Inyaniso Ngendlela Yokukhulelwa Ngomfana okanye Intombazana
Ukuba unentliziyo yakho isetyenziswe ukuba nenkwenkwana okanye intombazana, unokungabazeki ukuba ufumane ingcebiso nge-intanethi. Ungathenga ubulili "iikiti," kunye ne-vitamin cocktails, iimveliso zolwazi, kunye neentlobo zangasese zomhlaba ezithembisa ukuba uya kwandisa ingxaki yakho yokukhulelwa kwinkwenkwe okanye intombazana ukuba uyisebenzise.
Eyaziwa nangokuthi ukukhetha ngokwesini okanye ukutshatyalaliswa ngokwesini, kukho umxube weengcali, ingcaciso engafaniyo, kunye (ncinane) inzululwazi ngaphandle.
Uninzi lwengcebiso alunobungozi, kodwa ezinye zingonakalisa. Ezinye izidlo zokukhetha ngesondo zingaba yingozi, kwaye ezinye iindlela zokuguquka kwezesini zinganciphisa iingxaki zokukhulelwa kwakho konke.
Kukho uncedo oluthile lobuchwepheshe bokuzala onokukunceda unentombazana okanye inkwenkwana. Nangona kunjalo, zibiza , ziza neengozi zonyango , kwaye aziyikho ipesenti eziyi-100 eziqinisekisiwe. Ngaphezu koko, akuzona zonke iikliniki zokuzala ezinika iteknoloji yokukhetha ngokwesondo ngaphandle kwemfuno yonyango.
Kule nqaku, uya kufunda izizathu zokuba umzali unethemba lokukhetha isini somntwana wabo wesikhathi esizayo, ufumane uluhlu oluthile lweendlela "eziqhelekileyo" ekubhekeleni ngokwesini, sifunde ngeendlela ezibonakaliswe kuphela zophando zokukhulelwa intombazana okanye inkwenkwana, kunye neendlela ezinokwenzeka zokuziphatha ngokwesini.
Kutheni umzali onokuba nethemba lokuba nomfana okanye intombazana
Kukho izizathu zonyango kunye nezingezizo zonyango umzali angafuna ukuba nomntwana wesini esithile.
Kwicala lezokwelapha, kukho izifo zofuzo ezidibeneyo zesini.
Ngokomzekelo, i-hemophilia ne-Duchenne i-dystrophy ye-muscular ihlala ivele kubafana. Ukuba intsapho inembali yezi zifo, ingafuna ukukhulelwa intombazana.
Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abantu benethemba lokuba inkwenkwe okanye intombazana ifuna ukwenza njalo ngenxa yezizathu ezingezizo unyango.
Isizathu esona siqhelo kukulinganisa intsapho.
Yile nto usapho usenomntwana (okanye abantwana abaninzi) ngesondo esinye, kwaye uthemba ukuba umntwana olandelayo uya kuba ngesini esahlukileyo. Okanye, ukuba isibini sinquma ukuba nabantwana ababini, kwaye sele sele benenkwenkwana (okanye intombazana), banokumisela ngakumbi ukuba umntwana wabo wesibili abe esinye isini.
Uphando lufumene ukuba kwiintsapho kunye namakhwenkwe onke, izibini ziyakwazi ukwandisa ubungakanani babo bobukhulu bentsapho, ngethemba lokuba olandelayo "uya kugqitywa" intombazana.
Ukulinganisa kwintsapho ngokuqhelekileyo kuqwalaselwa kwintsapho, kodwa inokuba yintsapho eyongeziweyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ootatatomkhulu unabantwana abakhulu kuphela, omnye wabantwana bawo unokuba nethemba lokunika ugogo nomkhulu umzukulu wakhe (okanye ngokulandelana).
Ezinye izizathu umntu angakhetha ukuzenza nokuba yinkwenkwe okanye intombazana zibandakanya:
- Ukukhetha ukukhulisa umntwana wesini esithile : Ukuba isibini sinqwenela ukuba nomntwana omnye, banokukhetha ukuba umntwana abe yinkwenkwana (okanye intombazana). Okanye, umama ongatshatanga, umzekelo, unokuziva ekhululekile ukuphakamisa intombazana. Umbhangqwana ongowesilisa okanye ongowesilisa ongowesilisa onomntwana onomntwana ongenamdla unokuziva ekhululekile ukukhulisa inkwenkwana.
- Izizathu zenkcubeko okanye zonqulo : Ezinye iinkcubeko kunye neenkolelo zithandana ngesondo esinye kwesinye. (Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye iinkonzo ziyakwenqabela nayiphi na uhlobo lokukhetha ucansi ngaphambi kokuqala.)
- Ukufa komntwana : Ukuba umzali ulahlekelwa ngumntwana, banethemba lokuba nomntwana omnye wesini esifanayo. Ngapha koko, banokufuna ukuba nomntwana wesini esahlukileyo, ukuzama ukuphepha iingqalelo ezimbi ezinxulumene nokulahleka kwazo.
Yintoni ecacisa ngoSondo ngoNyana wakho
I-X ne-Y-i-chromosomes inqume ngesondo. Iqanda lihlala liphethe i-X ye-chromosome, ngelixa i-sperm ifake i-X okanye Y kwi-embryo.
Ukuba i-Y-sperm ifaka iqanda, ufumana i-XY-inkwenkwana. Ukuba i-X-sperm ikhupha iqanda, ufumana i-XX-intombazana. (Kukho izifo zofuzo apho i-chromosome yesondo eyongezelelweyo ikhona, njenge-Klinefelter syndrome (XXY), kodwa ezo zifo zingabonakali kwaye zingaphaya kwelo nqaku.)
Kucinga ukuba isiqingatha seentsana ezizalwe ngabafana kwaye isiqingatha simantombazana, kodwa oko akunjalo ngokwenene. Umyinge wehlabathi jikelele wamadoda namabhinqa unamavulana angama-107 ukuya kuma-100 amantombazana. Nangona oku kuthetha ukuba amakhwenkwe angaphantsi azalwa ngaphezu kwamantombazana, oku akuguquleli ukuba intsingiselo yomntu yokuba neyinkwenkwana iphezulu kunokuba nentombazana.
