Iigonya
I-CDC ibhala uluhlu lokugonywa njengento enkulu yezempilo kwimpumelelo yezempilo ye-20 leminyaka.
I-World Health Organisation iphinda ibize iigciwane "enye yezona ngenelelo eziyimpumelelo kunye neyona mpu melelo yempilo karhulumente," eyinceda ukukhusela "i-2 million yezigidi zokufa kwabantwana minyaka yonke kuwo wonke amaqela ukusuka kwi-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis (ukukhwehlela). imasisi. "
Iigonti zenza okungakumbi, nangona kunjalo.
Ukunyuswa kwamazinga okugonywa kunokunceda ukunqanda:
- Izifo kubantwana abayizigidi ezingama-24 kwihlabathi abangenakho ukufikelela ekugqityeni iichungechunge zogonyamelo lwesiganeko kufuneka bafumane ngaphambi kokuba bafike kwiinyanga ezili-12 ubudala
- Ukufa kwabantwana abayi-1.3 yezigidi kunye nabantwana abancinci besifo se-pneumococcal kunye ne-rotavirus
- Ukufa kwemasyundu angama-200,000
- Ubuncinane ama-49,000 abantu abafa kwi-tetanus ye-neonatal
- Iimeko eziqhubekayo zepolisi yokuhlala e-Afghanistan nasePakistan
Kwaye izitsha zokugoma zingancedisa ukulawula ezinye izifo kunye nosongelo olutsha, olusakhulayo.
IiNkcukacha zeSitofu
Ukufunda nokufumana inyaniso malunga nokugonya nokukhusela ukuchithwa kwengcaciso engafanelekanga kunokunceda uqinisekise ukuba abantwana bakho banokugonywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye bakhuselekile kwizifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya :
- Ngethuba eliqala isikolo, abaninzi abantwana abasemva kweshedyuli yokugonywa kwangoku baya kunyuka ukuya kuma-35 amayeza e-vaccine ahlukeneyo (kubandakanywa nokugonya umkhuhlane wonyaka), kodwa mhlawumbi bangama-shots angama-20 xa befumana iigcino ezidibeneyo, ezifana nePediarix (DTaP-HepB-IPV) okanye i-Pentacel (DTaP-IPV-Hib), i-Kinrix (i-DTaP-IPV), ne-Proquad (i-MMR-Var), njl njl, kunye neFumumist spal once they are two years old.
- Nangona ufanele uzame ukufumana i-doses yokugonya ngokubhekiselele kwishedyuli yokugonywa, unyango lwe-vaccine luyaqhubeka lubalwa, nokuba ngaba lunikwe iintsuku ezine.
- Iigciwane eziphilayo , ezifana ne-MMR kunye ne-Varivax, kufuneka zinikezwe ngexesha elifanayo okanye ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-28.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo akudingeki uqalise kwakhona iichungechunge lokugonya ukuba ufikelele ekufumaneni umthamo olandelayo okanye wokugqibela kwiichungechunge lokugonya.
- Iimpawu ezivakalayo ze-Thimerosal zokugonywa kwishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana ziye zafumaneka ukususela ngo-2001.
- I-Thimerosal kwiimpawu zokugonywa azizange zidibaniswe ne-autism.
- Ngaphandle kokususwa kwe-thimerosal, kusekho ezinye izongezo zokugonya kunye nezigulane kwezinye izitofu ezibanceda basebenze bhetele, kuquka i-formaldehyde ne-aluminium. Abaninzi basala kwiimali ezisele zisuka kwindlela izitofu zenziwa ngayo, kwaye ezinye, njenge-formaldehyde, zingaphantsi kwexabiso elitholakalayo kubantwana.
- Nangona kungenjalo kunikezelwa abantwana, iigcino ezingeyona inxalenye yeshedyuli yethu yokugonywa ziyafumaneka ukuze zikhusele ezinye izifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya, ezifana nekholera, i-yellow fever, i-typhoid, i-rabies, isifo sofuba (BCG), i-shingles, kunye Incephalitis yaseJapan (JE), njl.
- Awukwazi ukufumana umkhuhlane kwisifo sokugonya umkhuhlane. Akunakusebenza (ukubulawa) umkhuhlane okanye ukutshatyalaliswa okubandayo, ukunyanzelwa (ukubuthathaka) kuphila kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane we-spray can spray can cause sickness disease in those people who get them.
- Iigonti aziququzelele i-anti-frozen.
- Ingxelo yeLancet nguAndrew Wakefield eyancedile ukuqala ukuloyiko oluninzi malunga nokuxhamla phakathi kwezigulane kunye ne-autism ayizange iphinde iphindwe ngabanye abaphandi, ibuyisiwe kwaye ifumaneka ngokusekelwe kuphando lobuqhetseba.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa (syncope) kuya kwenzeka, ngokuqhelekileyo kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-15 yokugonywa, ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yokufumana i-HPV, i-Tdap, kunye neentsholongwane ze-meningococcal, okokuba kutheni abantwana bebanconywa ukuba abantwana bahlale phantsi okanye balele phantsi ngexesha lokugonywa kwaye kufuneka bagcinwe imizuzu eyi-15 emva kokufumana izibhengezo.
