Iigonti ezikhusela isifo se-tetanus, i-diphtheria, ne-pertussis (ukukhwehlela).
I-DTP, emva kwayo yonke into, yayivele ijikeleze ukususela ngo-1948 kunye ne-DTaP ukususela ngo-1997. Kwaye ngaphambi kokuba ezo zitofu zitshintshwe, sasineentsholongwane ezichasene nezi zifo ezikhuselweyo .
Yintoni entsha malunga neTdap kukuba ezi zitofu zikhusela abantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala.
Tdap Vaccines
I-Boostrix yayiyi-vaccine yokuqala yeTdap evunywe yi-FDA.
Isifo sokugonya seTdap esifanayo, i-Adacel, samkelwe ngokukhawuleza emva koko.
I-Boostrix kunye ne-Adacel ziquka i-tetanus toxoid (T), i-diphtheria inxoid (d) ne-acellular pertussis (ap) yokugonywa kwisibhozo esisodwa.
Ngokubambisana, ezi zigulane zinikezela ulutsha olukhuselekileyo kwakhona nge-pertussis, ngaphezu kokukhusela i-tetanus ne-diphtheria. Ukuvunywa kwabo yi-FDA yiindaba ezilungileyo kubazali kunye nezingane zakudala ezazikhathazekile ngokunyuka kwama- pertussis kwiminyaka yamuva.
Ngokutsho kwe-FDA, '"I-Pertussis isifo esinokuthethelela kakhulu sephepha lokuphefumula esinokubaluleka kakhulu kwiintsana ezingaphantsi komnyaka omnye, kwaye mhlawumbi ziyabulala. I-Pertussis inokubangela ukukhwehlela nokukhwabanisa okwenza ukuphefumla kunzima. Izifo ngokuqhelekileyo zincinci kakhulu kwiintsholongwane, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba ziyakwazi ukuhambisa isifo kwiintsana ezikhuselekileyo kunye namanye amalungu entsapho.
Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, izinga lokusasazeka kwe-pertussis liye landa kwiintsana ezincinane kakhulu ezingakhange zifumane zonke iintsholongwane kunye nabaselula kunye nabantu abadala. "
Ngubani ofuna i-Tdap Vaccine
Intsha iya kuvuyela ukuva ukuba imvume ye- vaccine entsha ayithethi ukuba bathe bafumane enye into.
Esikhundleni saloo ndawo, ithatha indawo ye-Td (i-tetanus booster) ebenokuyifumana xa beneminyaka eli-11 okanye eyi-12 ubudala.
Ukugonywa kweTdap:
- unokunikezwa abantwana phakathi kweminyaka engama-7 ukuya kwe-10 ukuba ngaba abagonyanga ngokupheleleyo kunye nezinye iigciwane zokukhukhumeza, njengeDTaP
- Kucetyiswa kwakhona kubantu abadala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-19 kunye no-64 njengexesha elilodwa lomthamo, ukufaka enye ye-10 ye-Td boosters.
- inokukunceda ujikeleze umntwana omtsha ngokukhuselwa kwi-pertussis, yintoni eyenza ukuba usana ekhaya ekhaya ixesha elihle kubantu abadala ukuba bafumane i-Tdap shot (iqhinga lokukhusela i-cocooning)
- kufuneka unikezwe abadala kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ukuba baya kuba nobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nosana okanye umntwana oseneminyaka engaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 (kunye nenxalenye yesicwangciso esihle secocooning)
- Unokunikezwa abadala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ukuba bafake esinye sezikhundla zabo zonyaka we-10 zeTd
Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, isitofu sokugonywa kweTdap kufuneka sinikezelwe kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ngexesha ngalinye nokukhulelwa.
Yintoni Oyaziyo Ngama-Vaccine Tdap
Ezinye izinto zokwazi malunga nezitofu zeTdap ziquka ukuba:
- zinokukhusela mahhala (oko kuthetha ukuba, njengamanye amaninzi omgodlo, azinalo i-thimerosal)
- zenziwe ngamanani amaninzi ama-antigens afanayo e-Infanrix DTaP yokugonya ukuba abantwana abaninzi sele bafumana
- ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufumana i-Tdap xa ukhulelwe iphakathi kwee-27 neye-36 zeeveki zokuncedisa ukunceda ukuba "ukwandisa impendulo yokukhulelwa kwabantwana bokubeleka kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-antibody"
- kufuneka unikezwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhamba xa kungenakunikwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa
- mhlawumbi inikeza "ukukhuseleka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pertussis ngunyaka wokuqala kwaye wancipha ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi ukukhusela okuncane kwahlala iminyaka engama-2-3 emva kokugonywa."
Kwaye nangona izitofu zeTdap zingasebenzi kwaye sifuna, zisebenza. Olunye uphando lwaphetha ngokuthi "izigulane ezinegciwane le-pertussis zaye zinciphisa ukuxhatshazwa okubonakalayo ngokugula okungaphantsi kwaye kwanciphise ixesha lokugula."
Fundiswa kwaye wenze abantwana bakho bagonywe kwaye bakhuselwe ukukhwehlela, ukuthambisa i-tetanus, i-diphtheria kunye nezinye izifo ezinokukhusela.
> Imithombo:
> Barlow RS. Abantwana abagonywayo kunye nabantwana abancinci abane-Pertussis IiNtsholongwane zokuThuthukiswa kweeNtsholongwane eziNciphise ukugula kunye nexesha, i-Oregon, ngo-2010-2012. 2014 Juni; 58 (11): 1523-9.
> CDC. Iziphakamiso eziPhakanyisiweyo zokuSebenza kweTetanus Toxoid, ukunciphisa i-Diphtheria Toxoid, kunye ne-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine (Tdap) kwi-Women's Pregnant Committee - I-ACIP), 2012. I-MMWR 2013; 62 (07): 131-5.
> CDC. Ukuvunyelwa kwe-FDA ye-Age Age Indication yeTetanus Toxoid, iyanciphisa i-Diphtheria Toxoid kunye ne-acellular Pertussis. MMWR. NgoSeptemba 23, 2011/60 (37); 1279-1280
> Klein, uNicola P. Ukunciphisa i-Tdap Impumelelo kwi-Adolescents. Pediatrics. Umqulu 137, inombolo 3, Matshi 2016