Ukutshintshwa kwezinto zesini ngokwasemzimbeni kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye kunokuchaphazeleka ngobude phakathi kokukhulelwa, umyalelo wokuzalwa, ukuchayeka kwiibhoksi zendalo, kunye nezinye izinto (ezininzi zazo ezingaziwa).
I-IVF kunye ne-PGD: I-Scientific Method
Indlela yodwa yokuba nomntwana wesini-esithile-kunye nama-99 ekhulwini ngokuchanekileyo-i- IVF kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-genetic diagnosis, okanye i-PGD . Oku kuncedisa iteknoloji yokuzala yenzelwe ukukunceda ukuphepha isifo esithile sokuzalwa, kwaye oko kuseyona nto eyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-IVF-PGD ingasetyenziselwa ukukhulelwa umntwana wesini esithile ngenxa yezizathu ezingezonyango. I-IVF kunye ne-PGD iyingozi kwaye iyabiza kakhulu , okwenza ifikeleleke kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngabo abo bafuna i-IVF , ngenxa yokungabikho komntwana, kaninzi abakwazi ukufumana unyango.
Nge-IVF, iziyobisi zonyango zisetyenziselwa ukuvuselela i-ovaries yowesifazane. Ingcamango yokufumana amaqanda aqokelele amaqanda amaninzi, endaweni yesigqirha okanye ezibini ezenzekayo kumjikelezo wendalo.
Ngomjikelezo weminyaka, ngelixa umfazi engaphansi kwe-anesthesia, inaliti ekhokelwa yi-ultrasound igqitywe ngodonga lwamanzi ukuze ufumane amaqanda. Iqabane lamadoda linikeza isampuli yesidoda, ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziselwa umniki wesilisa. Emva koko, kwilebhu, amaqanda kunye nesidoda zihlanganiswa. Ngethemba, ezinye iiqanda ziya kutyalwa. Amaqanda afakelwe ngamabungu.
Ngenxalenye ye-PGD yenkqubo, iiseli ezimbalwa zixhomekeke kwimibungu ekhulayo. Ezi zithunyelwa ukuhlolwa kofuzo. Le yindlela ekuchongwe ngayo ukuba imibusi i-XX (amantombazana) kunye ne-XY (amakhwenkwe).
Ibhinqa (okanye isibini) sinokugqiba isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi imibusi ebuyiswe kwisisu somfazi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ufuna kuphela intombazana, i-XX embryos kuphela iya kuqwalaselwa.
Ngaphambi kokuba ucinge nge-IVF, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqonde yonke ingozi kumama nosana. I-PGD iza kunye nezingozi zayo kunye neendleko.
Ezinye izinto ezimbalwa ukugcina engqondweni:
- Akukho siqinisekiso sokuba uza kufumana nayiphi na imibusi yesondo oyithandayo. Unokufumana zonke ii-XX okanye zonke ii-embryos ze-XY. (Ukuhlunga i-Sperm kunokuphucula iziphumo zakho; bonani ngaphezulu kule ngezantsi.)
- Uya kufuneka uqwalasele oko uza kukwenza ngeemibusi ezongezelelweyo zesini ongayifuni. (Unokwazi ukubanikela kwisibini esingenasiphelo, ukulahla, okanye ukuzinikela ngophando.) Ukwenza esi sigqibo sinokumelana nomoya kunye nocelomngeni.
- Kwaye i-IVF ne-PGD ayikho ikhulu leepesenti. Iiphoso kunye neempazamo zenzeka.
- Njengokuba kungekho siqinisekiso sokuthi uza kufumana imbungu yesondo ofuna ukuyisebenzisa, i-IVF ayifuni nakwiiqinisekiso sokukhulelwa. I-embrayo idluliselweyo ayithethi ukuba uye ekhaya ekhaya umntwana .
- Ayikho ikliniki yonke yokuzala ikulungele ukunikela nge-IVF kunye ne-PGD ngenxa yezizathu ezingezizo unyango. Ezinye iiklinikhi ziza kuziqwalasela ngokulinganisa intsapho.
I-Sperm ihlelwa nge-Insemination okanye i-IVF
Kukho enye indlela yokwelapha engaphumelekanga njenge-IVF kunye ne-PGD, kodwa inokwenziwa kwezesayensi ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi indlela "yemvelo". Loo nto udidi lwesilisa, ngokukodwa ngeteknoloji eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cytometry yokuhamba. I-teknoloji inelungelo lobunikazi phantsi kwegama elithi MicroSort®.
I-MicroSort® yayingaphantsi kwe-FDA ingqwalasela iminyaka emininzi, kodwa inkampani eqhuba izilingo zamakliniki eUnited States ihoxise isicelo sayo. I-MicroSort® ayisekho e-USA, kwaye i-FDA ayizange ivume ngokusemthethweni okanye ayivumelani nobugcisa.
I-MicroSort® itholakale eMexico, eMntla Cyprus, eMalaysia naseSwitzerland. Abantu ngamanye amaxesha bayaya kwelinye lala mazwe ukuze basebenzise iteknoloji, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiklinikhi ezibandakanya imboni yezokhenketho.
I-Sperm ikhetha kunye ne-MicroSort® isebenza into enje. Le ndoda inikeza isampula yesininzi, eyenziwa ngokuzivuselela . Ngenye indlela, isampuli yesityalo ingavela kumnini wesini. Inambu ihamba kwinkqubo ehlambulukileyo yohlamba ukususa i-seminal fluid kunye nesidoda esingahambi.
Emva koko, iiseliti zesinqa zenziwe ngombala okhethekileyo ochaphazelekayo kunye nomxholo we-DNA ofumaneka kwiiseli zesilisa. Iindidi zesilisa zifakwa kwindawo yokuhamba kwe-cytometer, eyinto yobuchwepheshe eyenza ukuchongwa kweengqungquthela kwi-fluid njengoko zidlula i-laser. Iifom ze-X-sperm zinomxholo ongaphezulu kwe-DNA kuneeseli ze-Y-sperm, ngoko ii-cell ze-X-sperm zesebe zikhanya ngakumbi xa zidlula ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
Yile ndlela ama-cell cell akhethwe ngayo kwaye achongwa, omnye ngomnye. Iteknoloji ayilunganga. Okwamanje akunakwenzeka ukufumana "ucocekileyo" x-imbindi okanye y-sperm uhlobo.
