Ixesha elidlulileyo nelizayo kwi-Vitro Fertilization

by URachel Gurevich

Iintsingiselo, iziqalo, iMbali, kunye nekamva le-"Teat Tube Baby "

Intsingiselo yangempela yegama elithi in vitro lithi "ngaphakathi kweglasi." Leli gama lesiLatini, elibhekiselele ngokubhekiselele kunoma yintoni na eyenzeka kwiziko lebhubhoratri. Oku kuchasene ne- vivo , oku kuthetha emzimbeni (okanye ngokoqobo, "ngaphakathi kokuphila").

I-vitro fertilization , eyaziwayo ngokugqithiseleyo njenge- IVF , incedisa iteknoloji yokuzala, apho ukuchumisa kwenzeka kwilebhu endaweni engaphakathi komzimba.

Ukususela ekubeni umntwana wokuqala we-IVF wazalelwa ngo-1978, in vitro fertilization inike ithemba kwizigidi zabantu abangenakukwazi ukukhulelwa umntwana nangayiphi indlela.

Namhlanje, i-IVF yinto eqhelekileyo- enoba iyindleko-yonyango.

Ukuqikelelwa kwezigidi ezingama-6.5 ze-IVF ezikhulelwe abantwana zizelwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphantsi kwe-5% yezigulane zokuzala zifuna ii-IVF. Ezi zibizwa ngokuthi "i-tube tube babies" zinempilo kwaye ziqhelekileyo njengabantwana abavame ukukhulelwa.

Kodwa akuzange kubekho ukudala ukuba i-IVF yayibuchwephesha obutsha bezobuchwepheshe, inokuphikisana kakhulu kwaye ingekho mthethweni.

Usebenza njani kwi-Vitro Fertilization?

Nantsi ingcaciso emfutshane kakhulu yento eyenzeka ngexesha le-IVF:

Eli bhinqa lithatha iziyobisi , ezikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwama- oocyte (okanye amaqanda) angaphezulu kwii-ovari. Oku kwenzeka kwiintsuku eziliqela.

Emva koko, amaqanda aqolileyo asuswa kwi-ovary (mhlawumbi evela kumama ojoliswe kuyo okanye ukusuka kumnikeli weqanda.

) Oku kwenziwa ngenaliti ekhokelwa yi-ultrasound.

Kwilebhu, iiqanda ezifunyenwe zidibene kunye nesidoda (ukusuka kwesoyihlo ehlosiweyo okanye kwi-sperm donor.)

Iqanda kunye nesidoda zihlanganiswa kwisitya se-petri, apho kuthemba ukuba i-cell cell izalisa i-egg cell. Inqamana yeqanda lomntu ekhulelweyo ibizwa ngokuba ngumbungu.

Umntwana okhulayo uqala ukuqhubeka iintsuku ezimbalwa kwilebhu. Oku kwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa kakuhle.

Okulandelayo, enye okanye ezimbini zeembrusi ezinempilo zihanjiswe kumama ohlosiweyo (okanye isisu). Nayiphi na i-embrasi eyongezelelweyo ikhutshwe kwiimjikelezo ezizayo.

Ngethemba, ukukhulelwa kuya kubangela. Izinga lokuphumelela kwe-IVF zilungile, kodwa ukukhulelwa akusisona isiqinisekiso.

Unokufumana inkcazo ecacileyo kwinkqubo ye-IVF yanamhlanje apha:

IVF Treatment Step by Step

Yintoni "I-Baby Tube yokuVavanya?"

"I-tube test baby" ligama ngamanye amaxesha elisetyenziswe ngaba media ukubhekisela kubantwana abakhulelwe nge- vitro fertilization (IVF) .

Naphezu kwegama, "i-tube test baby" ayiphuhliswa kwi-tube test. Iibhubhu zokuvavanya azikho inxalenye yenkqubo ye-IVF yanamhlanje.

Nge-IVF, iqanda lifakwe kwisitya se-petri. (Ayikho ityhubhu yokuvavanya.) Xa ibungu liphakathi kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ubudala, idluliselwa kwisibeleko.

Ukuze kucace, i-embryo ayiyi kuba ngumntwana ebhaleni. Le ngcamango yimihlaba yezesayensi. I-embryo idluliselwe kuyo iqoqo leeleli eziphilayo kunye ezikhulayo - kungekhona into enokuyicinga ngayo ngokuthi "umntwana".

