Kwiminyaka emva nje ibone ukunyuka kwezikolo zokucwiliswa kwamanye amazwe, apho abafundi bafundiswa ulwimi lwesibini njengenxalenye yekharityhulam yesikolo rhoqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinjongo kukuba abafundi baya kuba ziincinco zentetho zolwimi oluqhelekileyo kuluntu lwabo (ngokuqhelekileyo isiNgesi eMelika) kunye nolwimi olukhethiweyo lwesikolo.
Ziziphi iZikolo zoKuNgelwa kweelwimi zangaphandle?
Izikolo zokucwiliswa kweelwimi zangaphandle zihlala zikolo zikarhulumente ezikhethiweyo .
Ezi zikolo zinokuthandwa kakhulu ngabazali, kwaye zinezintlu zokulinda kunye neelotto zokuchonga ukuba zeziphi abantwana abangeniswa esikolweni. Ezi zikolo ezisoloko zifunwa ngabazali.
Ezinye izithili zesikolo ziye zanyula ukwenza isikolo sendawo esesidlangalaleni isikolo sokucwiliswa kolwimi. Kule meko, bonke abantwana abahlala ngaphakathi kwemida yesikolo bangaya esikolweni. Ukuba isikolo sakho sendawo sisikolo sokucwiliswa kweelwimi, unokuba noxhalaba ngakumbi malunga noku kukhetha okulungileyo kumntwana wakho. Ukuba awuzange wenze ukhetho lomntwana wakho ukuba abuyele kwesi sikolo ngokuzifumana ngenjongo yokuhlala ekhaya, unokuzibuza ukuba zeziphi iinzuzo zesikolo sokumisela ulwimi.
Olunye uhlobo lwesikolo lokuhlanza ulwimi loluntu lusetyenziselwa ukugcina inkcubeko yendawo. Ezi zikolo zikhoyo emhlabeni jikelele. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zezikolo zenkcubeko yeGaelic e-Ireland, izikolo zesikolo zaseMaori eNew Zealand kunye nezikolo zaseMerika nase-Alaska zaseNative ezikuyo yonke indawo yaseMerika yaseMerika.
Ezi zikolo zihlala zifumana inkxaso eninzi yoluntu.
Izibonelelo zibonakala zibonakala kumalungu ala macandelo, kodwa azinakucaca kubazali babantwana abangengamalungu enkcubeko kwaye abacwangcanga ukuhlala ngokusisigxina phakathi kwenkcubeko yendawo.
Ngaba Ngaba abantwana ababini bafumana inzuzo?
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini kuya kwenza umntwana wakho aqaphele ngezinye iindlela.
Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-Bilingual Benevantage Hypothesis. Inyaniso kukuba uphando lwezesayensi aluxhasi ngokucacileyo imbono.
Ubungqina buxutywe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ubungqina obubonisa ukuba abantwana abancinci akukho ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuxhasa le ngcamango, "utshilo uDkt. Erik Pakulak, umphandi we-neuroscience kwi-University of Oregon Brain Development Lab. UDkt. Pakulak uthe kwakhona "Ndingathanda ukujika ngokukhawuleza ndithi kukho ezinye ezininzi izizathu ezilungileyo, zombini ngokwesayensi nangokwemveli, ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini ngokukhawuleza, ukuba oku akuthethi ukuba akufanele ucinge kwisikolo sokubhaptiza. "
Ziziphi ezinye iingenelo ezinokuthi zenze iSikole sokuGcwina?
Ihlabathi lethu lihlala liguquka. Ukwandiswa kwehlabathi kunye nokukhululeka esinokukunxibelelana namhlanje kuya kubakho kwixesha elizayo apho uxolelwano lwentlalo luya kwandisa. Ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini nokufunda enye inkcubeko ubunzulu kunokubonelela ngezakhono ezifanelekileyo emsebenzini.
Amashishini aya kufuna abaqeshwa abangayiqondi kuphela ulwimi lweemarike kodwa nendlela inkcubeko izakuchaphazela ngayo imfuno yemveliso okanye inkonzo. Abasebenzi abaqeshwe kwicandelo lezonyango baya kufuneka bakwazi ukunxibelelana nabahambi okanye abantu abasandul 'ukufika kweli hlanga.
Abaphandi baya kufuna ukusebenzisana nabalingani babo bezinye iintlanga.
Abantwana abafunda ngezinye iinkcubeko banako ukuhlakulela abanye ububele. Ukufunda ngenye inkcubeko kubonelela ngefestile indlela abanye abajonga ngayo kwaye baxhamle nehlabathi elibangqongileyo. Umntwana wakho uya kufunda ukuba abanye abantu banokubambisana nehlabathi ngokuhlukileyo. Olu lwazi lunokunceda umntwana wakho ukuba ahluke ukungafani phakathi kwabantu.