Isampula e-X okanye Y-concentrated then is moved to the womb of the woman through IUI , okanye ingasetyenziswa kunye ne-IVF yodwa okanye i-IVF-PGD.
Le yimivuzo yokuphumelela kwizilingo zonyango ezenziwa eMelika:
- Kulabo bafuna intombazana, iisampuli zesidoda zesibhokazi ziqulethe iipesenti ezingama-87 ze-X ezithwele iiselingi zesininzi. Xa isetyenziselwa ukudlulisa okanye nge-IVF, xa ukukhulelwa nokuzalwa kufikeleleke, iipesenti ezingama-93 zeempawu zenze intombazana.
- Isampuli esinezidalwa zesilisa esineziphumo ezingama-74 ekhulwini ze-Y ezithwele iindili zesisu. Xa ukukhulelwa okuphumelelayo kunye nokuzalwa kwafezwa, iipesenti ezingama-85 zaphumela kwintsana.
Iipesenti ezingentla zibhekiselele kwimpumelelo yokufumana isondo esifuna ngabazali okanye abazali. Ezi awona awona mpu melelo kwizonyango zonyango ngokubanzi.
Imijikelezo ye-IUI kule sifundo yabangela ukukhulelwa kweklinikhi eyi-14 ekhulwini yexesha. Imijikelezo ye-IVF ine-30 yepesenti yokukhulelwa kweklinikhi, kwaye ijikelezo zokutshintshwa kwe-embrasi ye-embryo yayinezinga le-32 lokukhulelwa kweeklinikhi. Ezi zifaniswa nemilinganiselo yeempumelelo ezilindelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba iteknoloji yokukhetha i-sperm.
Ayaziwa ukuba yintoni ingozi ekhoyo ukuba kuvezwe iiseli zesilisa kwidayi, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, okanye uxinzelelo ophezulu owenziwe kwi-cytometer yokuhamba. Kukho umngcipheko wokwanda kwe-chromosomal kwiiseli zesisu, kodwa okwangoku, asiyazi ngokwenene.
Njengoko kuchazwe ngentla, i-MicroSort® ayisekho kwi-USA. Uya kufuneka uhambe kwelinye ilizwe ukuyisebenzisa. Ukhenketho lwezonyango kwizonyango zonyango kunemiqobo, iindleko kunye neenzuzo zokuqwalasela.
I-Ericsson Albumin Indlela
Indlela yokuhlanjululwa kwe-albumin ye-sperm yokukhetha-engcono eyaziwayo njenge-Ericsson Albumin Method-yindlela yokuphikisana yokukhetha ucansi ngaphambi kokuqala. Ufunyenwe kwaye unelungelo lobunikazi nguDkt. Ronald Ericsson, okwangoku nje kuphela uhlobo lwe-teknoloji yokwenza iteknoloji ekhoyo e-USA.
Ukusebenza kwale ndlela kuphikisana kakhulu. Kukho izifundo (ezininzi zazo zibandakanya uDkt. Ericsson ngokwakhe) eziye zaxela ukuba le ndlela iyakwenza isilinganiselo kwisini esinye okanye esinye, kodwa zikhona nezifundo ezingayifumananga nayiphi na impumelelo ngokusebenzisa i-albumin filtration method.
Ukucacisa iteknoloji ngokulula, indlela yakwa-Ericsson ibandakanya ukubeka iiselingi zemizi ehlanjwe ngokukhethekileyo kwisicombululo se-albumin. I-albin ihlobo lweeprotheyini ngokwemvelo ezifunyenwe kwi-semen. I-albin ilulekwe ngokunyuka kwenyameko, kunye neyona nto ibanzi kakhulu emva kwezantsi.
Iingcamango kukuba i-Y-cell spells iya kuhlamba kwaye ifikelele kwi-layest thickest. Kutheni le nto iyenzeka-nokuba kungenxa yokukhawuleza kweeseli ze-Y-sperm okanye ukunyaniseka kwazo xa kuthelekiswa ne-X-cell spells-ayicacanga.
Kulabo bafuna inkwenkwe, indlela yokuhlanjululwa ilandelwa kukusasazwa , okanye i-IUI.
Kwalabo bafuna intombazana, i-IUI isetyenziselwa emva kokuba iiselingi zesilisa zifakwe, kodwa isilwanyana sokuzala i- Clomid yongezwa kwiprothokholo yonyango. Kuthiwa ukuba iComomid ishintsha i-mucus yomlomo , okwenza ibe yinto ekhangeleka kwi-cell-X.
Ziziphi amathuba okufumana ubulili obufunayo? Iingxelo zempumelelo ezichaziweyo ziyahluka. Inkqubo kuthiwa yincinci ngakumbi kulabo ba nethemba lokuba nenkwenkwe, malunga nama-80 ekhulwini ukufumana abafana njengoko kucetywayo. Kwabo bafuna intombazana, izinga lokuphumelela libikwa liyingcipheko engaphezulu kwama-70. Phakathi kwama-15 ne-30 ekhulwini kwiintsana ezizalwe ngale ndlela aziyi kuba ngesondo abazali abafunyenwe nabo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kuhambelana nezifundo ezifumene ukuba le nkqubo iphumelele kuzo zonke.
I-Shettles Method
Indlela ye-Shettles yokukhetha ngocansi mhlawumbi iyona ndlela eyaziwayo ngokuqhelekileyo yokucinga ngomfana okanye intombazana. Ingena nguDkt. Landrum Shettles , owayengumvulindlela wokuqala we-IVF, le ndlela isekelwe kwimbonakalo yakhe yobuninzi kwiminyaka yama-1950.
Nangona iicatshulwa zikaDkt Shettles zanyatheliswa kwiingxelo zeengxelo zohlolo lwabazali ngelo xesha, emva koko iteknoloji kunye nophando olulandelayo lubonise indlela yokulahleka.
Ukuze kucace, indlela ayinayo isingqinisiso sesayensi. Akusebenzi.