I-tube ye-tube test yekota yayisetyenziswa okokuqala ngo-1930. Emva koko, yayisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwi -insemination yokufakelwa ingqalelo - kungekhona i-IVF.

Ukugqithiswa kokufakelwa komzimba xa i-semen ehlanjululwe ngokukhethekileyo idluliselwa kwisisu somfazi nge-cervix. Yinto yokukhulelwa - emzimbeni - kungekhona kwi-vitro , kwibhabyri, njenge-IVF.

Ukubhekisela kwangaphambili kwintetho ethi "baby tube tube" itholakala kwincwadi epapashwe ngo-1934 yiPanurge Press, ebhalwe nguDkt. Hermann Rohleder.

Incwadi enesihloko esithi " Test Tube Babies": Imbali ye-Impact of Artificial Impersonation of Human Beings , ichazwe ngokuthi, "kuquka i-akhawunti eneenkcukacha zeendlela zayo, kunye neenkcukacha zobuqu zonyango, ukuhlaziywa kweencwadi, kunye nemicimbi yezokwelapha kunye nemithetho echaphazelekayo . "

Le ncwadi imayelana nokusatshalaliswa kokufakelwa, kungekhona i-IVF. I-IVF yayingakabonakali.

Xa iqanda lokuqala lomntu lalinywa ngaphandle komzimba ngo-1944, umntwana we-tube test test waqala ukubhekisela kwiintsana ze-IVF.

ULouise Joy Brown, umntwana wokuqala we-IVF, usoloko ebizwa ngokuba yi "yokuqala ye-tube test" yengane. (Ngaphezulu malunga naye ngezantsi.)

Uninzi kwilizwe lokuzala licinga ukuba igama eliyihlazo nelingalunganga ngenxa yezinto ezingalunganga, ezenzelwe i-sci-fi umfanekiso.

Imbali kunye nokuphikisana kwe-Vitro Fertilization

Indlela eya kwimpatho ephumelelayo ye-IVF yayilinde kwaye izama.

Ngombulelo nokunyamezela koososayensi bokuqala kunye noogqirha, iteknoloji ye-in vitro fertilization iyatholakala namhlanje.

Ukuqala kwe-In vitro Fertilization yenza indawo kwiirbhi

Ngowe-1934, uDkt. Gregory Pincus waphumelela ngokucoca amaqanda ebomvu ebhodini. Akazange asebenzise umvundla wesilisa kwinkqubo.

Ngenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-parthenogenesis, wakwazi ukuthatha amaqanda kumanqabakazi abesifazana, unyanzelisa ukuchumisa amaqanda ngokusebenzisa iindlela zeekhemikhali, uze uthumele amaqanda azaliswe ngokutsha kumqolo wesisu wobuncwane.

Umsebenzi wakhe wabangela ukuphikisana okukhulu kunye nokukhathazeka. Uvavanyo kunye nolwazi olubi lwamshukumisela ukuba alahlekelwe ngumsebenzi wakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard.

Kodwa akubona wonke umntu obona umsebenzi kaDkt. Pincus njengomsebenzi ongeyonto. Abanye babona ithemba kunye nesithembiso.

Kwi-Vitro Fertilization ilingwa ngamaqanda abantu

Ngowe-1937, uDkt. John Rock wathumela umhleli ongabhalwanga kwiNew England Journal of Medicine enesihloko esithi "Yiyiphi inkolelo yamabhinqa angenazintumba ezivaliweyo," ekudumiseni ubuchule be-in vitro fertilization kubantu.

Ngowe-1938, uDkt Rock waqesha uDkt. Pincus owayengumchwebisi - uMiriam Menkin.

U-Miriam Menkin noDkt. Pincus basebenzisa iminyaka emithandathu ezayo bezama ukunyanzelisa i-vitro yoluntu.

Ngethuba lophando lwabo, baqokelela i-ova yabantu abayi-800 baza bazama ukuquba 138.

Ekugqibeleni, entwasahlobo ka-1944, uPincus noMenkin banquma ukwandisa inani lexesha leqanda kunye nesidoda babehlangene kwisitya se-petri.

Ekugqibeleni banako ukuzalisa ngempumelelo amaqanda amane. Abazange bazame ukudlulisa iiqanda ezichumayo kwisisu somfazi.

