Iminyaka embalwa nje emfutshane edlulileyo, isifo sengculaza seZika senza iintloko kuzo zonke ihlabathi. UZika uyisongelo kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye neentsana kwiindawo ezininzi ezinokungcungcutheka kwimizinyo kulo lonke ihlabathi. Isantya sokuthi zingaphi iintsana zeZika ezithinteleyo kunzima ukuzimisela, njengoko kungenakuqinisekiswa neepesenti eziyi-100 ezithe zenze ukuba iingxaki ezinjenge-microcephaly.
Nangona kunjalo, i-World Health Organisation ithi "iyamkelwa ngokubanzi" ukuba le miqathango mibini idibene, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi zeintsana eziye zine-microcephaly, igciwane sele liqinisekisiwe, oogqirha abakhokelayo ukuba baqhubeke banxibelelanisa intsholongwane kunye neengxaki.
EBrazil, enye yeendawo eziye zambona inani eliphakamileyo lamatyala eZika, i-World Health Organisation (WHO) yabika ukuba ama-164 amacala e-microcephaly abikwa ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2001 no-2014. Amatyala angaboniswa ukuba abangelwa yiZika, amanani abonisa ukuba unxibelelwano olucacileyo. Kwaye yindawo enye ene-Zika. I-WHO nayo yafumanisa ukuba amazwe angama-33 ayenesifo sengculaza.
Nangona i-Zika ibonakala ithathe ixesha elifutshane, njengoko iZiko loLawulo lweZifo ziye zero zichaze iimeko zentsholongwane kude kube ngo-2018, oko akutshintshi ukuba intsholongwane sele isentshintshe iintsapho ezininzi kwihlabathi lonke.
Kwaye ngoku, njengoko loo ntsana echaphazelekayo kuqala yi-Zika virus ikhula, yintoni eyenzekayo kubo? Zika zithintela njani abancinci?
Yintoni i-Virus Zika?
Ngokutsho kweCDC, uZika wafunyanwa kuqala ngowe-1947. Kwafunyaniswa kwihlathi leZika, ngoko igama elithi "Zika virus". Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sengculaza kubantu ukususela ekufumaneni kwayo okokuqala.
Ukufika kokukhululeka kohambo lwehlabathi, ngokubambisana nenyaniso yokuba iZika inokudluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo kunye nangomama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, lunegalelo ekugqibeleni kwangoko, okwaqala ngo-2015.
I-virus yeZika injengezinye iindiza ezininzi, ngenxa yokuba ayikho imbandezelo enkulu kumntu omnye umntu onentsholongwane. Ngokomzekelo, kubantu abadala abanempilo, iZika incinane kakhulu; kunokubangela umkhuhlane omncinci okanye ukugqithisa, kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, ayinayo nayiphi na ingozi enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, intsholongwane ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo, intsholongwane yeZika ingakhokelela ekusulelekeni kwintsholongwane ebangela iziphene zokuzalwa, kubandakanya i-microcephaly, kunye nezinye iziphene zokuzalwa okanye ukukhulelwa komzimba kunye nokuzalwa komntwana. UZika uye wadibaniswa ne-Guillain-Barre syndrome, echaphazela inkqubo yesifo.
Indlela iZika echaphazela ngayo abantwana
Ukufunda ngo-Disemba 2017 ukusuka kwi-CDC ngokucacileyo ukuba isizukulwana sokuqala seentsana ezalwa ne-virus yeZika siphendulela emibini, singena kwiminyaka yobudala. Oogqirha balandela uphuhliso lwabo ngokubanzi ukuze bafunde kabanzi malunga nendlela iZika inokuchaphazela ngayo abantwana njengoko bekhula. Uhlolisiso lujonge ngokukodwa kwiintsana ezisuka eBrazil ezazisulelwe nguZika, njengeBrazil yenye yezona zizwe ezinzima kakhulu kwiintsholongwane kunye neengxaki ezibangelwa yiyo.
Kwisifundo esedlulileyo, oogqirha babeye bahlola abancinci abangama-19 abaye bafumana ubunzima be-microcephaly kusukela ekuzalweni kwaye bonke kamva babonakalisa iingxaki ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo yabo yophuhliso. Abantwana abaselula bavavanywa phakathi kweminyaka eyi-19 neye-24 kwaye bonke abantwana babe neengxaki ezinjengeenkathazo zokuthungatha, iingxaki zokubona nokuva, ukuphazamiseka kokulala kunye nokukhubazeka okukhulu kwemoto. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba bonke abantwana "babenomlinganiselo obunzima bokusebenza" kwaye ngoko bafuna ukunakekelwa okukhethekileyo kumzali, umnakekeli okanye isikhungo.
Uphando olongezelelweyo olubhekiselele kwimiphumo yeZika yenziwe yabizwa ngokuba yiZika iziPhumo noPhuhliso kwiintsana nezingane (ZODIAC) uphando.
Ucwaningo lweZODIAC lubonakalise ukuba ukufunyaniswa kwakuhambisana nabanye abantwana ababenalo iZika; ezinye iintsana zibonakalisa iimpawu ezifanayo zincinci kwiminyaka yazo, iingxaki ezinjengezoxinzelelo, ukuhanjelwa kwesibhedlele rhoqo, ubunzima bokulala, nokutya okuphazamisekileyo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwemiba. Uninzi lwabancinci lwaba neengxaki zentetho kunye neembono, kwaye akukho nanye kwabancinci abaye baphumelela uvavanyo olwenzelwe iinyanga ezinyangeni ezintandathu. Ngokubanzi, uphando luye lwaphawula ukuba oogqirha ngoku bayazi ngaphezu kwezinye zeengxaki ezibangelwa yiZika kubantwana kwaye oku kunokukunceda ukunyamekela ikusasa labo.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Nangona iziphumo zophando lwabancinci abaneZika zingenakubonakalisa iziphumo ezithembisayo, kubalulekile uphando oogqirha ukuba bazi kakuhle indlela intsholongwane inokusichaphazela ngayo abantwana abasulelekileyo. Iziphumo zinganceda oogqirha bazi ukuba luvavanyo luni lokuqala, ukungenelela, kunye nenkxaso kunokuba luncedo kubantwana besikhathi esizayo ezinokuba neengxaki ezivela kuZika.
Imithombo
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. (2017, Agasti 28). Uqwalaselo: I-virus yeZika. Ifunyenwe ukusuka: https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/overview.html
Satterfield-Nash A, Kotzky K, Allen J, et al. Impilo noPhuhliso kwi-Age 19-24 Iinyanga ezili-19 Abantwana abazalelwe nge-Microcephaly kunye neLebhuwari Ubufakazi bokubanjelwa kwe-Zika Virus Infection Ngonyaka ka-2015 kwi-Zika Virus Outbreak - eBrazil, ngo-2017. I-MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 66: 1347-1351. INDLELA: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6649a2.
Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. (2016, Feb 5). Ingxelo yeSimo seZika. Kufunyenwe kwi http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204348/1/zikasitrep_5Feb2016_eng.pdf?