Ngokomzekelo, ubuninzi beendlela zithatha ukuba i-Y-sperm ibhukuda ngokukhawuleza kune-X-sperm. UDkt. Shettles wafika kwesi sigqibo ngokujonga ubungakanani kunye nokuziphatha kwamaseli esilisa. Waqaphela ukuba amancinci amancinci endiza ahamba ngokukhawuleza kunokuba aphakamileyo, kwaye wagqiba kwelo ncinane amancinci yesilisa kufuneka abe yi-Y kwaye ethwele i-X-chromosome ethwele.
Abaninzi bezulululwazi zengxelo zenze iinjongo ezifanayo, ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi kaDkt Shettles. Nangona kunjalo, uhlalutyo lomdongo oluxhaswe ngekhompyutheni (CASA) -ukungazange luqulunqwe ukususela nge-1980-lufumene ukuba oku kuchanekanga. Iimpawu ze-Y zentsholongwane azihambi kangangoko ngokukhawuleza kunama-cell-X.
Nakhu okushiwo yi-Shettles Method, kunye neengxaki.
Ithiphu ye-Shettles # 1: Ukuba ufuna ukuba nenkwenkwe, yenza isondo ngesondo ngokusondeleyo . Ngokufanelekileyo, kwiiyure eziyi-12 ngaphambi kokuvunywa kwakho. Kwaye, thintela isondo (okanye sebenzisa iikhondom) de ufikelele ngeli xesha. Iingcamango kukuba i-Y-cell spells izakufika kwiqanda ngokukhawuleza, phambi kokuba i-X-bearing cell spells ikwazi.
Ukuba ufuna ukufumana intombazana, yenza isondo rhoqo ngemini xa isiphelo sakho siphela, kude kube seentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine ngaphambi kokulindela ukukhupha. Emva koko, thintela isondo. Kwakhona, gweba ukulala ngesondo xa unesiqhumane esineziqhamo zomlomo wesibeleko .
Inyiyo yokuba i-X-ethwele iiselingi ze-sperm zihamba ngokukhawuleza kodwa ziza kuphila ixesha elide kunezisele ze-Y-sperm, kwaye i-cell-sperm yeeseli ze-X kuphela iza kuba khona xa iqanda livuthwe.
Ingxaki ngeli cebiso : Akunakwenzeka ukuba ixesha lesini libe li-12 iiyure ngaphambi kokuvuthwa. Uphando lufumene ukuba akukho ndlela yokulandelela i-home-based ovulation yiyo echanileyo.
Ukuphepha ukulala ngesibini kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba ulindele ukuvuthisa kuthetha ukuba ulahlekile kwiintsuku zakho ezivumileyo. Kwakhona, ukuphepha isondo xa unomkhwa omhlophe weqanda lomkhwa wesibeleko uthetha ukuba unqanda ixesha lakho elihle kakhulu.
Ingxaki yakho yokukhulelwa kuyo yonke-kunye nenkwenkwana okanye intombazana-yehla.
Ngaphezu koko, okubaluleke kakhulu, izifundo zokulandelelana ngexesha lokulala ngesondo zifumene iziphumo ezidibeneyo nezingavumelaniyo. Abanye bafumanisa ukuba ukulala ngesondo kunye ne-ovulation kwandise iingxaki zokukhulelwa intombazana, ezinye iifundo zandile zandisa ukwanda kwexesha lokukhulelwa kwenkwenkwana, kwaye abanye bafumanisa ukuba akukho nto eyahlukileyo.
Ithiphu ye-Shettles # 2: Ukuba ufuna inkwenkwe, yenza isondo ngokusebenzisa isithuba sokungena kwangasemva , i-aka "style doggy." Sebenzisa izikhundla zesondo ezifumana isambulo siseduze nomlomo wesibeleko kunokwenzeka ukuba unike "i-Y-sperm" ngokukhawuleza. iiseli inzuzo.
Ukuba ufuna ukufumana intombazana, yenza isondo kwisimo sezithunywa zevangeli kunye "nokungena" okungenangqondo, ngoko ke inambuzane isetyenzisiwe kude nomlomo wesibeleko, apho indawo yesisu iyancipha.
Ingxaki ngeli cebiso : Isikhundla sesondo asithinteli ngokukhawuleza ukuba isantya esithile sentsholongwane sisondela kwiqanda. Ngoku siyazi ukuba ii-sperm zeeseli azibhukudi ngokukhawuleza kunama-cell-sperm cells.
Ithiphu ye-Shettles # 3: Bhuzisa ngeviniga ukuze ukwandise i-asidi yesini, ukunika i-cell-sperm cell. UDkt. Shettles ukholelwa ukuba ii-cell-sperm zeseli zazinzima kunezi-cell ze-Y.
Ingxaki ngeli cebiso : U-Douching unokuphazamisa uqobo lwe-pH ukulinganisela kwesini sakho. Oku kunokukhokelela ekucaseni nasekusulelekeni, kwaye ususe i-mucus yomlomo eyenza ukukhusela inzala yonke eyenza zonke iiseli zesisu ("abafana" kunye "namantombazana") zisinda.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuhambisa i-douching kunokunciphisa iimeko zakho zonke zokukhulelwa nonke. Oku ngakumbi ngale ngezantsi.
Ithiphu ye-Shettles # 4 : Ukuba ufuna ukuba nenkwenkwe, umfazi kufuneka abe ne-orgasm . Oku kukunceda i-Y-sperm cell ukuba zidide ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana intombazana, loo mfazi makangabi naso.
Kwakhona, ngokutsho kukaDkt. Shettles, ukungabi ne-orgasm kuya kwenza ukuba i-pH ibhalansi yemvelo yelungelo elingaselulwanga lihle kakhulu kwi-Y ezithwele iindili zesininzi.
Ingxaki ngale ngcebiso : Njengoko kuchaziwe ngentla, ngoku siyazi ukuba i-Y-chromosome ethwele iiselingi zesisu ayidonki ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwe-X-carry cell cells. Kwakhona, akukho bungqina bokuba okanye ukungabi naso isigxina kuya kuthintela ngesondo somntwana okhulelwayo. Ungaziphiki u-orgasm egameni le-pseudo-science!
