Isiseko Sokuphepha kwabantwana
Ekubeni izingozi zikhokelela ekufeni kubantwana, akumangalisi ukuba oogqirha bezilwanyana bahlala begxila kakhulu ekufundiseni abazali malunga nokukhusela abantwana, ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezihlalo zeemoto, nokukhuthaza abantwana ukuba basebenzise iikhomethi .
Abazali abaninzi abanalo, nangona kunjalo, ingozi engazange ibe yinto engabonakaliyo kakhulu engabonakaliyo njengamanzi, izingozi zeemoto, okanye imililo yomlilo.
Ukufunda ngalezi ezinye iingozi kunokukunceda ukuba uthathe amanyathelo alula ukugcina abantwana bakho bekhuselekile.
Escalators
Uninzi lwabazali bavumela abantwana babo ukuba bahambe ngeenqwelo zokuhamba ngaphandle kokunika ingcamango yesibini. Ngelishwa, iKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi (I-CPSC) ibika ukuba kukho ukulimala okungama-11 000 kwi-escalators ngonyaka ka-2007, ngokuyininzi ukusuka ekuwa. Ukongezelela, kubekho iingxelo ezingama-77 zokungeniswa - xa izandla, iinyawo, okanye izicathulo (ikakhulukazi ama-clogs kunye nezicathulo zeeslayidi) ziboshwe kwi-escalator - ukususela ngo-2006.
Abantwana bakho banokukhwela i-escalator, kodwa qiniseka ukuba bayakwenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Bafanele:
- ukubopha i-shoelaces ngaphambi kokuba ufike kwi-escalator
- umi phakathi kwendawo ye-escalator, ubhekise phambili, ubambe umgca wesikhokelo, kwaye unyuke ekupheleni
- ungayi kuhlala okanye udlala kwi-escalator - akufanele iphathwe njengendlela yokupaka ipaki yokuzonwabisa
Mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu, sifunde apho inkinobho yokucima ngokukhawuleza yinto enokuthi unqamle i-escalator xa umntu ekhunjulwa xa ekhwele.
Ukuthengwa kweeKharithi
Iinqwelo zokuthengwa akufuneki ukuba zithathwa njengengozi efihlakeleyo, njengoko ukulimala kwimizila yokuthengwa kuye kwapapashwa kakuhle kwiminyaka yamuva. Kukho izilumkiso malunga nokulimala kweenqwelo zeenqwelo ezinokushicilelwa kwiindawo ezininzi zokuthengwa kule mihla.
Sekunjalo, ukuba uya kwisitolo okanye ivenkile enkulu yesebe, uya kubakho ukubona abantwana bekhwele kunye neenqwelo zokuthenga, bebeka emngciphekweni wokuwa kunye nokulimala kwentloko.
Enyanisweni, ngokutsho kweKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi, "ivela kwiivenkile zethengi ziphakathi kwezona zinto ezibangela ukulimala kwentloko kubantwana abancinci."
Ukongeza kokufunda malunga nenqwelo yenqwelo yokuthenga, khumbula ukuba i-American Academy of Pediatrics ithi "abazali bayakhuthazwa kakhulu ukuba bafune ezinye iindlela zokuthutha umntwana wabo kwinqwelo yezinto zokuthenga ukuze kubekho ukulungiswa okusemgangathweni kwenkqubo yokukhusela inqwelo yenqwelo. Eunited States."
I-TV kunye neeFowuni ze-Tip-overs
Abantwana abaselula banqwenela ukunyuka. Ngelishwa, xa bekhwela kwifenitshala enkulu, njengokhekha, i-TV, okanye umgcini, unako ukuphosa phezulu kwabo. Ukongeza kwengozi yefenitshala enzima ewela phezu kwabo, abantwana banokulimala xa izinto ezinkulu ziphezulu kwipsenti yefenitshala ngaphezulu, ngokukodwa iiseti ezinkulu zikamabonwakude.