Impikiswano kunye noPhando loPhando olongezelelweyo malunga nokuPhuhliswa kweeNyama zabantu

Ngomnyaka we-1949, uPapa uDius XII wagxotha umgquba ngaphandle komzimba.

Kodwa oku akuzange kumise inkqubela phambili.

Ngama-1951, uDkt. Landrum Shettles uzame ukuphendula uDkt Pincus 'ukutyalwa kwamaqanda abantu ebhodini. Waphumelela.

UDkt. Shettles naye wakwazi ukugcina iqanda elikhulayo liphila kwaye likhula kuze kube semini yesithandathu. (Usuku lwesithandathu xa i-embryo yayiza kuzinza ngokwayo kwi-uterine bining.)

Waya kupapasha i- Ovum Humanum , incwadi eneemifanekiso engaphezu kwe-1 000 yeqanda lomntu kwiinqanaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso.

UDkt. Robert Edwards 'Uqala i-IVF Research

Okwangoku, eNgilani, uDkt. Robert Edwards wayezama ukunyanzelisa i-vitro fertilization kunye namaqanda amaqanda. Wayephumelele kwaye wayefuna ukwenza okufanayo kunye namaqanda abantu. Wazama iminyaka kodwa wayengenanhlanhla.

Ngowe-1965, uDkt Edwards waya eMelika, apho wadibana noDkt. Howard noGeorgeanna Jones kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins.

UDkt. Howard Jones wayengumgqirha ozalisayo , uphatha unyango. Umfazi wakhe, uDkt. Georgeanna Jones, wayeyi-endocrinologist yokuzala. Wayephatha ukungabikho komntwana ngeendlela ezingekho zocwangco.

UDkt Edwards utshele uYohn malunga nethemba lakhe lokufumanisa indlela ye- in vitro yobundlobongela kwizibini ezingenakukwazi ukucinga.

UJonas 'wavuma ukumnceda, kunye kunye, baphumelela ngokuchumisa i-ovum yabantu.

Okuphikisana ngakumbi, Elandelwa Ngakumbi Inkqubela

Emva kokubuyela eNgilani, uDkt. Edwards wayefuna ukuzama ukuhambisa iqanda elityalwe ngumhlaza kwisisu somfazi.

Yilapho uDkt Edward edibana noPatrick Patrick Steptoe.

UDkt. Steptoe waqulunqa inkqubo entsha yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuba yi- laparoscopy . Le yindlela yokucoca apho kukho ukukhangela okuncinci kwisisu, kwaye ikhamera kunye nezixhobo zifakwa ngolu hlobo.

Ngokusebenzisa i-laparoscopy, iqanda lomntu elivuthiweyo liyakuthi lifunyenwe kwii-ovaries zowesifazane. Oku kuya kuba yinto engaphantsi kakhulu kunenye indlela yokuhlinzwa ngexesha.

UDkt. Jones watshela uDkt Steptoe ngephupha lakhe le-IVF. Bathetha ukusebenza kunye.

Emuva ngaphesheya kolwandle, eMelika, i-American Medical Association yayithetha nge-IVF. Bafuna ukuba uphando olubandakanya "izicubu zomntwana zesisu" kufuneka luyeke.

I-American Fertility Society yacinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Emva koko iholwa nguDkt. Georgeanna Jones, i-AFS yathi uphando olwenziwe kwi-vitro fertilization luqhubeke .

Yaye yenza. Kodwa ngokuqhubeka nokuphikisana kunye nomngcipheko oogqirha ababandakanyekayo.

Ukuzama kokuqala kwi-IVF Treatment Kuphazamiseka

UDkt. Shettles wahlala ezimisele ukuzisa ehlabathini yokuqala ye-vitro ekhulelwe ngumntwana. UDoris noDkt John Del-zio bazinikela ngokuzithandela ukuba babe ngabazali bokuqala be-IVF ngoncedo lukaDkt Shettles.

UDoris noDkt. John Del-zio bathatyelwa iminyaka engamahlanu. I-cyst ye-ovarian ephuhliweyo yayikhokelela ekutheni i-tublopian tubes ivalwe kwiDoris. Wayezame ezintathu ukulungiswa kocwangco lwee-tubes zakhe kunye nemizamo emithathu yokuchithwa kwezinto. Akukho nanye kwonyango eyaphumelela.

