Umthetho ujolise ukunika iimfuno ezizodwa ulutsha ngemfundo ekhululekile nefanelekileyo
Inkqubo yokufunwa ngumqathango phantsi koMntu onokukhubazeka kwemfundo (IDEA) obeka isiseko solawulo semigaqo-nkqubo esemthethweni kunye nenkqubo ekufuneka iphunyezwe zizikolo nakwizithili kubantwana kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezizodwa.
Inkqubo yokujoliswa kwenjongo ihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abaneziphene zokufunda kunye nezinye iintlobo zokukhubazeka bafumana imfundo efanelekileyo ye-public.
Le nkqubo nenkqubo zichazwe ngokucacileyo kwingxelo yesigqeba somgaqo-nkqubo yesigqeba kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yendawo. Izikhuselo zenkqubo zambi ngamanye amaxesha zibhekiswa njengeengxelo zamalungelo omzali.
Iimfuneko zenkqubo yokuqhutywa zibekwe kwi-IDEA ngenjongo yokuba, ukuba ilandelwe, iya kunceda ekuququzeleleni ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo kubantwana abakhubazekileyo.
Iimvakalelo zabazali abaxhatshazwayo
Intetho ekhethekileyo yemfundo efanelekileyo yokufunda iyona yezona zixhobo ezintathu eziphambili zolawulo ezifumanekayo kubazali phantsi koMntu onokukhubazeka kwemfundo (IDEA) kunye neCandelo 504 loMthetho wokuBuyiselwa kowe-1973 ukuxazulula ukungavumelani phakathi kwabazali kunye nezikolo malunga nabantwana abakhubazekileyo.
Inkqubo yokuvalelwa kwenkqubo yokuvalelwa kwezifundo eziqhutywa, ngeendlela ezininzi, njengetyala lenkundla. Iintlanganiso zingabanjelwa egameni labafundi ngabanye okanye amaqela abafundi, njengokwenziwa kwiklasi-isenzo.
Yintoni eyenzekayo ngexesha leMfundo ekhethekileyo?
Ukuvalelwa kweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kufana nokuvalelwa kwintlanganiso yenkundla. Naliphi na iqela lingamelwa ngummeli okanye lingabonisa amacala abo ngokwabo. Iinkqubo kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yokuvalelwa kweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zingadlukana ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho ethile yolawulo.
Ngokubanzi, ukuvalelwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba abazali bakholelwa ukuba inkqubo yezemfundo ngamnye yomntwana (IEP) ayifakwanga ngokufanelekileyo, umntwana wabo unqatshelwe kwiMfundo Yoluntu Efanelekileyo Efanelekileyo (FAPE), okanye abavumelani nesikolo malunga nokuba zeziphi iindlela zokufundisa ezifanelekileyo umntwana.
Kwezinye iimeko, abazali bakholelwa ukuba isithili sesikolo siphumelele ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezifanelekileyo zokuncedisa, njengentetho , imithi yonyango okanye yomsebenzi , kumntwana. Bakholelwa ukuba baye bazama ukusebenza kunye nesithili ukulungisa ingxaki kodwa abazange baphumelele. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukungavumelani kuye kwabaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba kufuna igosa lokuphulaphula inxaxheba (IHO) ukuyisombulula.
Iimvakalelo zeNkqubo zeNtsebenzo zenzeke njani
Ummangali okanye ummangali unika ingxelo yokuvula ukuba iinkcukacha zakhe zibekwe kummeli okanye ummangalelwa. Ummangalelwa naye unomthwalo wobungqina.
Amabini omabini anikwe ithuba lokuchaza amatyala abo. Ngamnye makangqina ukuba nayiphi na izityholo zinyani ngokwaneleyo, ubungqina obuvumelekileyo kunye namaxwebhu axhasayo.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zobungqina zibandakanya iirekhodi zokuqokelela abantwana kunye neefayili zemfundo eziyimfihlo eziyimfihlo; ukuhanjiswa kovavanyo ; iingxelo zovavanyo ezivela kwisikolo okanye abavandlakanyi ba bucala.
Iinjongo zeenjongo ze- IEP kunye neenjongo, iingxelo zenkqubela phambili; iingxelo zoqeqesho, ezifana nokumiswa nokukhutshwa kwamaphepha; kunye neengxelo zebanga; no no bungqina.
Amabini omabini angalungisa izikhalazo zokuxhasa izikhundla zabo ukuba zingenise kwi-IHO ukuze ziqwalaselwe. Iimviwo ziquka ngokubanzi ulwazi malunga nemicimbi echaphazelekayo kwimeko. Ngokomzekelo, umzali wengane ene-autism angenise usebenziso olutshanje olunxibelelwano lwezonxibelelwano ezingakumbi.
Iqela ngalinye lingaphakamisela amangqina ukuba angqinisise umntu okanye nge-afidavithi okanye kwidiphozithi. Amaqela anikezelwa ithuba lokuphinda ahlolisise nawaphi na amangqina anika ubungqina ngexesha lokuva.
Igosa eliphulaphulayo liphulaphule icala elinikezwa ngamacandelo kwaye lenze isigqibo esisesikweni ngokusekelwe kumthetho wecala. IHOs inokuthembela kwimithetho yolawulo ekhoyo, ukubophelela ngaphambili kunye neengqungquthela ezikholisayo ukwenza izigqibo zabo kwimiba.
Amacandelo omabini anakho ukhetho lokubhenela isigqibo sokuba ngaba bangabonisa ubungqina obufanelekileyo bokuthi igosa lophulaphulo lenze iphutha okanye ukuba ubungqina obongezelelweyo sele buchaphazela oko kuphazamiseka kwisiphumo.
Ezinye iinkqubo zengxaki ezifumaneka kubazali
Abazali banokuphinda baqhube ezinye iinkqubo zezikhalazo. Ngokomzekelo, banokufuna isisombululo esingacwangciswanga ngxaki ngokuthetha nenqununu okanye umphathi wesikolo somntwana, umlawuli okhethekileyo wemfundo okanye umlawuli weCandelo 504.
Ukongezelela, banokufaka isikhalazo kwibhodi yendawo yemfundo ngumphathi wesithili okanye umphathi okanye ufake ifom ye-IDEA isikhalazo esisesikweni kwisebe lemfundo karhulumente. Abanye abazali bakhetha ukufaka isikhalazo seCandelo 504 kwi-Ofisi yeSebe leMfundo leMfundo lase-United States.
Ekugqibeleni, banokucela ukudibanisa kwisebe lemfundo karhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo efanelekileyo yokuvalelwa ingaba yinkqubo ende kunye neyokuxininisa kubo bonke abachaphazelekayo, ukulandela ezinye iintlobo zesisombululo kunokuba luncedo.