Ngokwe-CPSC, bekukho ubuncinane ama-36 okufa kunye nokufelwa kwefenitshala ye-furniture phakathi kwe-2000 no-2005; Unobungozi obuninzi babephathwa ngamagumbi angxamisekileyo.
Ukuze ugweme le ngozi, qiniseka ukukhusela izixhobo ezinkulu kunye neefenitshala ezidongeni nge-anchor okanye i-strap; enye inokunikezelwa xa uthetha ukuthenga kwakho, okanye unokukhetha enye kwipenitshala okanye kwindawo yokuphucula ikhaya.
Kwakhona, qiniseka ukubeka umboniso wakho kumabonwakude kwaye ukhuseleke endaweni ukuze ungenakukwazi ukuphosa.
Bounce Houses
I-CPSC ibonisa ukuba ukulimala okungama-4,900 ahlobene nezitilayidi ezinokuthabatheka kunye nezindlu eziphangaleleyo zaphathwa ngamagumbi aphuthumayo ngo-2004. Oku kwabakho ukunyuka ukusuka ku-1,300 ukulimala ngo-1997 kwaye mhlawumbi kubonakalisa ukufumaneka okongeziweyo kunye nezindleko eziphantsi kweendlu ezixhamlayo kule mihla; Uvame ukubabona beqeshwe kumaqela okuzalwa asempilweni, amaqela ebloko, kunye nemikhosi.
Ukongezelela, kuye kwaba malunga nokufa omnye ngonyaka ngenxa yezindlu ezinokuzithengisa, izindlu zesithintelo zengqungquthela, kunye neendonga zokukhupha.
Ezi zokufa sele ziphantse kuphela kubadala abadala kunye nabaselula kunye nokubandakanya ukuwa nokulimala kwentloko. Omnye umntwana wabulawa endlwini yongxowankulu ngo-2007 nangona-uneminyaka emithathu ubudala kwindawo yokudlala yangaphakathi xa abantu abadala abadala bewela kuye kwindlu ephazamisayo kwaye baqhaqhaza ikhanda lakhe.
Ukuhlaziya izindlu kunokuzonwabisa, kodwa abantwana kufuneka balawulwe kakuhle xa bexhamla kwaye bahambelana nabantwana abaneminyaka efanayo nobukhulu obufanayo. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba indlu yokuxhamla ikhuselekile emhlabathini kwaye ukuba unako ukukhawuleza ukukhupha abantwana xa indlu yokuqhafaza iqala ukuyichasa.
Abazali
Bazali? Abazali bangaba njani ingozi efihliweyo kukhuseleko lwabantwana babo?
Enye indlela kukuba bahlala beyazi indlela ekhuselekileyo yokwenza izinto, kodwa bayeke ukwenza oko kusasa kuba becinga ukuba umntwana wabo usemdala ukuba angalimala. Ngokomzekelo, abazange bacinge ukuvumela ukuhamba kwabo emithathu okanye emine ubudala emotweni ngaphandle kwesihlalo semoto, kodwa bavumela isiqinisekiso sabo seminyaka emihlanu esikolweni kwisihlalo sakhe sobuxhasi. Okanye, bavumela ukuhamba kwabo abaneminyaka emibhozo ehamba phambili kwisihlalo semoto okanye bakhwele ibhayisikili ngaphandle kwesihenqo.
Ukugcina abantwana bekhuselekile:
- Gcina ikhaya lakho lingakhuselekanga kakuhle umntwana kude kube ngumntwana okwaneleyo ukuqonda izingozi ozizama ukumkhusela. Oko kuthetha ukugcina iitshixo kwiidrafti kunye neekhabhinethi, amasango kwizitepsi, kunye nezikhuselo kwiivenkile zombane, njl njl.
- Gwema iibhulayi eziglasi, ngakumbi xa zingenziwa ngeglasi, ngenxa yokuba zibeka umngcipheko xa abantwana bekhuphuka okanye bewela phezulu baze baphule ngeglasi.