UDkt Shettles uthe i-IVF ingaba yimpendulo enokwenzeka kwaye icela ukunceda.

Nangona kunjalo, iyunivesithi kaDkt. Shettles yayingaboni izicwangciso zakhe. Enyanisweni, wayeya kulwa nomyalelo othe ngqo wabaphathi bakhe. Wakhetha nokunyaniseka izikhokelo zomgaqo-nkqubo zophando kubantu.

NgoSeptemba 12 ^th , 1973, uDkt. Shettles wathabatha amaqanda aseDoris, isidoda esivela kuYohane, kwaye wawabeka ndawonye kwi-glass flap.

Emva koko, wabeka i-vial kwi-incubator, apho wayeceba ukuyigcina iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuze avumele ukukhulelwa nokuveliswa kombungu.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokutsalwa kwechumbo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwembungu kungenzeka, omnye wabasebenzi bakaDkt. Shettles wabika ukuhlolwa kwakhe okungavumelekanga.

Isibambiso sasuswa ngaphandle kweso sitshixo, kwaye uDkt Shettles wayejongene nokuzama kwakhe kwe-IVF. Ingxaki yokuba umntwana wokuqala we-IVF wayelahlekile.

Emva koko, uDkt Shettles waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe e-Columbia-Presbyterian.

Ukuqala kokukhulelwa kwe-IVF kwenzeka eNgilani

Emuva eNgilani, ngo-1975, uDkt. Edwards noDkt. Steptoe bagqiba ukuphumelela kwe-IVF yokuqala.

Kodwa ukukhulelwa kwakuyi- ectopic - i-embryo yayifakwe kwi-tube fallopian- kwaye ukukhulelwa kwaphela ekuphumuleni.

Okwangoku, e-Merika, iimingcipheko ezingakumbi kwi-IVF yophando zafakwa.

Izibonelelo zaseburhulumenteni zazingavunyelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe ngenjongo yokuba "uphando lwama-fetal" (oluza kubandakanya uphando lwe-IVF) ngaphandle kokuba isifundo saqale savunywa yiBhodi yeSizwe yoLungiso.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ibhodi ayinakuyilwa ngokusemthethweni de ngoJuni ka-1978, inkqubela yafika kwithuba elifutshane.

Umntwana wokuqala we-IVF Ukhulelwe waza wazalwa

Emuva eNgilani, uDkt. Edwards noDkt. Steptoe baqhubeka nokuzama kwabo kwi-IVF.

NgoNovemba ka-1976, uLesley noJohn Brown badibana noDkt Steptoe.

Izibhabhu zaseLesley zazinqandwa. UDkt. Stepto watshela abaBrown ukuba i-vitro fertilization ingakwazi ukubanceda. Bavuma ukunyango.

NgoNovemba 10 ^th , 1977, uDkt. Steptoe wathabatha amaqanda e-Lesley Brown ngamaqanda nge-laparoscopic. Esebenzisa ubusika bukaJohn Brown, uDkt. Edwards ubeka amaqanda kunye nesidoda ndawonye kwisitya se-petri, kwaye ukuchumisa ngempumelelo kwenziwa.

Emva kweentsuku ezimbini, imbilini eyabangela ukuba ibuyiselwe e-Lesley.

Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka kwaye kwaba yimpumelelo!

NgoJulayi 25 ngo-1978, uLouise Joy Brown-umntwana wokuqala we-IVF-wazalelwa ngeqonga lekota. Wayenama-5, i-ounces ezili-12.

Unempilweni, uyonwabile kwaye uqhelekileyo.

Ithemba leNtsana ye-IVF kwi-American Returns

Ngaloo nyaka, eMelika, uDkt. Georgeanna noHoward Jones bathatha umhlala-phantsi kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn-Hopkins. Bagqiba ekubeni bathuthele eNorfolk, eVirginia ukuvula ikliniki yokuzala .

Ngomhla wokuzalwa kukaLouise Joy Brown, intatheli yaxoxa noDkt Howard Jones eNorfolk. Umnyatheli wabuza ukuba umntwana we-IVF wayenokwenzeka eMelika.

UDkt Jones waphendula ukuba kwakunokwenzeka, yonke into ayifunayo yayiyimali yokwenza ukuba kwenzeke.

