Iimeko zokusinda kweentsana ezinokudlulileyo
Kumntu ongakaze ambone umntwana osengaphambili , kunzima ukuchaza indlela encinci imimangaliso encinci. Umntwana osemyingeni ozalwe kwiintsuku ezingama-22 ukuya kuma-24, isithuba sokuqala sokusinda kwiintshaba , ulinganisa ngaphezu kweepounds ekuzalweni. Iincinci ezincinci ezisaphila ezindala ezange zizalwe zibalelwa ngesigamu-malunga ne-8 1/2 i-ounces.
Malunga neentsana ezizigidi ezili-15 zizalwa kuqala, ngokwembiko ka-2012 eLancet. Kodwa i-gap yokuhlala ikhula ngokubanzi phakathi kwamazwe aphezulu angenayo. EUnited States, intuthuko engaqinisekanga kwinkathalo eninzi yokubeletha ivumelekile ukuba kusinde abantwana abancinci nabancinci. Oko kuthethwa, iintsapho ezingabantwana zisinda kuhambo olulukhuni.
Ubuninzi bokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa ngokuba yiiveki ezingama-24 zesigxina, kwaye yiyo i-cutoff esetyenziswayo xa uzama ukugcina ubomi bentsana yokuqala. Ngaloo minyaka yobudala, le ntsana inama-39 ekhulwini lokuphila. Ukuze ezi ntsana ziphile, zifuna ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ezininzi zonyango. Bajamelene neemeko eziphezulu zokuba neqondo lokukhubazeka okanye ukuphuhliswa kokukhula. Ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuvalelwa kwingozi.
Iintshaba Zincinci zehlabathi
Ezi ntsana zazingezona zincinane kunazo zonke zokusinda.
Iinkcukacha zokuzalwa kwabo kunye nokuphila kwazo zifundisa ngeziganeko kunye nokunyamekela ezi zintsana.
Rumasia Rahman
Wazalelwa ngoSeptemba 4, 2004, uRumasia Rahman kunye noodadewabo bobubele bamaHuba bazalwa kwiiveki ezingama-25.6, ngaphezu kweveki ezingama-15 ngaphambi komhla. Ekuzalweni, iRumasia yayiyi-260 gram, okanye ii-ounces eziyi-8.6-ngobukhulu befowuni encinci.
Wayengu-9.8 intshi ende. Udade waseRumasia u-Hiba wayengaphezu kwesibini ubukhulu bayo, kwi-1 i-4 ii-ounces kunye neekhilomitha ezili-12 ubude.
I-Rumasia kunye namawele akhe athululwa kwangaphambili kuba umama wabo unobungozi obukhulu be- preeclampsia , enokubangela ukuba iintsana zibe ziincinci kuneyona minyaka yobudala beminyaka yobubele . Nangona wayemncinci kakhulu ekuzalweni, uRumasia wakhula waba ngumntwana oqhelekileyo esikolweni. Wayenomsebenzi wokuhlinzwa ngeso laser for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) kwaye ugqoke iziglasi, uncinci kunabanye abantwana bakhe ubudala, kwaye unemizila yokubambezeleka kweemoto, kodwa ayikho enye igalelo elide lokuzalwa kwakhe ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe.
Melinda Star Guido
Ngexesha lokuzalwa kwakhe ngo-Agasti 2011, uMelinda Star Guido waba yintsana encinane kunazo zonke e-US kwaye umntwana wesithathu omncinane wehlabathi ukusinda ixesha elide ukuhamba esibhedlele. UMelinda wazalwa kwiiveki ezingama-24 kuba umama wakhe wayenomngcipheko wegazi ophezulu. Walinganisa i-9 1/2 i-ounces ngokuzalwa.
Wasebenzisa i-oksijini eyongezelelweyo ekhaya ukuze aphathe i-bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), kwaye kufuneka enze utyando ukulungisa i-patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) kunye nokuhlinzwa ngeso laser ye-ROP. Ingqondo yakhe ayinayo nayiphi na igazi eliphuma kwi-intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), uphawu oluhle kwixesha elizayo. Waya ekhaya emva kweeveki ezili-16 esibhedlele, enesisindo esingama-4.5.
"Tom Thumb"
Mhlawumbi umntwana omncinci omncinane wehlabathi ngumntwana waseJamani obizwa ngokuba ngu "Tom Thumb" kuba abazali bakhe bakhetha ukugcina imfihlo yakhe. "Tom" wanikelwa ngoJuni 2009 kwiiveki ezingama-25. Walinganisa i-275 grams, i-ounces ngaphezu kwe-9/2. Unxibe iiglasi kwaye ufuna unyango lomzimba wakhe kunyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kodwa ngenye indlela kuye kwaxelwa ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo, encinci encinci.