- Khumbula ukugcina ihotele yakho ingakhuselekanga nabantwana xa uhamba, kuquka nokusebenzisa isikhalazo sokuhamba kunye nezinye iimveliso zentsana ngokufanelekileyo.
- Hambisa abantwana kwisihlalo se-booster xa beye baqhubela phambili isihlalo seemoto zabo kunye ne-harness straps, kwaye bagcine apho baze bakulungele ukuhlala kwiibhotttsti eziqhelekileyo xa beba-4'9 "ubude.
- Gcina abantwana kwisitulo sokugqibela semoto baze baneminyaka eyi-13 ubudala.
- Ubuncwane bakho kubantwana bakho , ukuba unayo, ngokuyifaka kwifowuni ngesango lokuzivala nokuzikhusela.
- Ukujongana nabantwana emanzini, nokuba ngaba bayazi indlela yokubhukuda.
- Khuthaza abantwana ukuba bagqoke isigqoko xa bekhwela ibhayisikili , i-scooter, i-skateboard, okanye isebenzise i- Heelys .
- Khumbula ukuba ungashiyi umntwana wakho ekhaya uze ulungele.
- Thatha abantwana kwi-fireworks bonisi, endaweni yokuvumela ukuba badlale ngemisebenzi yokuqhumisa umlilo, kuqukwa ne-sparklers, enokufikelela kuma-degrees angama-1000 kwaye kubangele isiqingatha sezinto ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nomlilo kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu (i-10% yezilima ezichaphazelekayo zomlilo).
Ingaba umntwana wakho unokuphepha?
Awufuni ukuba umntwana wakho aphile kumbhobho okanye ahambe ehamba ephethe isigqoko kwixesha lonke, kodwa khumbula ukuba amathuba othabathayo, umntwana wakho unokulimala okanye abulawe ngengozi.
Ukongeza kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo lokhuseleko lokusebenzisa isihlalo semoto ngokuchanekileyo, ukufaka umtshina womsi, kunye nokukhusela umntwana ekhaya, qaphela ezinye izingozi ezifihliweyo ezinokungcolisa ukhuseleko lomntwana wakho:
- ibhokisi elingaphezulu kwebhedi , okumele kugwenywe de kube abantwana bancinci kwiminyaka emithandathu ubudala
- izixhobo zomculo, ezifana negitare, ezinokulimaza umntwana omncinci odlala ngeemichilo (umz., uzama ukuzitshintsha ngaphezulu), ukuba enye yeemichilo ezingaphantsi kweempazamo eziphezulu, ezihamba ezinjeni okanye izikrakra ubuso bakhe, njl
- Amanzi aphakamileyo, imvula yamanzi, kunye neengqimba xa ukukhukhula kwamanzi kuqhubeka ngexesha nangemva kweendudumo ezinkulu
- ukujikeleza okuhambayo, okunokugijima phezu komntwana kwindlela yokuhambisa; Iintsana nazo ziya kuwela xa zikhwele kwi-float
- zikhunjulwe okanye ziphule iiyayi
- Iimpawu ezingabonakali ubudala, ngokukodwa amathoyizi kunye namagqabantshintshi kunye namacinci amancinci, abeka ingozi yokukhahlela abantwana abancinci
- izixhobo zokusebenza zasekhaya, kuquka amabhayisikili aqhutywayo, abahamba ngeendlela zokuhamba kunye nabaqhubi bezitepsi, okukhokelela ekulimaweni kwabantwana abangama-25 000 ngonyaka
- ukukhwela-kumatshini amatshini, angasetyenziselwa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-16 ubudala; ukuhamba-emva kwamagqabi antshontsho, angasetyenziswanga ngabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-12
- iimoto ezitshisayo , ngakumbi xa iintsana okanye iintsana zihlala kwisitulo semoto, abantwana okanye abantwana abafundela esikolweni baya kungena emotweni ukuze badlale kwaye abakwazi ukuphuma, okanye abantwana baxakeke kwisiqu
- ukudweba kwiingubo zokugqoka, ezinokuba ngumngcipheko; iifowuni ezongezelelweyo, iidibhoni, okanye izinto zokuhlobisa kwimpahla yengubo kunye nezambatho zeintsana okanye eziselula, kuba ziza kwaye zibe yingozi
- i-paperworkers, engabangela ukuba unqunywe ngumunwe kunye nokugqithisa, ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci
- abadala (bathengiswa ngaphambi koNovemba 2000) iwindlu ephofayo kunye neentambo, ezingenza iingubo kunye nokunciphisa abantwana abancinci.
