Uphando lubonakalisa Akukho Isiqhagamshelo esicacileyo
Ukuba nomkhuhlane ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngakumbi kwi- trimester yokuqala , kunokubangela iingxaki kumntwana okhulayo. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi abasazi ukuba ingaba nomkhuhlane ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kunokusenokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu. Ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala zihlala ixesha elide, izikhuhlane eziphezulu ezicingelwa ukuba zibangele iingxaki.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwabantu kuqhelekileyo kwaye phakathi kwe-15 ne-20 ekhulwini nganye yokukhulelwa kubangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu .
Asinazi ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba uninzi lwabantu abalahlekelwa ngamathambo. Nangona kunjalo, izizathu ezibangelwa ukuphuphuma kwesisu ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- iimeko ezinqabileyo ze-uterine ezifana ne-fibroids
- ngxakini
- sulelo
- i-chromosome ebusweni engafanelekiyo
- isifo sikashukela esilawulekileyo
Ezinye zeemeko ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla zikhuselwe. Umzekelo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isifo sikashukela sinolawulo olufanelekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zeemeko zingentla zingaphandle kolawulo lwakho, ezifana ne-fibroids okanye i-chromosome yesisu.
Ingozi yeeNeural Tube Defects
Olunye uphando ludibanisa i-hyperthermia, okanye iqondo lokushisa lomzimba oluqhelekileyo, kumngcipheko wesiphako se-tube kunye nokukhulelwa komzimba. Olunye uvavanyo luka-2003 lubhekiselele ekusebenziseni iibhagi ezitshatileyo kwaye lufumene ubungqina obubuthathaka bombutho phakathi kwama-tubs ashushu kunye namathambo. Ngaphezu koko, oogqirha bahlale becebisa abafazi abakhulelweyo ukuba baphephe ukungena kwiibhafu zokutshisa ixesha elide lokuba babekho kwicala elikhuselekileyo.
Uphando olujongene ngqo neentsholongwane zomama sele lufumene ukuba imiphunga ibonakala iphakamisa umngcipheko weziphene ze-neural tube. (Iimpembelelo ezinobunzima be-neural, ezifana ne- anencephaly , zingabulala umntwana kwaye zibangele ukulahleka kokukhulelwa.) Imiphunga inokunyusa ingozi kwezinye iingxaki zentuthuko, njengeentsilelo zentliziyo.
Iziphumo zophando ziye zazingagqibekanga malunga nokuba isifo somkhuhlane sibangela ukukhulelwa kwesisu sokuqala; Ucwaningo olukhulu lwango-2002 kwiLancet alufumananga ubungqina bombutho, nangona uphando olwenziwa ngo-1985 lwabaphengululi beYunivesithi likaJohn Hopkins luchaphazele ukudibanisa phakathi komkhuhlane kunye nokukhulelwa komzimba.
Ngenxa yemingcipheko yokuphuhliswa kweengxaki, oogqirha bahlala becebisa abafazi abakhulelweyo ukuba bayabize xa befumana umkhuhlane ngaphezu kwama-degrees Fahrenheit. Khumbula ukubiza ugqirha wakho ukuba uhlala uxhala malunga nokugula okanye ezinye iimpawu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Imithombo:
UAnderson, u-Anne-Marie Nybo, uPernille Vastrup, uJohn Wohlfahrt, u-Per Kragh Anderson, uJorn Olsen kunye noMads Melbye. "Umkhuhlane ekukhulelwe kunye nomngcipheko wokufa komntwana: isifundo seqela. I-Lancet 2002.
Botto, LD, MC Lynberg, kunye noJD Erickson. "Ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo ebusweni, ukugula komama, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-multivitamin: Isifundo esisekelwe ngabantu." Epidemiology Sept 2001.
Amagumbi, uKhristina, uKathleen A. Johnson, uLyn M. Dick, uRobert J. Felix kunye noKenneth Lyons Jones. "Umkhuhlane womama kunye nesiphumo sokuzalwa: Ufuna ukufunda." Teratology 1999.
UKline, Jennie, uZena Stein, uMervyn Susser kunye noDorothy Warburton. "Umkhuhlane ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokukhupha isisu." I-American Journal of Epidemiology 1985.
Li, De-Kun, Teresa Janevic, Roxana Odouli, kunye noLiyan Liu. "I-Tub Tub Usetyenziso ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye neengozi yokutshatyalaliswa." I-American Journal of Epidemiology 2003.