Indlela yeWhelan
I-Whelan Method isekelwe kwingcebiso kaDkt. Elizabeth Whelan, owayengumgqirha wezifo (isifo se-epidemiologist isosayensi ehlola izifo). Indlela yakhe i sekelwe uphando lwee-1970 lukaDkt. Rodrigo Guerrero.
UDkt. Guerrero wafumanisa ukuba iingxaki zokukhulelwa kwinkwenkwe yayingaphezulu xa ukulala ngokwesondo kwenzeka iintsuku ezininzi ngaphambi kokuvuthwa, kwaye ukuba iingxaki zokuba nentombazana ziphezulu kakhulu xa ukulala kwesibini kwenzeka kwangaphambili okanye emva kokuvuthwa.
Le ngcebiso echasene ngqo noDkt. Shettles. (Akunakulungele ukuba zombini.)
Njengokuba kunye neengcebiso zikaDkt. Shettles, ukulandela iingcebiso zokukhetha ngokwesini ngesini esinye sinokunciphisa imithwalo yakho yonke yokukhulelwa nonke. Ukuba ugwema isondo emva kweentsuku ezine ngaphambi kokuvuthwa, awulalanga ngesondo xa ukhula kakhulu.
UDkt. Whelan uthi abo bazama ukuba nenkwenkwe, ipesenti ezingama-68 zenze inkwenkwe yabo, kwaye kwabo bafuna intombazana, baphumelela i-58 ekhulwini yexesha. Akukho ukuqinisekiswa kwangaphandle kwezibalo.
I-O + 12 Indlela
Indlela ye-O + 12-emele i-ovulation kunye neeyure eziyi-12-kwathiwa yenziwe ngumfazi owayefuna ukuba nentombazana kodwa waqhubeka eneenkwenkwezi kunye neShettles.
Ingcamango apha kukuba ukuba ufuna ukufumana intombazana, uchitha ixesha lokulala ngesithuba seeholide ezili-12. Kwakhona, ulala ngesinye isikhathi.
Ngaphandle kokuba kungekho zifundo ngale ndlela, kukho iingxaki ezimbini ezibalulekileyo.
Enye, akunakwenzeka ukuba ixesha lesini lize lenzeke emva kweeyure eziyi-12 emva kokuvuthwa ngenxa yokuba awukwazi ukufumana iehora elichanekileyo (okanye nangomhla) owatyelayo. Indlela yodwa yokwenza njalo iya kuba kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, umzuzu we-ovulation wawungaphuthelwa.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba isatifiketi yomzimba wakho osisiseko sitsho sikuxelele umhla owakhuphayo, uphando lufumene ukuba oku kungamanga. Ngoxa i-BBT yokutshintsha ingakunika ingcamango yokuba uhamba nini, ukunyuka kwamaqondo okushisa akukufumani ngokuchanekileyo usuku oluchanekileyo iqanda likhishwe kwi-follicle. Ngokuqinisekileyo akunakukuxelela ixesha elichanekileyo.
Ingxaki yesibini enkulu kwi-O + 12 kukuba ukunciphisa ubunzima bakho bokukhulelwa. Ukuba ufuna ukukhulelwa, isondo kufuneka senzeke ngaphambi kokuvuthwa , kwaye kufuneka ulale ngesondo ngaphaya kwexesha lakho elivundileyo.
Iqanda liphila kuphela kwiiyure ezili-12 ukuya kuma-24 emva kokukhishwa kwayo. Unokuphelelwa yithuba lakho lokukhulelwa xa uzama ukulala ngesinye kuphela, kwaye emva kokuba ususwe.
Ixesha lokulala
Esi sifundo esinzima kakhulu ukufundisisa, kuba awukwazi ukulawula ngokupheleleyo uvavanyo. Awukwazi ukuvalela izibini kwi-lebhu ngeenyanga ngelixa bezama ukukhulelwa. Ngaphezulu, ixesha elininzi, ubulili buba ngaphezu kosuku olunye kumjikelezo.
Kukho iinzame ezininzi zokufumana iintsuku "zemilingo" ukuba nenkwenkwana okanye intombazana, zonke iziphumo ezihlukeneyo:
- Omnye umphandi wachaza ukuba ukuba ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngosuku lwe-ovulation, unokufumana inkwenkwe. Ukuba kwenzeka ezimbini iintsuku ngaphambili, unako ukufumana intombazana.
- Omnye uphando uphakamise ukuba unako ukuba nenkwenkwe ukuba ulwabelana ngesondo kwenzeka iintsuku ngaphambi kokuba u-ovulation.
- Omnye usosayensi wacetyisa okuchaseneyo, ukubiza ukuba isondo esenzeka kufuphi ne-ovulation kwandisa iingxaki zenkwenkwe, ngelixa intombazana inokwenzeka ukuba isondo senziwa iintsuku ngaphambi.
- Njengoko sele ufunde apha ngentla-nje ucinga ngoShettles, Whelan, no-O + 12-unokubona iindlela ezininzi ezicetywayo ziphikisana!
Yingakho isifundo se-2016 sizama ukuphendula lo mbuzo, ukuzama ukufumana ukucaca kwesihloko.
Ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha, abaphandi abanakufumanisa ukuba isondo ngosuku oluthile sasingenakho ukukhokelela kwinkwenkwe okanye intombazana. Kuya kuba mnandi (kwaye kulula!) Ukuba isini sexesha lesingxowanxu singasigxina-kodwa isayensi yanje ithi akunakwenzeka.
Ukutya, izibonelelo kunye nokutya
Phantse zonke iintlobo zokutya zesini kunye neendlovu ziwela kwiintlobo zontathu:
- I-calorie kunye nokudla okunamafutha
- Ukutya okubonakala kuchaphazela umzimba wakho pH
- Ukunciphisa okanye ukunyusa ukunyuka kwamaminerali athile
Ngokutsho kwe- calories-fat fatory theory , oomama abadla izidlo eziphezulu kwiekhalori banako ukufumana inkwenkwe encinane. Xa iidlo ziphantsi kweekhalori, intombazana inokwenzeka.