Ukukwazi ulwimi lwesibini kunokukwazi ukuzithemba umntwana. Ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini yikhono elithatha ixesha elide kunye nokusebenza. Abantwana abafumana ukuzuza ekusebenziseni ixesha kunye nomgudu wokuqonda isakhono sokukhula kwengqondo , okudala ukuqina.
Ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini kwixesha elide kunokwenzeka liza kunika umntwana wakho ithuba elihle ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda nokuthetha okufana noluntu. Uphando luye lwabonisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ngaphambili umntwana uqaliswa ngolwimi, mhlawumbi umntwana uya kuba nokunciphisa ukunyameka kwawo kwaye afunde ubuqili beelwimi lwesibini.
Kuthiwani Ukuba Umntwana Wakho Unemfuno Ekhethekileyo okanye Eyodwa?
Ukuba umntwana wakho unesidingo esikhethekileyo okanye ukhubaze ukufunda, unokuzibuza ukuba isikolo sokuntyingiswa kolwimi sinjani kubo. Nangona umntwana ngamnye ehlukile, nantsi ezinye iingxaki kumingeni ehlukeneyo:
- Imiba yokuthetha : Uhlolo lophando lwe-2010 olupapashwe kwi- Journal of Applied Psycholinguistics lubonisa ukuba abantwana abanamava okuthetha nokukhubazeka kwamagama amanqanaba afanayo okuphumelela njengabantwana abaqhelekileyo kwizikolo zokucwiliswa kweelwimi.
- Imiba yokuva: Ngaba umntwana wakho uya kukwazi ukuvahluko phakathi kolwimi lwabo lokuqala nolwesibini? Ukukwazi ukwahlula izandi kunye neengcamango phakathi kweelwimi zidla ngokubaluleka ekubeni yielwimi ezininzi. Unokuba unqwenela ukuthetha neengcali zengane yakho ukuze ufumane ingqiqo okanye uphakamise ukuguqulwa okuza kuxhasa umntwana wakho kwisikolo sobini.
- Imiba yomsebenzi ophezulu : Ucwaningo oluninzi luye lwaphakamisa ukuba abantwana ababini beelwimi baphuculo olusebenzayo. Oku kuya kubonisa ukuba abantwana abanemibandela eqhubayo yokusebenza banokuzuza ngokufunda ulwimi lwesibini njengendlela yokwakha kwizakhono zokusebenza ezilawulayo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokucwina ingabonakalisa ingxaki kwabanye abantwana abane-ADHD okanye ezinye izinto ezilawulayo zokusebenza. Unokufuna ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nesikolo kunye nendlela abaza kuhlangabezana ngayo neemfuno ezithile zomntwana wakho .
- Abafundi beeNgesi Abafundi : Idatha echazwe nguJennifer Steele kwi-American Educational Research Journal ibonisa ukuba abantwana beeNgesi uLwimi lwabafundi abaya kwisikolo sobini beelwimi babengenakwenzeka ukuba babekwe njengesiNgesi uLwimi lwabaFundi ngamabanga ebanga eliphakathi. Le ntlawulo yayidluliselwa ngakumbi kubantwana abakho ulwimi lwabo lwasekhaya lwalukho ulwimi lwesibili olunikezwa esikolweni. Oko oku kuphakamisa ukuba ukukhupha isikolo kunokunceda kubantwana abafunda isiNgesi njengesibili-okanye nolwimi lwesithathu.
Mayelana ne-IEPs kunye ne-504 IziCwangciso kwiZikolo zokuGxiliswa
Zonke izithili zesikolo ezixhaswa ngemali kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zemfundo zabafundi abanee-IEPs kunye neeplani ezingama-504, ngokwemithetho yomthetho. Isikolo sokucwiliswa kolwimi siya kunika iinkonzo kunye nokuhlala kwezinye iimfuno ezizodwa. Ukuba unomdla wokuba umntwana wakho onesi-IEP okanye 504 abe khona kwisikolo sokucwiliswa kolwimi, uya kufuna ukuhlangana nabasebenzi besikolo ukufumanisa indlela isikolo esinokuhlangabezana ngayo neemfuno zomntwana wakho. Zininzi izikolo zikarhulumente ezikhethiweyo ziyakwazi ukwabelana ngezibonelelo kwisithili sekhaya ukuba zilungiselele abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa.
