I-Pertussis Basics
Ukukhwehlela komzimba (pertussis) kudlalwa ingqalelo xa abantwana bekhwehlela, kubini kuba abazali abaninzi bacinga ukuba le ntsholongwane ekhuselekekileyo yokukhusela isisengxaki kubantwana. Nangona xa bekwenza, bavele bajonga iimpawu zokukhwehlela eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nokukhwehlela okanye ukuqukumbela okugqitywa kwisandi "soop".
Ngelishwa, ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela kukunyuka, kunye nokunyuka kwamazinga kwintsholongwane kumazwe amaninzi.
Ngelishwa, ngelixa abantwana befikelela kwinqanaba lokuba bakhwehlela, bahlala becala kwi-HIV yabo.
Umkhuhlane ohambayo
Inkohlakalo ekhuphayo yigama eliqhelekileyo le-pertussis, isifo esithintekayo sokukhusela isifo sokukhusela isifo esitshintshiweyo, eselisokile, nangona baninzi abantwana bafumana amanani amaninzi esitofu sokukhusela kwi-pertussis njengenxalenye yeshedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana.
Kutheni ukuba ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela kusengxaki enkulu kangaka, ngelixa ezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya, ezifana neliyoliyo, isifo sesingqungquthela kunye ne-diphtheria, njl.
Ukongeza kwinqanaba lokugonya eliphantsi kwamanye amaqela ezingane ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwabazali ngokukhusela ukhuseleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanye amahedyuli okugonywa, ukukhuselwa kwesigontsho se-pertussis kunciphisa ixesha. Oko kwenza abaninzi abantu abadala kunye nabantu abadala bahlaselwa yi-pertussis ngaphandle kokuba bafumene inguqulelo entsha ye-tetanus booster equka isitofu se-pertussis ( iTdap - Tetanus, iDiphtheria kunye ne-Acellular Pertussis).
Intsha engavumelekanga kunye nabantu abadala abafumana i-pertussis banokuchaphazela abantwana kunye nosana kunye neentsana ezingayigqiba i-DTaP (i-Diphtheria, iTetanus, kunye ne-acellular Pertussis).
Iimpawu zePertussis
Ekubeni i-pertussis ne-pertussis ziyaqhekeza, akubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu ze-pertussis xa umntwana wakho egula.
Izimpawu zePertussis ziqala ngokufana neempawu ezibandayo eziqhelekileyo malunga neentsuku ezi-6 ukuya kwezingama-21 emva kokuba zivezwe komnye umntu onokuthi u-pertussis, ngokuqhelekileyo ngumntu omdala onomkhuhlane ongapheliyo. Ezi zimpawu zokuqala ze-pertussis zihlala ngeveki okanye ezimbini kwaye zingabandakanya umkhuhlane omgangatho ophantsi, impumlo ye-runny, ukudibanisa, ukukrazula, nokukhwehlela.
Okulandelayo, njengokuba ukulindele ukuba iimpawu ezibandayo zezingane ziphuculwe, umntwana onama-pertussis empeleni uqala ukwanda ngakumbi kwaye avelise iimpawu ezinokudlulela ezinye iiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6, eziquka:
- ukukhwehlela okanye ukulungeleka, okuya kuphelela kwisandi sokuqala se-'opop '
- ukuhlanza emva kokukhwehlela (i-post-tussive emesis)
- i-cyanosis okanye i-blue spells emva kokukhwehlela
- i-apnea okanye iziqwenga apho umntwana ushiya ukuphefumula ngexesha okanye emva kokuphefumula
Ezi zimpawu ze-pertussis ziya kuphucula kancane kancane kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo.
Abantwana abane-pertussis kaninzi abanalo nezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu, ezifana:
- Fever
- Uhudo
- Utywala
- Ukugubha
- Ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza
Ukuba umntwana wakho ukhahlela kwaye unayo le mpawu, ngoko unokufumana i-RSV okanye enye intsholongwane, kwaye akanakho ukuba ne-pertussis, ingakumbi ukuba uye wagonywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye akabonakalwanga nakubani na nge-pertussis.
Yintoni Okumele Uyikhumbule
Abazali bafanele babone ootitshala bezingane ukuba bacinga ukuba umntwana wabo unokuhlakulela iimpawu ze-pertussis okanye ufuna ukufumana unyango olungakumbi xa umntwana wakho omncinci eneempawu ezinzima, ezifana ne-apnea okanye ukukhwehlela ixesha elide.
Ezinye izinto zokugcina engqondweni malunga neempawu ze-pertussis kunye ne-pertussis ziquka ukuba:
- Ngezinye iinkcukacha ukuxilongwa kwe-pertussis kukunyanzelwanga, njengokuba ukukhwehlela komntwana kubangelwa kwizifo eziqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-RSV okanye i-pneumonia. Qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho uye wavelelwa kumntu onophethsis, nantoni na onomkhuhlane ongapheliyo, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuthi abe ne-pertussis.
- I-bacterial culture okanye ipolmerase chain reaction (PCR) yokuvavanya inokukunceda ukuxilonga i-pertussis, nangona abantwana abaninzi baqala ukuvavanywa nje ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zabo.
- Uphulo lwangokokuqala kunye namachiza omzimba lunokunceda ukuba umntwana wakho angeneleleki komnye kwabanye kodwa akabonakalwanga ukuba enze umehluko omkhulu kwimali okanye ixesha leempawu.
- Abantu abadala abane-pertussis bahlala benomkhuhlane ongapheliyo kwiinyanga eziliqela kwaye abaninzi nezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-pertussis kubantwana
- Ikomidi elicebisa ngeendlela zokugonywa (ACIP) lincoma ukuba abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-19 no-64 bafumane isitifiketi esisodwa segciwane lokukhusela i-Tdap ukuba abazange babe nakho ngaphambili.
- Abantu abadala abanokuqhagamshelana nabantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12 ubudala, kuquka nabazali, ootatomkhulu (nokuba baneminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala), ababoneleli bamanyango kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo, kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokukhusela iTdap ukuba abanalo , nangona sele iphantsi kweminyaka engama-10 ukususela kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-tetanus.
Imithombo:
CDC. Ukuthintela iTetanus, iDiphtheria kunye nePertussis Phakathi kwabantu abadala: Ukusetyenziswa kweTetanus Toxoid, ukunciphisa i-Diphtheria Toxoid kunye ne-acellular Pertussis Vaccine. MMWR. Disemba 15, 2006/55 (RR17): 1-33.
UGregory DS. I-Pertussis: Isifo esichaphazelekayo kwiminyaka yonke. I-Physician ye-Fam - 1-AUG-2006; 74 (3): 420-6
I-Kliegman: uNelson Inkcazelo yeePediatrics, 18th.
Elide: Iimigaqo kunye nokuSebenza kwezifo ezithathelwanayo zonyango, 3rd ed.
CDC. Ishedyuli yokuNgcwaba yabantu abadala abaphakanyisiweyo -United States, 2011. I-MMWR. NgoFebruwari 4, 2011/60 (04); 1-4.