Oku kwakusekelwe kwizifundo zesini sokuguquka ngexesha lemfazwe nendlala. Nangona ixesha elithile lithile libonisa ukuguquka kwesilinganiselo sesondo, ezinye iingcali azifumananga oku. Akunakwenzeka ukuba umlinganiselo weoli okanye ikhalori yokutya kwakho kuya kutshintshela iimeko zakho zokuba nenkwenkwe okanye intombazana.
Ngokutsho kweengcamango zokutya ze-pH , unako ukutshintsha i-pH yomzimba wakho ukuba ube ne-acidic okanye ngaphezulu kwe-alkali ngokusekelwe kwinto oyidlayo. Kuthetha ukuba i-acidic engakumbi ukuthanda ukuba nentombazana; ngaphezulu kwe-alkali kufuneka ikhulise iingxaki zakho zokuba nenkwenkwe.
Oku kusekelwe kwizifundo ze-in vitro zendlela iimbilini zesininzi ezithatha ngayo ukutshatyalaliswa kwendalo. Kuyinyani ukuba kwimeko yebhu, i-X-sperm inokumelana neemeko ezingaphezulu kune-Y-sperm.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki ezimbini:
- Kukunzima ukuqikelela ukuba iindidi zesininzi ziyakwenza njani kwimeko yendalo esekelwe kwinto eyenzekayo kwisitya se-petri.
- Okwesibini, umzimba wakho usebenza kanzima ukugcina i-homeostasis, okanye iimeko ezifanelekileyo kwimpilo yakho kunye nempilo. Oku kuquka ukugcina ii-pH zamazinga athile. Amanqanaba akho e-pH atshintsho ngokusekelwe kumahomoni akho (ayahluka ngohambo lwakho lokuya esikhathini), ixesha lomhla, amanqanaba oxinzelelo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Awukwazi ukuyilawula loo nto ngokwakho, ngokukodwa kwinqanaba okanye ukuchaneka oya kuyimfuneko ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhulelwe isondo esithile esekelwe kumazinga e-pH.
Ngokutsho kwesondlo sokutya kwesigxina , ukutya okuphantsi kwe-sodium ne-potassium, kunye ne-calcium ephezulu kunye ne-magnesium, kuthiwa ukwandisa iingxaki zokuba nentombazana.
Kwakukho isifundo esincinci esisodwa ekusebenziseni oku kutya ngokubambisana nokulala ngesondo. Baye bagqiba ukuvavanywa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukutya okunomgangatho wobuncitshisi. Zonke izibini zizame ukufumana intombazana.
Ngethuba lokutya, abafazi bebengadli ukutya okulungiselelwe ngetyuwa, badle imveliso enobisi (ubuncinane ama-500 amagremu ngosuku), gweba amazambane (aphezulu kwi potassium), kwaye uthathe i-calcium (500 ukuya ku-700 mg) i-magnesium (400 ukuya ku-600 mg), kunye ne-vitamin D. Isongezelelo samadayiti ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwimiphumo yomsebenzi wegazi.
Ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, izibini zaxelelwa ukuba ziphephe ukulala ngokwesini kwiintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi komhla wazo wokuvuthwa okulindelekileyo kunye neentsuku eziliqela emva kokuvuthwa kwe-ovulation. Oku kulandela i-theory-timing theory yeShettles ukuba ibe nentombazana.
Isifundo sasinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuphuma, ukuqala ngamabhangqwana angama-150, kunye nokuphela kwababhinqa abangama-32 kuphela abadibana nokutya kunye nexesha lokuziphatha kwezesondo. Phakathi kwabo, ama-81 ekhulwini abelethe umntwana umntwana.
Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba abo abazange bafumane ilungelo lokwenza ixesha, kodwa bagcinwa kwisondlo sokutya, iintlobo zabo zentombazana zaziphakamileyo (kodwa ezingekho phezulu).
Isilumkiso malunga nesondlo sokutya kwesini : Ezinye zezidlo zinconywe ngaphandle zikho. Bangakwazi ukulawula ngokuthe ngqo iindidi zokutya ozidlayo okanye ukutya kwakho kwekhalori. Ngexesha elide, ezinye zezidlo zingonakalisa impilo yakho. Kulabo abanembali yokutya okuphazamisekileyo, ezinye zezidlo zingabangela ukuphindaphinda.
Kwakhona, xa kuziwa ekuthatheni izongezo, okanye ukukhawulelana nokufakelwa kwamaminerali (kuquka ityuwa kunye ne-potassium), gcinani engqondweni le nto inokuba yingozi kwimpilo yakho yonke.
Ngaphambi kokuqala nayiphi na ukutya okanye uthathe naziphi na izongezo , khuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala.
Ibhokisi ngokubhekiselele kwiimviwo
Uphando lweeLab lufumene ukuba i-X ephethe iiselingi zesinambu iyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okufudumala kunokufudumala kwe-Y. Ngokusekelwe kulo, kulabo bafuna ukuba nentombazana, amadoda ayakhuthazwa ukuba agqoke iimfono. Imibuzo ibambe iifomtshane kufuphi nomzimba, iphakamisa ukushisa kwama-scrotum.
Ngaba kukho ubungqina bokuba oku kwenza umehluko? Hayi.
Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba xa uzama ukuzama ukunyusa izinga lokushisa kwe-scrotum, uthatha ingozi yokunciphisa isibalo sabantu bonke-kungekhona nje i-Y ezithwele izilwanyana zesininzi.
Ukutshintsha Umzimba Wakho Wezilwanyana PH NgeVinegar okanye i-Baking Soda
Inkcazo elandelayo emva kokukhetha ukukhetha ngokwesondo isekelwe kubungqina bebhoratri ukuba i-X-ethwele iiselingi zesininzi ilukhuni kunokuba i-Y ethwele iiselingi zesininzi. Uphando (kwi-petri izitya) ufumene ukuba i-X-sperm iyakwazi ukunyamezela iindawo ezininzi eziluhlaza, kwaye ukuba i-Y-sperm yenza ngcono kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kwe-alkaline.
Ukuba ufuna intombazana, iisayithi ezicebisa iingcebiso zesini zithi kufuneka utyhuke ngesisombululo seviniga, kwaye ukuba ufuna inkwenkwe, usebenzise isisombululo sokwakheka kwesoda. Okanye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuchazwe, zama ukugubungela ngomunwe wakho nge-baking soda ubeke umnwe wakho kwisini sakho. (Eyaziwa nangokuthi "umunwe we-baking soda").
