Ziziphi iiMathuba ami zokuba nomnye u-Preemie?
Ukuba nosana olungaphambi kwexesha luneengxaki ezininzi zomzimba kunye nemvakalelo, ngoko kuyinto engokwemvelo - ukuba ucinga ukuba nomnye umntwana-ukuba uzibuze (mhlawumbi ukhathazeke) ngomngcipheko wakho wokuzalwa kwangaphambili.
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambili kwangaphambili yinto ebalulekileyo yemingcipheko yokufumana enye intsana . Umngcipheko ukhuphuka xa oomama bebele ngaphezu kokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, kwaye behla xa oomama benokukhulelwa kwexesha emva kokuzalwa kokuqala.
Umama we-preemie unokufumana ithuba lokuba nelinye i-15%; umama oye waba neengqungquthela zombini unamava angama-40% okuba nomnye, kwaye umama oye waba neentshaba zintathu unamava angama-70% okuba nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezi manani zixhamla kuphela kumama abeneenkonzo zokuhanjiswa kwangaphambili . Oomama ababenokubangela ukuba baqalise ukukhangela okanye bazalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo abazange bafakwe kwizifundo.
Kakade ke, ngelixa kukulungele ukuba wazi izinto eziyinyani, awukwazi ukulenga isigqibo sakho sokuba nomnye umntwana kwiedatha ezisemthethweni. Ukwenza oko unako ukunciphisa umngcipheko yinto ofuna ukugxila kuyo.
Oko Unokukwenza Ukukhusela Ukuzalwa Kwangaphambi Kokuqala
Nangona umngcipheko wesinye i-preemie ibalulekile, ukuba ne-preemie eyodwa ayithethi ukuba uya kuba nelinye. Uninzi lwezinto ezinobungozi zingancitshiswa okanye zipheliswe ngaphambi kokuba unqume ukuzama kwakhona.
Nangona kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuphawula ukuba oomama abaye babonisa ngokugqithisileyo ukuzala kubangelwa ingozi yokuzalelwa kwangaphambili kwangaphambili - ngenxa yeengxaki ezifanayo zonyango ezakhokelela ekuhambisweni kokuqala kwangaphambili. Olunye uphando ukususela ngo-2006 lufumene iimeko zokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka koomama abanomlando wezonyango zangaphambili babonisa ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambili kwezihlandlo zi-2.5 ziphakamileyo kunezo zazingakaze zibe nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha ngokuchasene namaxesha angama-3.6 amaninzi kulabo abanembali ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambili kwangaphambili kokuqhathaniswa neqela elingenalo nembali yokuhanjiswa kwangaphambili.
- Lindela ukukhulelwa: Ukuba unayo i-preemie, iingcali zincoma ukulinda okungenani iinyanga ezili-18 ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa kwakhona. Umngcipheko wokuba ne-preemie yesibini iphakamileyo xa ukukhulelwa kusondelene kunye, kwaye kuncinci xa bekude.
- Yeka ukubhema: Ukubhema ugwayi kwandisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ukuyeka ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe ngenye yezindlela ezilungileyo zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba uzalwe ngaphambi kokuzalwa.
- Ukunyanga ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane: Ukuvutha kunye nokusuleleka kuthatha inxaxheba ekuzalweni kwangaphambi kokuzalwa. Ulwalamano oluchanekileyo alucacile, kodwa iingcali ziyavuma ukuba nayiphi na intsholongwane ye-bacterial ngexesha lokukhulelwa kufuneka iphathwe kusasa. Ama-Antibiotiksi kwizifo ezingekho izibonakalisi, nangona kunjalo, azikhuthazwa.
- Gwema ukutya kwe-yo-yo: Abasetyhini abalahlekelwa ubunzima obukhulu phakathi kokukhulelwa banomngcipheko omkhulu wokuzalwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa kwesibili. Abasetyhini abanesigxina somzimba ongaphantsi kwe-19.8 kg / m 2 nabo basengozini ephezulu yokuhanjiswa kwangaphambili, ngoko gcina isisindo esifanelekileyo.
- Ukulawula ezinye iimeko zempilo: Isifo sikashukela , uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo senhliziyo, nesifo sesifo sonke sandisa ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ulawulo olungcono kwezi meko lunokunciphisa umngcipheko.
Ugqirha
Ngelishwa, inzululwazi yonyango ayifumananga indlela eqinisekileyo yokukhusela i-100% yokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa. Kule minyaka embalwa edluleyo, nangona kunjalo, uphando oluninzi lwenziwe malunga nendlela yokufumana, ukuthintela, nokuyeka ukusebenza kwabasebenzi bokuqala , kunye nezinye iziphumo eziqinisekisayo eziye zabikwa.
- Ukufumanisa: Ukufumanisa kwangoku kuncedise amandla oogqirha ukuba axelele ukuba umfazi usemngciphekweni wokusondeza kwangaphambili. I-ultrasound yomlomo wesibeleko inempumelelo enkulu ekufumaneni iimpawu zokuqala zabasebenzi bokuqala, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kwangaphambili kwiiveki ezingama-16. Olunye uphando lwegazi lomama kunye nezifihla zangasese linokukunceda ukuqikelela ingozi ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuthintela ngeprogesterone: Iimpawu zeveki ze-hormone progesterone zinokukunceda ukuthintela ukuzalwa kwangaphambi koomama abanokuzalwa kwangaphambili. Izigulane zivame ukuqala phakathi kweveki ye-16 neye-20 yokukhulelwa, kwaye iqhubeke ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-37.
- Ukuthintela nge-cerclage: I- cerclage , okanye isitshixo kwisibeleko somlomo, sele isetyenziswe iminyaka emininzi ukukhusela ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha labasetyhini abaye bafumana ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambili. Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-cerclage inokuba luncedo, kwaye uphando olongezelelweyo luyaqhubeka.
- Ukuthintela ukuphumla nokulala ngamachiza: Nangona oogqirha baqhele ukubeka ukuphumla nokulala namachiza kubasetyhini abonisa iimpawu zokuqeshwa kwangaphambili, uphando alukafumananga ukuba nantoni na inokuthintela ukukhusela ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Uphando olongezelelweyo luyaqhubeka.
Ukwazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kunye nendlela oogqirha abanokuyithintela ngayo okanye ukuyeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunokukwenza ukhethe ukukhulelwa kwakhona lula.
Imithombo:
I-Ananth CV, iGetahun D, et al. Ukuphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza ngokuchasene nokuzalwa kokuzalwa kwangaphambili. IJ Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Sep; 193 (3): 643-650
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. "Iimpawu zeCDC: Ukuzalwa kwangaphambili." http://www.cdc.gov/Features/PrematureBirth
I-Esplin, MD, uMichael S., u-O'Brien, i-Ph.D., u-Elizabeth, uFraser, i-MPH, u-Alison, i-Kerber, i-PhD, uRichard A., i-Clark, i-MD, u-Erin, i-Simonsen, i-RN, i-MSPH, uSara Ellis, i-Holmgren, i- , Calla, Mineau, PhD, uGeraldine P., Varner, MD, uMichael. "Ukuphindaphinda ukuphindaphinda kokuThuthukiswa kokuQala kwangaphambili." I-Obstetrics ne-Gynecology Sept 2008 112: 516-523.
IMedialine Plus Medical Encyclopedia. "Umntwana osengaphambili." http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001562.htm
Spong, MD, uCatherine Y. "Ukuqulunqiswa nokuKhuselwa koBudala bokuzalwa kwangaphambili." I-Obstetrics ne-Gynecology Agasti 2007 110: 405-415.