Kutheni kugxininisa izifundo ngaphezu kwentlalo yabantwana abaselula abakwenzi
Xa kuziwa kwizinto ezilindelekileyo ukusuka kubantwana abancinci nakwi-kindergarten namhlanje, inkcazelo efanelekileyo kakhulu ingaba kakhulu, kungekudala. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, umgangatho ocacileyo kwi-nursergart kunye nakwimfundo yasenkuludeni bekuye kuchitha ixesha elingaphezulu kwiimfundo kwiindleko zezinto ezifana nokuphuhlisa izakhono zentlalo kunye nemvakalelo ngokudlala ngaphandle kunye neminye imisebenzi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba inkulisa ibanga lokuqala lokuqala , kwaye abantwana abasenkuleni kunye nabantwana bokuqala esikolweni besikolo bafumana umsebenzi wesikolo ophezulu ngaphezu kokuba bafanele kwaye baziva bexinezelekile. Kodwa kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-10 ubudala nabantwana be-kindergarten-age-age, ukuxhuma ukuya kwizifundo ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha elingakumbi kwi-socialalization kufana nokubeka inqwelo phambi kwehashe.
Iimiphumo zoMsebenzi oMkhulu kunye neNcinane
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukudlala ngaphantsi kunye nokufunda okungakumbi kunokuthi bangene endleleni yezinye izingane zokufunda kunokuba bathuthukise izakhono zabo zezifundo, ngo-Oktobha, ngo-2016 isifundo ngabaphandi eManyunivesithi yaseMichigan State. Abantwana abaninzi abancinci abanako ukulungele ukuqonda izakhono ezifana nokuzilawula, ukuqinisa njengabantwana ukuphuhlisa uluntu kunye nemvakalelo, de kube bekhulile, kwibanga lokuqala okanye ngaphaya.
Ukugxininisa izifundo ekuphuhliseni izixhobo abantwana abazisebenzisayo ukuzisebenzisa ukulawula ukuzilawula kunokuthi bangabi nantoni-mveliso kuba uphando lubonise ukuba ukuzilawula komsebenzi kudibaniswa nempumelelo yezemfundo, izakhono zentlalo ezingcono, ukuphucula ulwimi kunye nokuphuhliswa kokubhala nokubhala, nezinye iziphumo ezilungileyo esikolweni nakubomi , utsho uRyan P. Bowles, u-PhD, uprofesa onxulumene neSebe loPhuhliso loLuntu kunye neNtsapho yeeNtsapho kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan State kunye nomnye wabalobi bokufunda. Ngamafutshane, ngelixa abanye abantwana bekwazi ukuzithiba, landela imiyalelo, kwaye ulungele ukufunda kwindawo yokufundela eklasini, abanye abanako ukuphuhlisa ezo zakhono kwiminyaka emva.
Oko iNzululwazi ithi
Abaphandi baseMichigan bahlola iinkcukacha ezivela kwizifundo ezintathu ezahlukileyo ezilinganisela ukuphuhliswa kolawulo lwabantwana abaselula phakathi kweminyaka eyi-3 no-7. Izifundo zivavanya abantwana abangama-1,386 abavela kwimvelaphi eyahlukileyo (i-socioeconomic, uhlanga, njl. ukuzilawula, okwakulinganiswa ngokubacela ukuba benze okuchasene noko imiyalelo ekuthiwa "iNtloko, iiNtshontsho, amaKnees, namaPahla" umdlalo. (Ukuba babetshelwe ukuba baphathe intloko yabo, ngokomzekelo, babefanele bathebe iinzwane zabo endaweni yoko, njalo njalo.) Lo msebenzi walinganisa izakhono ezininzi ezibandakanya umgaqo-nkqubo wokuzilawula, kuquka ukukwazi ukuyeka isenzo ofuna ukuyenza landela u myalelo; ukukhumbula; kunye nokukwazi ukugcina ingqalelo, ukugcina loo ngqalelo, kwaye uqaphele.
Iziphumo zacaca kwaye zihambelana: Nangona ezinye iintsapho ezikolweni zokufundela kunye neenkulisa zazisendleleni yokuzilawula, ezinye zacaca zilungele. Abantwana bawa kwelinye lamaqela amathathu, utsho uDkt. Bowles: abathuthuli bokuqala (abo babekwazi ukulandela imiyalelo kwaye bekulungele ukufunda eklasini); Abaphuhlisi abaphakathi (abo baqalisa ukukhawuleza kodwa beba ngcono kwi-self-regulation by kinderggaten); kunye nabathuthuli bexesha elizayo (abantwana ababenzima ngokwenene kwaye abanokukwazi ukuzilawula bafumana indlela yokuzuza izakhono zemfundo). "Iziphumo zaphindaphindiwe kuzo zonke izifundo ezintathu ezihlukeneyo," kusho uDkt. Bowles. "Kwakunomdla."
Umyalezo wokuThabatha
Ngoko oko kuthetha ntoni kubazali? Kukho imilayezo ebalulekileyo yokuthabatha kule ngxelo ebalulekileyo ukuba abazali bezingane ezincinci bafanele bakhumbule:
- Isikolo samabanga aphezulu, kunye neenkulisa, esetyenziselwa ukuba yindawo apho abantwana bebenzisana noontanga kunye nootitshala njengoko bahlakulela izakhono zentlalo nezengqondo. Ngoku ngoku kugxininisa ngakumbi kwimfundo, kukho ixesha elincinane kunye nemigudu echithwe ekukhuthazeni ezo zakhono.
- Akunabo bonke abantwana abafana, kwaye abanye abantwana abakulungele ukuzimela. Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba ininzi yesibini yabantwana ekufundweni ayibonakali ukuba yiyo yokuziphatha ngokwabo ekufundiseni.
- Ukugxotha abafundi kwiminyaka yokuqala kuthetha ukuba abantwana abaninzi abanakukwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngokunjalo oko kufundiswayo. Nangona kungekho nto ephosakeleyo ngokufundisa abantwana abancinci ABC kunye namanani, elindele ukuba bonke babe nemvakalelo kunye nentlalo ekulungele ukuhambelana nokusekwa kwamagumbi okufundela amaqabane amaninzi ekubanda. Iincwadi, ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye nezibalo kufuneka zilungelelanise nexesha lokudlala kunye noluntu.
- Abazali banokwenza inxaxheba yabo ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha kokuziphatha kwabo kubantwana ngokubonisa abantwana babo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zentlalo ezinjengeemidlalo zokudlala kunye nabahlobo, ukuhamba kwiimyuziyam okanye ezinye izicwangciso zemfundo nabanye abazali kunye nezingane, kunye nexesha losapho.
Abazali banokukhuthaza abantwana ukuba babonise imbeko kunye nobubele xa bethetha nabanye, bonise abantwana ukuba bancedise njani kwaye bazinikele ngokuzithandela njengoko bahlala kunye, bafunde ukubaluleka kovelwano . Bayayeka ukuziphatha kakubi xa bebona kwaye basebenze nabantwana babo ukuze bafumane iindlela ezintle zokusingatha ukuphazamiseka okanye izithintelo. Kwaye banokukhuthaza abantwana babo ukuba baxoxe ngexesha lokutya kunye nokufunda izakhono ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokufunda ukulinda ithuba lokuthetha, ukuphulaphula abanye, kwaye xa bengavumelani, ukwenza njalo ngenhlonipho.