yePediatrics. Ishedyuli yokugonywa.
Urhulumente we-Australia weSebe lezeMpilo kunye nokuguga. IShedyuli yoNgcasiso kaZwelonke.
Isizwe seSizwe saseFinland seMpilo kunye neNtlalontle. Iigciwane eFinland.
Elide: Iimigaqo kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezichaphazelekayo. - 2009.
I-MMWR: Umgangatho weSizwe, weSizwe kunye noMmandla weNdawo yokuNyulwa kweNtloko phakathi kwabantwana abakhulileyo 19-35 inyanga-i-United States, 2009. i-MMWR. NgoSeptemba 17, 2010/59 (36); 1171-1177.
IBhodi yeSizwe yezeMpilo kunye neNtlalontle. Izitofu eSweden.