Ngokusemthethweni-kwaye Njalo Sehlukile
Amamawele angamazwi afana ngokufanayo-okanye ngaba? Emva koko, bahlala befana ngesondo esifanayo, bajonga ngokufanayo, bahlala begqoka enye (okanye ubuncinci oomama bawagcoba ngokufanayo xa bancinci), kwaye bathambekele ukwabelana ngeendlela ezithile kunye nezinye izinto.
Imibuzo ehlala ibuzwa malunga namawele afanayo, "Ngaba banayo i-DNA efanayo?" Funda ekufundeni impendulo, kwaye kutheni kubalulekile.
Ngaba amawele adibeneyo ayenziwe
Igama lezonyango zamamawele afana namawele e- monozygotic . I-Mono ithetha enye kunye ne-zygote ithetha iseli esakhiwe yiqanda kunye newele zenzulane-ezifanayo xa zenziwe xa i-zygote enye ihlula zibe zibini. Njengoko ezi zimbini zihamba ukuya kwisibeleko, ziyaqhubeka zahlula kwaye zikhule. Izazinzulu azi ukuba yintoni eyenza i-zygote enye ihlukanise yaba ngabini. Ngokomsebenzi kuthathwa njengento engasebenzi kakuhle kwinkqubo yophuhliso oluqhelekileyo.
Izidalwa ezimbini ezihlukeneyo ezidalwe ngale ndlela ziba ne-DNA efanayo, emele i-deoxyribonucleic acid. I-DNA yenziwe ngama-chromosomes equlethwe ngolwazi lwezofuzo oluchaza yonke into ngathi-ukusuka kumbala wezinwele zethu kunye namehlo ethu kumgangatho wethu wezemidlalo kunye neempawu zobuntu.
Nangona amawele afanayo afana ne-DNA efanayo, ayenjalo ngokufanayo. Imiba engqongileyo inokuchaphazela ukubonakala komntu, umzekelo, kunye neziganeko ze-epigenetic zenza umehluko njengamawele eminyaka.
I-epigenome ichaza utshintsho lweekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwe-DNA njengeminyaka yobudala. Ezi zinto zichaza ukuba kutheni amawele afanayo ahluke , nokuba ngaba kubukeka, isimo sengqondo okanye ubuntu.
Ngokufanayo okanye ngabazalwana?
Iingxaki zokuba namawele afanayo zi malunga ne-3 kwi-1000 kwaye malunga neyesithathu yazo zonke iwele zi-monozygotic.
Uninzi lweamawele luyi-dizygotic , luveliswa xa amaqanda ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo azaliswa ngamabini amabini ahlukeneyo. Enye indlela yokufumanisa ukuba iimbini zeesini ezifanayo zifana okanye zifana (amawele ahlukeneyo ngokwesini zihlala zihlala kunye), kukuhlolwa kwe-DNA.
Isampuli ye-DNA ifumaneka ngokutshitshisa ngaphakathi kweesitini ngasinye, ngoko iisampuli zithunyelwa kwinkonzo leyo, ngokuqhelekileyo yokuhlawula, iya kuhlalutya iphinde ithelekise i-DNA kumntu ngamnye. Uvavanyo lweDNA oluqhelekileyo olwenziwa kumawele e-monozygotic luya kubuyisa iziphumo nge-99.99 yepesenti efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-DNA evela kwiiwele ezingaqhelekanga (i-fraternal okanye i-dizygotic) iya kuba malunga nama-50 ukuya kuma-75 ekhulwini afanayo. Kwamawele amaninzi okanye iintsapho ngamawele, yodwa indlela yokukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ingafani okanye i-fraternal i-DNA testing.
Ukuyeka Ukubulala?
Ngenxa yokuba amawele afanayo ane-DNA efanayo, akunakukwazi ukuhlula phakathi kwaba bantu xa kuhlaziywa i-DNA yokuvavanya oomzali okanye ubungqina boluphulo-mthetho. Imfihlelo yamaninzi amaninzi, i-soph operas kunye neidrama zobugebengu ziye zasebenzisa le nkcazelo njengengcambu yomgca. Ngona kaninzi kangakanani umbandela ebomini bokwenene, nangona kunjalo? Ngaba amawele afanayo angakhupha ubugebengu obufezekileyo?
Kwenzekile. Ngomhla kaJanuwari 2009, kwakunokukrokra iisafa ezifanayo kwi-Jeist ye heist jeist. Amasela amathathu angena kwivenkile yesebe yezinto eziphathekayo ngokushenxisa iindophi eziphuma kwiindawo ezikhanyayo kwaye aphunyuke ngezinto zokugqoka ezixabisa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6 zamaRandi. Abaphandi bakwazi ukukhangela isampula se-DNA kwi-drop drop of sweat efunyenwe kwisigidifu se-latex esilahlayo kwaye yabona ababini abasolwayo, amawele afana noHassan no-Abbas O. (Umthetho waseJamani awuvumeli ukuba amagama apheleleyo avelwe.) Bobabini Amadoda abanjwe kwaye ahlawuliswa kodwa ekugqibeleni akhululwa xa kwakungenakwenzeka ukuchonga ukuba ngubani oye wabandakanyeka kulwaphulo-mthetho.
Ngeli xesha, iteknoloji ayikho ukuhlaziya i-DNA kwinqanaba elifunekayo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweesampuli ezinamawele afanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ithemba ukuba ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA kuya kuguqulwa kwinqanaba apho liyakwazi ukubona utshintsho lwe-epigenetic olukhohlisayo olukhoyo kumawele. Akunakuphela kuphela ukuba luncedo kubasosayensi bembono, kodwa kuya kunceda ekufumaneni iziganeko zofuzo ezihambisana nomhlaza kunye nezinye izifo.
Kuyathakazelisa, indlela yokudala uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho ingasetyenziswa ekucaleni phakathi kwamawele. Ubungqina benkcazelo yeminwe lunokukunceda "ukuphawula ngomunwe" kubaphuli-mthetho, nokuba ngaba awele amawele. Kungenxa yokuba amawele afanayo aneempawu zodwa zeminwe.