UDkt Jones kamva wamukela umnxeba ovela kwisigulane sangaphambili sokuzala esinikela ngemali yokuvula iklinikhi yokuqala ye-IVF eMelika.

Kodwa ixesha elide liza kudlula ngaphambi kokuba umntwana we-IVF azalwe e-USA.

Abantwana abangaphezulu kwe-IVF abakhulelwe baza bazalwa emhlabeni jikelele

Ingxabano yaqhubeka iphakama kwaye ihamba ngendlela ye-in vitro yophando lwezolimo kunye nenqubekela phambili eMelika.

Ngoxa le nto yayenzeka, ehlabathini lonke, iintsana ezingaphezulu kwe-IVF zafika.

NgoJanuwari 4 ^th , 1978, uAlastair MacDonald wazalelwa - umntwana wesibini we-IVF kunye nomntwana wokuqala we-IVF.

Ngomhla wama-23 Juni ngo-1980, umntwana wokuqala wase-Australia ozalwa i-IVF wazalelwa ngu-Candice Elizabeth Reed.

Ngo-Oktobha 2 ^{nangomnyaka we-} 1981, umntwana wokuqala we-IVF owazalwa ngabazali baseMerika - kodwa unyango kunye nokuzalwa kwenzeka eNgilandi. Igama lakhe nguSamantha Steel.

EMelika, uJones 'baqhubeka bekulwela ukuvula nokuqhuba iiklinikhi zabo zeVF.

I-American First In Vitro Baby Ifika!

Ekugqibeleni, emva kokucima izimbambano ezininzi zezopolitiko, iklinikhi yokuqala yaseMelika ye-IVF yavulwa ngo-Matshi 1, 1980.

Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokuvula, uJones 'wazama 23 i- IVF embryo edluliselwa eNorfolk, VA. Aphumelelanga.

Okwangoku, eMassachusetts, uJudy noRoger Carr babenzima ukukhulelwa.

Ibali likaCarr lokungazinzi liqalise ngokukhulelwa okwafika ngokukhawuleza kodwa kwaphela ngokukhawuleza. Ukukhulelwa kwabo okokuqala kwakuyi-ectopic, kwaye uJudy walahlekelwa enye yamathambo. Bazama ukukhulelwa kwakhona, bafumana ngokukhawuleza kwakhona, kodwa babe nesinye isisu sokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic. UJudy walahlekelwa yileyesibili yesondo.

Ukukhulelwa kwemvelo kwakungenakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo.

Ngoxa uJudy ephulukana nokuhlinzwa, wathabatha iphephancwadi ngekliniki ye-IVF eNorfolk, VA. I-IVF yayingatholakali kuphela eMassachusetts ngelo xesha, kwakungekho mthethweni.

UCarrs waqhagamshelana noJones waza wamenywa ukuba eze kwikliniki yabo ye-IVF. Baqhubeka neyeza lwe-IVF.

Ngo-Apreli 17 ^th , ngo-1981, iqanda likaJudy elikhulelweyo latshintshelwa kwisibeletho sakhe. Kwakuyimpumelelo.

Ekugqibeleni, ngoDisemba 28, 1981, ngo-7: 46 ekuseni, uElber Jordan Jordan uCarr wazalwa ngeqendu lekota. Umntwana wokuqala we-IVF waseMelika.

Unempilweni, uyonwabile kwaye uqhelekileyo.

In Vitro Fertilization Emva koko Ngoku

Inkqubo ye-IVF ibonakala ihluke kakhulu namhlanje kunokuba yenziwe xa iqala ukuyila.

Izigulane zokuqala ze-IVF zafuneka ukuba zihlale ezibhedlele ngethuba lomjikelo wazo wonyango. Ukuze ulinganise amazinga e-hormone, kwafuneka aqokelele wonke umchamo.

Ngoku, izigulane ze-IVF ziyakwazi ukuhlala ekhaya nokusebenza. Akusafuneki ukuqokelela yonke umchamo. Umsebenzi wegazi usetyenziswa ukuhlola ama-hormone. Izigulane ze-IVF zifuna ukufika kwiklinikhi yokuzala rhoqo ngenxa yomsebenzi wegazi kunye nama-ultrasounds. Kodwa unyango alusetyenziso lokujikeleza.

Ngethuba leentsuku zokuqala ze-IVF, xa amazinga e-hormone abonisa i-ovulation, i-egg retrievals kwafuneka ihlelwe ngokuchanekileyo iiyure ezingama-26 kamva. Ngamanye amaxesha kwakuthetha ukwenza inkqubo phakathi kobusuku.