- Xa izinga lokugonywa liye lahla phakathi kuka-1989 no-1991, amaxesha omasisi aphakanyiselwe kumazinga aphezulu abonwayo ukususela ekubeni isitofu sokugonywa kwe-measles sinelayisenisi, kunye namacala angama-55,467 kwiminyaka emithathu, izibhedlele eziyi-11,251 kunye nokufa kwabangu-166. Iziganeko zemasisi zikhawuleza kwakhona zitsho emva kweeprogram ezinzulu zokugonywa kwamanyathelo okukhusela abantwana.
- Izigulane ezingaphezulu kwama-80 zomviwa zifikelele kwiimvavanyo zokuvavanywa kweeklinikhi, kubandakanywa izitofu ze-malariya kunye ne-feengue fever.
Yintoni enye efunekayo ukuba uyifumane ngamagciwane ukufumana iintsholongwane zakho zigonywe kwaye zikhuselwe?
Izifo ezikhuselweyo
Iigonti ezinikezelwa rhoqo kubantwana ngokwexesha lokugqibela lokugonywa libakhusele kwizifo ezikhuselekayo zokugonya, eziquka izifo ezibangelwa yi:
- Intsholongwane ye Varicella - inkukhu / i-shingles
- IDiphtheria
- Flu
- Hib - Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b
- I-Hepatitis A
- I-hepatitis B
- Igciwane le-papillomavirus (HPV)
- Iimpawu
- I-Neisseria meningitidis (i-bacterial meningococcal)
- Amathumbu
- I-Pertussis (ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (ibhaktheriya ye-pneumococcal)
- Polio
- Rotavirus
- Rubella
- ITetanus
Ngokungafani nesikhomba, akukho nanye kwezi zifo ezikhuselweyo zokugonya zipheliswe.
Nangona nje ukuba unqabile eUnited States, ukuqubuka okuncinci kwemasisi kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye sibone iinombolo zokurekhoda kweemasisi kwiminyaka yamuva, kunye neengxaki ezininzi kubantwana ababazali babo abanqatshelwe ukuba bafumane izitofu. ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye sibonile inani lokurekhodwa kwemasisi kuminyaka yakutshanje, kunye neengxaki ezininzi kubantwana ababazali babo abanqatshelwe ukuba bagonywe.
Okunye ukuphazamiseka kwangoko kweentsholongwane ezikhuselwe ukugonya kubandakanya:
- Ukuqhuma kwe-pertussis eCalifornia nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi
- Amaqhekeza ahlaselwa kwiindawo eziliqela, eziphantse ziphindwe kathathu kwiimeko ze-measles ngo-2008 ukuya kwiimeko ezingama-140, abaninzi banxulumene nabantwana abancinci abangazange bahambe bevela e-United States. oku kuqubuka, kwachaphazela abantwana abaninzi abancinci ukuba bafumane i-MMR yokugonya okwamanje. Ezi ziqhambuka zevotsukliya ziyaqhubeka, ngo-2011 zibe yinye irekhodi yonyaka, iimeko ezingaphezu kwama-220, ezona zininzi kwiminyaka eyi-15.
- Ukuvuthwa kwe-Iowa (2006) kunye neNew York kunye neNew Jersey (2009)
Iintsholongwane ezigonywe ngamanye amaxesha zigula ngezi zifo, ngokukodwa xa zityhila isifo njengama-mumps, apho isitofu sokugonya sisebenza kuphela ngo-76 ukuya ku-95%, nangona emva kokunyuka kwamayeza amabini, kodwa ingozi yabantwana abangenayo iigonti ngokuqhelekileyo phezulu.
Eyona nto ibangela enye yeengqinamba ezichanekileyo zokugonya: abantwana abangahlambulukanga banokubeka abanye abantwana engozini yokufumana isifo esiphethwayo sokugonya, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba bancinci ukuba banokugonywa, abanakugonywa, okanye ngenxa yokugonywa kwabo .
Fundiswa. Fumana i-Vaccinated. Yeka i ziqhwithi.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Policy Statement. Ishedyuli yokugonywa kwabantwana kunye ne-Adolescent Adolescent - eMelika, ngo-2011. 2011; 127; 387-388.
CDC. Iingcamango malunga ne-Influenza yonyaka kunye ne-Influenza Vaccines. Kufike ngoFebruwari 2011.
CDC. Ukukhutshwa kweCandelo loLuntu kwiNtsebenzo ekuphenduleni ukubuyiswa kweeMishumbane phakathi koBantwana base-Preschool-Aged-United States, ngo-1989-1991. MMWR. Julayi 24, 1992/41 (29); 522-525.
> Iingcebiso ngokubanzi malunga nokugonywa. Iingcebiso zeKomidi elicebisi malunga neMigudu yokuNgcwaba (ACIP). MMWR. NgoJanuwari 28, 2011/60 (RR02); 1-60.
> Kreesten M. Madsen. I-Thimerosal kunye ne-Occism ye-Autism: Ubungqina obubi obungokwemvelo kwi-Danish Population Based Based Data. Iipediatrics, Sep 2003; 112: 604 - 606.
Iimfesi-United States, uJanuwari 1 - Aprili 25, 2008. I-MMWR. Ngo-Meyi 1, 2008/57 (Ukukhululwa kwangaphambili); 1-4.
> UPaul A. Unika, MD. Ukujongana Neengxaki Zabazali: Ngaba Iiglofu Zinezikhuselo eziMngcipheko, iziHlomelo, iiHlomelo, okanye abahlali? PEDIATRICS Vol. 112 No. 6 Disemba 2003, iphe. 1394-1397.
WHO. Iinjongo zegciwane lehlabathi kunye nokugonywa. Inkqubela yesithathu. 2009.