Musa ukwenza oku. Akukho bubungqina obu kuya kukunceda unenkwenkwe okanye intombazana.
Ngaphezu koko, kukho ezininzi izizathu zokungazami:
- Ubume bakho besisu-ngokwakho-kudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukugcina isilwanyana siphila xa ukhula. I-Douching inokuhlambalaza kunye nemilinganiselo ye-pH efanelekileyo kwaye iphele ekubulaleni onke amangqamuzana ensimi-kungekhona nje i-Y okanye i-X yeselulungu sezilwanyana onethemba lokujolisa kuzo.
- Uza kuhlamba i- muscus yakho yomlomo , okufuneka ukhulelwe.
- Unokufumana intsholongwane okanye ukuvavanya kwamanzi ngesisu. Zombini ezi zinto zinokunciphisa iimeko zakho zokukhulelwa. Ayeyinto engathandekiyo!
Iikhikhi zokuSebenzisa ngezesondo zasekhaya
Kukho imveliso kunye "neekhethi zokukhetha zesondo" onokuzithenga. Ngokuqhelekileyo bafika ngolwazi okanye izikhokelo eziza kulandelwa, kunye neendidi "zezixhobo" okanye izongezelelo.
Basenokuquka ifowuni ye-douching (ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neresiphi yokulandela, ukwenza ekhaya), iziphakamiso zokutya kunye namamenyu, iimveliso zokulandelela i-ovulation ezifana ne-thermometers okanye i- ovulation test strips , njalo njalo. Unokufumana ii-pH ezijoliswe ukuvavanya u-acidity okanye u-alkalinity wesisu sakho, umbane wamanzi, okanye umlenze wakhe. Basenokuphonsa uvavanyo lokukhulelwa okanye ezimbini.
Abanye baquka amaqela e-intanethi "inkxaso" okanye iifom, ngokuqhelekileyo nje iqela le-Facebook kunye nabanye abazali bafuna ukukhulelwa intombazana okanye inkwenkwana.
Musa ukuchitha imali yakho.
Okokuqala, abayi kukuxelela nantoni na ongayifundiyo apha, funyanwa mahhala kwenye indawo kwi-intanethi, okanye kwincwadi oyifumayo kwilayibrari.
Okwesibini kubo bonke, kusekelwe kwisicatshulwa esithi "isayensi." Akukho bungqina bokuvavanya i-pH ye-mucus yakho yomlomo iya kukunceda unenkwenkwe okanye intombazana. I-sex-for-girl-or-girl (okanye inkwenkwe) into enokuxhatshazwa kakhulu. Kwaye akukho "magic" ukutya okanye amamenyu aza kuqinisekisa ukuba unenkwenkwe okanye intombazana.
Okwesithathu, xa kuziwa ekuzaliseni izixhobo, ungcono ekuthengiseni izithako .
Kwakhona ugcine engqondweni ukuba i-FDA ayiyikulawula i-supplement-ngoko-ke awukwazi nokuba udibaniso lwakho "lolutsha" luqulethe izinto abathethileyo eziqulethe, becinga ukuba baya kukuxelela oko kuqulethwe ngaphambi kokuthenga kwakho.
Ungaphinda uthenge iimvavanyo ezincinane zokuvota, iimvavanyo zokukhulelwa, kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-pH.
Ekugqibeleni, ezinye zalezi zizazi ziindawo ze-scam . Amanye asemthethweni, kodwa ambalwa amaziko okuphanga afuna ukutshintsha ulwazi lwekhadi lakho lesikweletu.
Ezi ziza zinokuqiniseka. Basenokuba nobungqina obuvuthayo. Nangona kunjalo, gcinani engqondweni, wazi njani ukuba abo bantu bangokoqobo? Kwaye kuthiwani ngabo bonke abazange bavuyiswe? Ngokukodwa xa ukupapashwa kushicilelwe yinkampani ngokwabo, aninayo indlela yokwazi ukuba zeziphi izifundo ongafundanga.
Baya kunika isiqinisekiso-mali, kodwa ngaba isiqinisekiso sabo siquka ukubuyisela imali yakho xa ungafumani inkwenkwe okanye intombazana enethemba? Akunakukuthembisa oku, ngoko uqaphele.
Kodwa Umhlobo wam Wenza i-XYZ kwaye wayenomfana / Intombazana
Kukho amaqela amaninzi aphumelele ngaphandle apho. Unokuzifumana kwiingqungquthela zesini kunye namaqela e-Facebook , okanye uzivalele kubahlobo abafungayo ngendlela ethile abazama ngayo. Unokufunda kwakhona ubungqina okanye ukuphononongwa kwiiwebhusayithi ezikhethiweyo zetekisi.
Nangona umntu esebenzisa indlela enesiseko senzululwazi, iimpawu zabo zokufumana isondo abayifunayo zihle kakhulu-malunga no-50-50! Njalo kuya kuba yinyani.
Ubungqina bokuba ngumntu ongekho ubungqina.
Kwakhona khumbula ukuba abantu banokubuyela kwakhona kwiforum, okanye bathumele ukuhlaziywa kwi-Amazon, ukuba baphumelele ngokusebenzisa indlela. Abo bangenayo into abayifunayo ngokuqhelekileyo baqhubela phambili. Abo bafumana le nkwenkwe (okanye intombazana) inokubuyela kwiqela leenkwenkwezi. Ba phu melele! Baya kuthi bazingcaphephe ngokwabo iingcali ngendlela onokufumana umntwana osweleyo.
Abo bangaphumeli banako ukubuyela kwakhona baxelele iindaba zabo. Basenokumangalelwa ngokungahambisani nezikhokelo ngokukhawuleza. Awufumani imbeko yokuba negalelo lempumelelo. Akukho nzuzo yokubika ukuba bayiphumelelanga kwiinjongo zabo.
