Ukuzalwa kwangaphambili kwemiSebenzi kunye neMideni eyimfuneko yokuzalwa kwasekuqaleni
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa kunokuzalwa komntwana ngaphambi kweveki ezingama-37 zesisu. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokudibanisa ukudala ukuzalwa kwasekuqaleni, kwaye akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuthetha okokubangela ukuba ukhulelwe ekupheleni.
Izizathu zokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa zingahlula kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili: xa kubakho ukwenzeka komsebenzi, xa amanzi ephuka kusasa, kwaye xa oogqirha banquma ukuba ukukhusela umntwana kuyimfuneko yempilo.
Iindidi ezimbini zokuqala zifana kwaye zidibaniswa kwaye zibizwa ngokuthi "ukuzala kwangaphambili." Jonga ngokukhawuleza kwiindidi, ngezantsi.
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba liqala nini, abasebenzi basebunzima kwaye banokungaqondakali. Ngokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, abasebenzi baqala kwangaphambili kwaye oogqirha abanako ukuyeka inkqubo yomsebenzi. Ukusebenza kwangaphambili kwemisebenzi kubangele i-sibini kwisithathu kubo bonke abantwana bokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa.
Ngokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, abasebenzi bangabakho ngokuqhekeka komsebenzi okanye ukuphulwa kwamanzi ngamama. Ukuba amanzi amama aphuluka phambi kweiveki ezingama-37, kuthiwa ukuphulukana kwangaphambili kweembrane, okanye i- PPROM ngokufutshane.
Ngelishwa, oogqirha badla ngokungazi nto leyo eyabangela ukuba umama angene emsebenzini wokuqala okanye abe ne-PPROM. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iingozi ezahlukahlukeneyo. Oogqirha bayazi ukuba ezi ngozi zilandelayo zandisa kakhulu amathuba omama we-PPROM okanye abasebenzi abasesekuqaleni:
- Usuleleko: Olunye uhlobo lweentsholongwane lukhona kwiimeko ezininzi zokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa. Naluphina uhlobo lokuvuvukala kwenkqubo okanye intsholongwane kunokubangela ukuba umama abe nosana lwakhe kusenokwenzeka, kuquka ukusulelwa emlonyeni (njengesifo sesigama), isondo, isisu kunye neentso.
- Ingxaki yomlomo wesibeleko : Isibeleko somlomo wesibeleko okanye umlomo wesibeleko omfutshane ukwandisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa kwangaphambili, ngakumbi ukuba umama unempawu zomsebenzi.
- Ukubhema: Naluphi na uhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwecuba landisa umngcipheko kamama we-PPROM kunye nomsebenzi wokuqala. I-Nicotine ibangela imithwalo yegazi kwisibeletho ukuba iyanqande, enokuthintela izondlo kunye ne-oksijini ukuba ingene kumntwana okanye ifake isandla ekusebenzeni kwangaphambili.
- Ukuxinezeleka: Ingxaki engapheliyo, ephakamileyo yengqondo ingabangela ukuba abasebenzi baqale ekuqaleni.
- Ixesha elifutshane phakathi kokukhulelwa: Umngcipheko wokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka unesihlandlo esibini ngaphezu kokuqhelekileyo ukuba ukukhulelwa kungaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu.
- Ukuthatha amawele, ama-triplets, kunye nokunye: Ukukhulelwa ngaphezu kweyodwa umntwana kubangela ukuba isibeletho singabi nantoni, esenza ukuba abasebenzi baqale ekuqaleni. Ingakumbi iintsana ozithwalayo, ziphakamisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ngumsebenzi wokuqala.
- I-Genetics: Umngcipheko wokunikezela kwangaphambili uphezulu xa umama okanye udade wakho eqala ukusebenza, okanye ukuba unayo umntwana wangaphambili . Oogqirha abaqinisekanga ukuba kutheni, kodwa ukuba ngumnyama kumanda amathuba omfazi wokuzalwa kwasekuqaleni.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi oogqirha abazizama ukukhusela ukuqala kwabasebenzi kwimama engozi. Ukuba usengozini yokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, uya kulandelwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngugqirha wakho kwaye ungadinga ukubona oyingcali osebenza ngokukhulelwa okuphezulu.
Ukuzalwa Kwangaphambi Kokuzalwa
Kwabaninzi abasetyhini, ukukhulelwa kubangela ukungahambi kakuhle.
Kwamanye amabhinqa, nangona kunjalo, ukukhulelwa kubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zempilo ezingasongela ubomi bomama kunye nosana. Kule meko, oogqirha banokugqiba isigqibo sokusindisa umntwana kusenokwenzeka-nangona umama engabasebenzi. Ezinye zezizathu zonyango eziqhelekileyo zokuba kutheni umntwana azalwe kusenokwenzeka kubandakanya:
- I-Preeclampsia: I- Preeclampsia yimeko esongela ubomi ebangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye neprotheyini emcini. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubangela ukuxhwala okanye ukubulala. Amayeza anokunceda, kodwa ukuhanjiswa komntwana kukuphela kwonyango lwe-preeclampsia.
- Ukukhula kakubi kokukhulelwa komntwana: Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba umntwana engakhuli kakuhle ngaphakathi kumama. Iingxaki nge-placenta, izifo ezithile, ukuhlukunyezwa kwamawele, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemfuyo kwintsana zonke kunokubangela umntwana ukuba abe nomngcipheko wokukhula kwe-intrauterine ( IUGR ). Kwezinye iimeko, umntwana unokufuna ukuhanjelwa kwangaphambili.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwePlacental: Kwimeko ethile yokukhulelwa, i-placenta iqala ukwahlula kwi-uterus ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe. Ebizwa ngokuba yi- placental disruption , oku kungabangela ukulahleka kwegazi ngokugqithiseleyo kumama kunye nosana kwaye kungabulala. Ukunikezelwa kwangxamisekileyo kwengane kuyimfuneko.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-Fetal: Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana usenkingeni ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingenakwaziwa. Iingxaki ngentambo, iingxaki zokuhamba kwegazi, kunye nesifo sesibindi sokubeleka zizinto ezimbalwa ezibangela uxinzelelo lwentsana .
Abanye baye babonisa ukubeleka kwangaphambi kokuzalwa kwexesha lokukhawuleza apho isigqibo sokusindisa kufuneka senziwe ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye zibangelwa ziziganeko ezingapheliyo apho oogqirha babheka umama kunye nosana ngokukhawuleza kwixesha lokuthatha isigqibo xa ixesha elifanelekileyo liza kuzisa umntwana.
Okukwintsusa
Ngokulandela amagosa akho ugqirha kwaye usebenza nodokotela ogqibeleleyo kunye naye othembekileyo, uyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba wenza okulungileyo kuwe nakwintsana yakho.
> Imithombo:
> Goldenberg, R., Culhane, J., Iams, J., noRomero, R. "I-epidemiology kunye nezimbangela zokuzalwa kwangaphambili." Lancet . Jan. 2008; 371, 74-83.
> Voltolini, C. et al. "Ukuqonda ukuzalwa kokuzalwa kwangaphambili: Kususela phantsi kweendlela zokungenelela nokukhusela." IiNzululwazi zokuzala ngoMashi 2013.