Namhlanje, iziyobisi ezinobungozi ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula xa i-ovulation ivela. Oku kuvumela ukucwangcisa ama-egg retrievals kwiiyure eziqhelekileyo zemihla. Kwakhona kuvumela oogqirha ukuba babe nolawulo olubanzi lwenkqubo yonke ye-ovulation, ukwandisa imingeni yokuphumelela.

Ekuqaleni, ukubuyiswa kwamaqanda kwakudinga ukuhlinzwa okwenyukayo. I-Laparoscopy iyadingeka. Le yindlela yokucoca apho kukho ukukhangela okuncinci kwisisu, kwaye ikhamera kunye nezixhobo zifakwa ngolu hlobo.

Namhlanje, inaliti ekhokelwayo i-ultrasound isetyenziselwa ukufumana amaqanda. Oku kuncipha kakhulu, kungabikho mngcipheko, kwaye kubandakanya ixesha elifutshane lokubuyisela.

**Ixesha elizayo elinokwenzeka le-IVF: Kwi-Vitro Fertilization Ngoku e Vivo ?**

Ezinye iicawa ziziphatha ngokuchasene nombono wokukhulelwa ngaphandle komzimba.

Inkqubo ye-GIFT, eyenziwe nguDkt. Shettles ngo-1979, ivumela ukuba ukukhulelwa kuvele ngaphakathi kumzimba. Kodwa le nqubo iyangena kwaye ayinayo impumelelo enkulu yempumelelo.

Inkqubo yegrethe yokudlulisa i-intrafallopian (GIFT) inkqubo yonyango oluthile olufana ne-IVF. Ngaloo nto, loo mfazi udla ngokuthatha iziyobisi zokukhusela ukuvuselela ama-ovari. Amaqanda ayo athatyathwa kwii-ovari ngokusebenzisa inaliti ekhokelwa yi-ultrasound.

Kodwa ngokungafani ne-IVF, ukuchumisa kweqanda akuqhubeki kwibhuyibhile. Kunoko, iqanda kunye nesidoda zihanjiswe kwiibhulo zomhlaba , apho ukuchumisa kuya kuqhutyelwa khona.

Ngenxa yezinga eliphantsi lokuphumelela kunye nokunyuka kweenkqubo, i-GIFT ayifumanekanga namhlanje.

I-teknoloji entsha iteknoloji ingenza ukukhulelwa ngaphakathi komzimba kufumaneke kuzo zonke izibini ze-IVF.

Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuthi i-AneVivo sisakhutshwa njengamanje kwi-United Kingdom. Yafumana imvume evela kwi-Human Fertilization kunye ne-Embryology Authority (HFEA) ngoSeptemba ka-2015.

Abaphandi ababandakanyekayo ekuphuhlisweni kwefowuni entsha bayakholelwa ukuba impilo ye-embryo ingaphuculiswa ngakumbi xa ama-embrasi achitha ixesha elincinane kwibhabhi kunye nexesha elithile kwimeko yesimo semvelo.

Inkqubo entsha iquka ukubeka iiqanda kunye neeseti zesisu ngaphakathi kwincsule encinci. (I-capsule iyimitha engamitha ubude kunye ne-millimeter enye ububanzi.)

Le capsule iya kudluliselwa kwisibeleko malunga neeyure ezingama-24. Ngeli xesha, sinethemba lokuba, ukukhulelwa kuza kwenzeka.

Emva kwexesha elimiselweyo, i-capsule isuswa. Oogqirha bavula i-capsule kwaye ukhethe ama-embryo enempilo ukuze abuyele kwisibeleko.

Akunakuphela kuphela ezobuchwepheshe bezinto ezinokubangela ukuxhalabisa inkolo (kwabanye), kunokunika indawo engqongileyo yokukhulelwa.

Kuya kuvumela nabasetyhini ukuba bafumane ukukhulelwa kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi komzimba wabo.

Oku ngakumbi kwi-IVF unyango namhlanje:

_Imithombo:

_{IBavister BD1.} _{"Imbali yokuqala ye-vitro fertilization." Ukuzaliswa .} _{2002 Agasti; 124 (2): 181-96.} _{http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/124/2/181.long}

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