Uvavanyo ngokubhekiselele ekuchazeni nasekujonganeni nephutha lomntu
Uninzi lwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo baya kuba ne- ultrasound eyodwa scan xa ekhulelwe. Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, i-OB / GYN iya kulandelela enye phakathi kwekota yesibini, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweiveki 16 kuya ku-20, ukujonga imilinganiselo yomntwana kunye neskrini kwaneengxaki.
Nangona i-teknoloji ye-ultrasound yanamhlanje ingathembeki, i-scan ebonisa ukuba uphawu olucacileyo alukhothi ukuba yonke into ilungile.
Ngokufanayo, i-scan ephakamisa iiflegi ebomvu ingaba yi-alamu yamanga.
Njengazo zonke iimvavanyo zengqondo, iziphumo ze-ultrasound zingaphantsi kokuchazwa kwaye zithinteka kwiphutha lomntu. Naluphina ukuhlaziywa okungahambi kakubi njengoko kunokubangela uxinzelelo olubi kakhulu kubazali baze baveze umntwana kunye nokukhulelwa kungenelelo olungadingekile.
Ukuchaneka ekufumaneni iinjongo zokuzalwa
Iintsilelo zesibongozo, zombini ezinkulu kunye ezincinci, zenzeka malunga neepesenti ezintathu zezo zonke iintlobo zokuzalwa. Kule ndawo, malunga nantathu kwi-ezine iya kubonwa yi-ultrasound. Ukuchaneka kwezi mvavanyo, nangona kunjalo, kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo kwinqanaba kunye nohlobo lokukhulelwa olubandakanyekayo.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, i-second-trimester ultrasounds inokuthi ichaneke ngakumbi ekufumaneni ukungabikho komntwana okwedlula okwenziwe ngexesha lekota yokuqala. Xa kuthethwa oko, i-first-trimester ultrasounds inokuthi ibonelele ngolwazi olubanzi malunga nenkqubo yokukhulelwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwee-2016 zezifundo ezenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseOxford kunye neYunivesithi yaseParis Descartes zagqiba ukuba i-ultrasound yakudala yayingakwazi ukufumanisa imiphumo ye-fetal engama-30 ekhulwini ekukhuseleni okuphantsi koomngcipheko kunye ne-60 ekhulwini yokukhulelwa kakhudlwana. Nangona uhlolo olusondeleyo lungabangela i-akhawunti, ngokwengxenye, ngamazinga aphakamileyo kweli qela lokugqibela, iintlobo zeziphene nazo zaziba zinzulu kakhulu okanye zibandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi zomzimba.
Ngelo xesha, ezinye iziphoso zilula ukuzibona kunabanye. Ngokomzekelo, uphando olwenziwa ngamaninzi oluququzelelwe yiSikolo seYunivesithi yaseWashington yaseSt. Louis lubonise ukuba izinga lokubona okulungileyo kwezi ziphoso zilandelayo:
- Ubunzima obuhlangeneyo kunye nokukhubazeka (arthrogryposis): iipesenti ezingama-81.3
- Iimpazamo zangasemva zokuhlala: iipesenti ezingama-76
- Iziphene zesandla: ama-76 ekhulwini
- Iminwe eyongezelelweyo (i-polydactyly): i-19.1 yeepesenti
Nangona kubekho umgudu omkhulu owenzelwe ukuphucula ukucaca ukucamngca kwama-ultrasounds, iinkcukacha ezigqwesileyo zingasalahleka. Ukuba ibhinqa likhulu okanye likhulelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukucaca kwe-ultrasound kungaphinda kwinciphise.
Nangona i-ultrasound ibonisa ukuba akukho zibonakaliso zenkathazo ngokuqinisekileyo yinto entle, akuyiyo into eqinisekileyo ukuba umntwana wakho uza kuzalwa engenakho ukukhathazeka kwezempilo. Ekugqibeleni, ubuchule bokusebenza kwezobuchule budlala indima enkulu ekuchanekeni kwe-ultrasound. Ukuba ungathandabuzeki malunga nekhono lochwepheshe, unganqikazi ukucela i-OB / GYN okanye i- perinatologist yeengcali ukuba ibe khona ngexesha loviwo.
Ukuxilongwa Okukhohlakeleyo Okungalungi Kweempawu Zokuzalwa
Kwi-flip side, i-ultrasounds ayinakuphulukiswa xa kufikelelwe ekufumaneni ukuxilongwa okulungileyo kwesiphene sokuzalwa. Kwezinye iimeko, iziphumo zengcamango zingabonakali (zingabonakali) okanye zingabi nantoni na.
Olunye uhlolisiso lwesiFrentshi olwenziwa ngo-2014 luxelele ukuba i-8.8 pesenti yeziphoso zomntwana ezithatyathwa yi-ultrasound zazingekho ngokupheleleyo (ezichanekileyo) kwaye i-9.2 ekhulwini yayingenakucatshulwa. Le nqanaba iboniswe kwezinye iifundo kunye neengxelo zokuba kutheni i-ultrasounds ayisetyenziswanga yodwa xa ixilongwa.
(Ngaloo nto kuthiwa, iinjongo ezimbi zazingekho nakakhulu ukuba zifumaniswe ngokungafanelekanga xa zithelekiswa nabancinci.)
Kwezinye iimeko, i-ultrasound inokuphakamisa ukuxhalabisa ngengxaki kodwa inganikeli ngolwazi olwaneleyo ukwenzela ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo. Omnye umzekelo xa i- Down syndrome ikhunjulwa.
Ukuba uvavanyo lwezonyango lubonisa i-defect, i- amniocentesis yesibini inokuthi iqinisekise i-chromosomal anomaly enezinga elichanekileyo lokuchaneka.
> Imithombo:
> Debost-Legrand, A .; ULaurichesse-Delmas, H .; Francannet, C. et al. "Ukuxilongwa kwamangqina okuziphatha okukhohlakeleyo kwi-scan scan: ingxaki engundoqo okanye yangempela, isifundo seqela esisekelwe kubantu." Ukukhulelwa kweBMC kunye nokubeletha. 2014; 14: 112. INGXELO: 10.1186 / 1471-2393-14-112.
> Dicke, J .; Piper, S .; kunye neGoldfarb, C. "Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ultrasound ukufumana ukungaqhelekanga kwesitho somntwana-iminyaka engama-20 amava angama-single." Ukufumana iDiagnist . 2015; 35 (4): 348-53. INGXELO: 10.1002 / pd.4546.
> Karim, J .; Roberts, N .; USolomon, uL. et al. "Ukuphononongwa ngokuHlanganisiweyo kweSillyter Ultrasound Screening ekufumaneni i-Analalies Structures and Structures affecting the Screening Performance". Ultra Obstet Gyn . 2016; 50 (4): 429-41. INGXELO: 10.1002 / uog.17246.