Ukukhathazeka ngokuziphatha kunye nokuphikisana ngoKhetho lwezesondo
Ngelixa abanye oogqirha bathi inelungelo lokukhetha ukuba unayo inkwenkwe okanye intombazana (ngaphakathi kwesizathu) iwela kwinqanaba elibanzi lamalungelo okuzala, kungekhona wonke umntu uyavuma. Abazali abaninzi ngokufihlakeleyo okanye bafuna ngenqweno intombazana okanye inkwenkwana, kodwa kubonakala ngathi kukho umgca okhangekile xa kuthethwa ukuthatha amanyathelo okwenza eso sifiso sifumaneke.
Nazi ezinye zeengxoxo malunga nokukhethwa kwezesondo zangaphambili:
- Uphikisana nombono wobubele bomzali ongenasimo. Cinga malunga nawo wonke umama nonina owayenqwenela unomntwana wesondo esinye, kodwa unomnye, uya kukuxelela ukuba bayamthanda loo nto. Nangona kunjalo, omnye umbuzo ukuba ngaba ukhetho olunzulu ngaphambi kokukhulelwa lungaphazamisa uthando olungenammiselo.
- Kwangathi ingaqala ngokuthambeka kwintlambo "kubantwana abakhethiweyo." Abanye abaxhomekeke kwiimfundiso zokuziphatha baxhalabisa ukuba xa siqala ukuvumela abantu ukuba bakhethe ubulili bomntwana wabo, kuya kubakho abazali abazama ukukhetha ezinye iinkalo zobomi bomntwana. Le teknoloji ayikho ngoku, nangona kunjalo.
- Umngcipheko wemiphumo yomphakathi, ukuba isondo esinye sithandwa ngaphezu kwesinye. Kwiinkcubeko apho isondo esinye sithandwa kakhulu kwesinye, ukukwazi ukukhetha isondo somntwana kunokukhokelela ekungalinganisweni komyinge wesini. Le nto isele ingxaki e-China, apho abafana bathandwa ngaphezu kwamantombazana. Umlinganiselo wesiganeko sangoku kwandelwa ukuba ungama-113.5 amakhwenkwe kuwo onke amantombazana ayi-100. Imiba yokulingana ngokobulili kwimfundo nakweminye imimandla iphinde ihlupheke kakhulu kwiChina.
- Ingozi yomntwana engahlangabezananga nokulindela ngokwesini umzali. Umzali onqwenela ukuba nentombazana (okanye inkwenkwe) unokufumana iingcinga ezithile malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini intombazana (okanye inkwenkwana). Kuthekani ukuba umntwana akahlangabezane nalawo alindelekileyo? Oku kunokuba nemiphumo yengqondo kwaye kubangele iingxaki kumlwaneni nomntwana.
- Ukuchaswa kwezenkolo ukukhethwa kwangaphambili kwesondo. Ezinye iicawa zithintela ukuthatha naziphi na amanyathelo azama ukukhetha okanye ukulawula isondo sezingane zabo ezizayo. Naphezu kweenkolelo apho isondo esinye (ngokuqhelekileyo sisidoda) sithandwa ngaphezu kwesinye, ukuphazamisa "isicwangciso sikaThixo" kunokucatshulwa.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Abantu abaninzi banqwenela ngasese umntwana wesini esithile. Mhlawumbi bahlala bephupha ngokukhupha intombazana okanye inkwenkwana. Mhlawumbi bafuna ukukhulisa umntwana wesini ngesini. Le yiminqweno eqhelekileyo kwaye akukho nto ihlazo.
Nangona ezi zithemba, xa usana luzalwa, cishe malunga nomzali ngamnye uya kuthi bayathandana. Xa umntwana sele elapha, ubulili abuzange bubekho nto.
Kukho ubuchwepheshe obuthile bonyango obungakunceda ukuba ube nomntwana wesini esithile, kodwa kunokubiza kakhulu (njenge-IVF-PGD) okanye ayifumaneki e-USA (njenge-Microsort®). Kukho iintlobo zeendlela zokukhetha zesondo, "inqobo" eninzi, engenazo izenzululwazi okanye ukuma kwihlabathi elincinci. Ngelixa iindlela ezininzi zingenakubungozi, akuzona zonke ezo zingengozini. Thetha ugqirha wakho ukuze ukhokele.
> Imithombo:
> I-Cramer JS1, uLumey LH. "Ukutya kokuqala komama kunye nomlinganiselo wesondo. " Hum Biol . 2010 Feb; 82 (1): 103-7. i-doi: 10.3378 / 027.082.0106.
> Karabinus DS1, i-Marazzo DP, i-Stern HJ, i-Potter DA, i-Opanga CI, i-Cole ML, i-Johnson LA, i-Schulman JD. "Ukuphumelela kwe-cytometric ukuhlungulwa kwesidoda somntu (MicroSort®) ekuthintela isondo somntwana." I-Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014 uNgo-24; 12: 106. i-doi: 10.1186 / 1477-7827-12-106.
> Koh, JBY & Marcos. "Ukufunda nge-spermatozoa nokukhetha ngokuphathelele ukuveliswa komntu. " Microfluid Nanofluid (2015) 18: 755.
> Scarpa B1. "I-Bayesian Inference kwi-Predictors of Sex of the Baby. " Impilo Yengqesho Ngaphambili . 2016 ngoMeyi 24; 4: 102. i-doi: 10.3389 / fpubh.2016.00102. eCollection 2016.
> I-Noorlander AM1, i-Geraedts JP, i-Melissen JB. "Ukusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kwesini ngokwesini ngokutya komama ngokubambisana nexesha lokulala ngesini - umntu oza kufundelwa. " Ukuhlambalaza i-Offline Biomed Online . 2010 Dec; 21 (6): 794-802. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.rbmo.2010.08.002. Epub 2010 Agasti 31.
> Ukusetyenziswa kweTeknoloji yokuzalisa ukuThatyelwa kwezesondo ngezizathu ezingekho phantsi kwemiqathango. IKomiti yeKomiti yokuziphatha.
> Wena YA1,2, Kwon WS1, Saidur Rahman M1, Park YJ1, Kim YJ3, Pang MG1. "Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-chromosome yoxhatshalwano lwe-spermatozoa yabantu ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide. " Uhlambalaza . 2017 Juni 1; 32 (6): 1183-1191. i-doi: 10.1093 / i-humrep / dex080.