- Ama-shades aseRoma kunye neempumputhe ezikhuphayo eziye zityhutyha iintambo okanye iintambo zangaphakathi.
- iwela kwiifestile , ezinokuthi zithintele ngokufaka ifowuni yokulinda okanye iwindi leme (ivimbela ifestile ekuvuleni ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amane)
- umnyango wegaraji ongazenzeki ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye unomgibe umntwana phantsi komnyango (ikakhulu ingxaki kwiingcango zegaraji ezenziwe ngaphambi kuka-1993 kunye nabasanda kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo)
- iibhaluni , ezibangela ukufa ngokugqithiseleyo kuneebhola, iibhulabhu okanye iinxalenye zokudlala ezincinci (ngaphezu kokukhahlela okanye ukufunisisa kwiinqununu eziqhekekileyo zebhaluni, abanye abantwana banamathela kwiibhaluni ezingenasiphulisi ngelixa bezama ukubethelela, yingakho abantu abadala bafanele bahlole abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka ezisibhozo ezidlala ngeibhaluni. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu akufanele bavunyelwe ukudlala ngeibhaluni nonke)
- ichibi elidala, i-spa, kunye nemifudlana yokuhlamba; ukuxhamla kwabo ngamandla kunye nezikhuselo ezindala kunokukhokelela ekubanjweni kwezinwele okanye kwinxalenye yomzimba
- ii- trampolines zasekhaya, iinqwelo ezihamba ngeemoto kunye neenqwelo-moya zendawo (ii-ATVs), izibhamu ezingekho mandla (izibhamu ze-BB, izibhamu zeplatlet, izibhamu zomoya, okanye iipayipi eziphambili), apho i-AAP ibona njengamathoyizi angaphephile kubantwana
- qi niseka ukukhusela i-nicotine yamanzi engena kwi- e-cigarettes , njengamaziko enetyhefu ehlabathini lonke abona ukunyuka okukhulu kwezingane ezibonakaliswe ngokungenisa, ukuvuthwa okanye ukungena kwi-sikhumba okanye amehlo
- ii-pods zokuhlamba impahla , apho i-AAP ithi "ibeka umngcipheko onobungozi kubantwana abancinci," kuquka iifowuni ezingaphezu kwe-17 000 ukulawulwa ngetyhefu kunyaka owodwa ukusuka kubantwana abanomdla okanye abanqwenela iipods.
Imithombo:
Ingxelo yeNkqubo ye-AAP. Iinqwelo zokuthengwa kweenqwelo-nxi-ezihlobene nabantwana. PEDIATRICS Vol. 118 No. 2 Agasti 2006, iphe. 825-827
Ukulimala okuxhamle kwiRide-Related Related Ride and Deaths eUnited States: 2005 Update
CDC. Imibiko yeeNkcazo zeSizwe zeVital. Umqulu 53, Inani 17. Matshi 7, 2005.
CPSC. Inqwelwana yokuThengisa ukhuseleko. Ukuwa kwiiNkcukacha zokuThengwa kubangelwa ukuKhuseleko kweNtloko kubantwana. Icandelo le-CPSC # 5075
Isiko leSizwe soKhuselo nokuLawula ukuLawulwa koLuntu. Ama-WISQARS Ukulimala Kokufa: IiNgxelo zokufa