Izikolo zolwimi ezimbini ezizimeleyo azikho uxanduva lokusemthethweni ukuxhasa okanye ukufumana abafundi abaneemfuno ezizodwa. Ezinye izikolo ezizimeleyo zikhetha ukubonelela ngezi nkonzo, okanye ziyakwazi ukujongana nemfuno ethile. Uya kufuna ukufumana ukuba umntwana wakho uyakufanelekela ukungeniswa kunye nendlela iimfuno zabo eziza kudibana ngayo esikolweni.
Ukuba iSikolo soLwimi asilolo olukhethileyo, Ziziphi ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo?
Ukuba unquma ukuba isikolo sokucwiliswa kweelwimi ezimbini asiyiyo into enhle kumntwana wakho, kodwa uya kuthanda iintlawulo ezivela ekufundeni ulwimi lwesibini, unokhetho olungakumbi:
- Khangela inkcubeko neenkcubeko zolwimi kunye neeklabhu kwingingqi yakho.
- Hlola iinkqubo zokufunda zeelwimi ezinjengeDuolingo okanye iilwimi zeM Mango.
- Funda ulwimi lwesibili ngokwakho, kwaye wabelane ngalo nomntwana wakho ekhaya.
- Jonga iinkqubo zethelevishini zabantwana ezilwimi olunye. Ngokomzekelo, iinguqu ezininzi zeelwimi zangaphandle zeSesame Street zifumaneka ukuba zibukele kwi-intanethi kwi-intanethi. Khangela ulwimi olukhethiweyo kunye ne "iStame Street" ukufumana iziqephu.
Ukufumana Iziphumo Ezingcono KwiSikolo Sokucwiliswa
Umntwana wakho uya kufumana iinqununu ezivela kwisikolo sokucwiliswa kolwimi abaselula. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba nabafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kunye nabantu abadala bayazuza ngokufundiswa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba isikolo sokucwiliswa kolwimi lukhethekileyo kumntwana wakho, zikhululeke ukubhalisa ngexesha lokuqala.
Khumbula ukuba uxhasane nokufunda kweelwimi ezimbini zomntwana. Akudingeki ukuba ube nolwimi olulungileyo ngokwakho ukudala indawo efanelekileyo yokufunda ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini. Bonisa umdla obumnandi kwizinto umntwana wakho azifundayo kwaye ukhuthaze umntwana wakho ukuba abelane nawe ngosuku lwabo lwesikolo.
Izikolo ezininzi zokucwiliswa kweelwimi zinika abazali ulwazi ngeendlela zokuxhasa ukufunda ulwimi ekhaya. Ukuya kwiinkcukacha zobusuku boomzali kunye nemisebenzi yenkcubeko yeentsapho ezigcinwe esikolweni kuya kukunceda ufunde ukubonelela ngenkxaso engcono kumntwana wakho.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izikolo zokucwiliswa kolwimi ziya kwenza abazali bazi ngeemeko zentlalo ezinokuphucula ulwazi lweelwimi lwesibini. Ngokomzekelo, kukho umcimbi wenkcubeko enxulumene noluntu olukufuphi ukuba usapho lwakho lunokuya khona. Indawo yokudlela yasekuhlaleni inokubonelela ngokutya kwezithethe kunye nabasebenzi abathetha ulwimi lwesibini. Ootitshala benomntwana bakho banokuphinda bacebise ama-movie, iincwadi, kunye nezinye iindaba abahlala nazo kunye nentsapho.
Igama elivela kwi-Verywell
Ukuba nomntwana obhalise kwinkqubo yeelwimi ezimbini kunokufuna ukuzibophelela kwintsapho yonke ukubonelela ngenkxaso efanelekileyo yesikolo. Ngethamsanqa, unako ukufumana iintlawulo ngelixa uxhasa umntwana wakho. Ngeke kuphela ufumane ukwabelana ngemfundo yengane yakho, unokufunda ulwimi olutsha kunye nenkcubeko. Izikolo zokucwiliswa kweelwimi zihlala zineendawo ezibazali abazinzileyo ukuba unokuba yinxalenye.
> Bialystok E. IsiBilingualism ekuphuhlisweni: uLwimi, ukufunda nokubhala. ENew York: iChamridge University Press; 2001.
> Carlson, uStephanie M., noAndrew N. Meltzoff. " Amava amabini kunye nokusebenza okulawulayo kubantwana abancinci." INzululwazi yophuhliso 11.2 (2008): 282-98.
> Duñabeitia JA, Hernández JA, Eneko A, et al. "I-Benehibitory Benefage in Children's Bilingual Revisited." Iingcali zengqondo 61.3 (2014): 234-51. KwiWebhu.
> IPadadis J, " Isibonisi phakathi kokuphuhliswa kweelwimi ezimbini kunye nokukhubazeka kweelwimi ezithile ." I-Applied Psycholinguistics 31.02 (2010): 227. IWebhu.