Madeline Mann
Wazalelwa ngo-1989, uMadeline Mann wayengowesithandathu sehlabathi esincinane kunazo zonke, ozalelwa kwiiveki ezingama-26.6. Nangona walinganisa i-280 grams ekuzalweni (9.9 i-ounces), uMadeline ungumfazi osemncinci onobuhle oya kwiikholeji.
Nangona i-Madeline ingamamitha amane kuphela ubude obu-7 ubude, igqoke iziglasi, kwaye isifo se-asthma, ayikho enye ixesha elide lokuzalwa kwayo .
UKenna Moore
U-Kenna wazalwa ngoJanuwari 9, 2012, kwi-9.6 i-ounces-encinci kuneyona nto inokwenza isoda. Wazalelwa kwiiveki ezingama-24 eCharlotte, eNorth Carolina emva kokuba unina ahlupheke ngegazi eliphezulu. Wayephuma ekutyeni kwakhe kunye nethubhu ye-oksijini eneminyaka engama-3 kwaye uyintombazana enempilo, ekhulayo enembethe iiglasi.
Iintshaba zokuLutsha
Iintsana ezibhalwe apha ngasentla zizonke iziphumo eziphawulekayo, kwaye azibonisi ukulibaziseka okukhulu zophuhliso . Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezi ntsana, nangona zincinci kakhulu, zazalwa zonke kwiiveki ezingama-24 okanye emva koko. Ngaloo mfana osemncinci, yonke imihla echithwa ngaphakathi kumama ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye yancedisa la bantwana ukuba bavuthwe ngaphaya kobukhulu babo.
Iziphumo zeiprojekiti ze- micropreki azihlali zilungile. Isayensi yezogqirha iphucula lonke ixesha, kodwa iintsana ezizalwe kwiiveki ezingama-24 okanye ngaphambili zingengozini yeqela lexesha elide lokungcoliswa kwangaphambili. Kukho imimangaliso rhoqo, nangona kunjalo, njengoko kubonakaliswe yizithaba ezisemncinane zehlabathi eziphila. Iintsuku ezimbalwa zeeveki ze-gestation zenzeke, ziquka ezi zimbini:
UJames Elgin Gill
Ingxelo yezingane ezisemakhankasini yehlabathi ikwabelwana nguJames Elgin Gill, indoda yaseCanada ezalwe kwiiveki ezingama-21 kuphela ngo-1988. UYakobi wazalwa ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi wayekulindeleke ukuba afe ngexesha lokuzalwa okanye, ukuba wayephila, kunye nezifo ezinzima. UJames wayebetha zonke iingxaki, ukukhula okuba ngumntwana osempilweni wayeyaziwa ukuba uya ekholejini kwixesha eliqhelekileyo.
Amilia Taylor
Umntwana waseMerika u-Amilia Taylor wazalwa kwiiveki ezingama-6 ngo-Oktobha ka-2006. Ngenxa yokuba u-Amilia wayekhulelwe ngumbumba we-in vitro, ubudala bakhe bokuba nobubele bungabonakaliswa ngokuchanekileyo, akunakwenzeka kwiintsana ezininzi. Nangona wayedinga i-oksijini kwisibhedlele esibhedlele, yayinomdla, kwaye i-osteopenia yincinci, yinto eqhelekileyo, intombazana enempilo.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Amabali alezi zithako anokunika ithemba okanye induduzo ukuba unayo intsana yangaphambili okanye ulahlekelwe ngumntwana. Icandelo ngalinye liya kuhluka, kwaye unyango lwezonyango luhamba phambili ngonyaka.
> Imithombo:
> Bell E. Abantwana Abancinane kunazo zonke. IYunivesithi yase-Iowa yeZibhedlele sabantwana. https://webapps1.healthcare.uiowa.edu/tiniestbabies/index.aspx.
> Blencowe H, et al. Uqikelelo lweSizwe, lwengingqi, nolwasehlabathini lwezinga lokuzalwa kwangaphambi komnyaka ka-2010 kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo ukususela ngo-1990 kumazwe akhethiweyo: uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo kunye neziphumo. Lancet . 2012 Juni, 379, 9832, 2162-72.
> Ubuncwane JE, Davidge R, Paul VK, et al. Wazalelwa Ngokukhawuleza: Unakekele umntwana wokuqala. Impilo yokuzala . 2013; 10 (iSiza 1): S5. I-doi: 10.1186 / 1742-4755-10-S1-S5.
> Muraskas JK, Rau BJ, Castillo PR, Gianopoulos J, Boyd LAC. Ukulandelelwa kwexesha elide le-2 leNtsana kunye nesisindo sokuzalwa esingu-540 i-Gram. Pediatrics . 2011; 129 (1). i-doi: 10.1542 / iindlwana.2010-0039.