Ngaba abantwana abahambahambayo bayonwabile? Kuqiniseke.
Ngaba ziyingozi? Uyabheja.
Ngaba Abantwana Bahamba Ngokhuseleko?
Abantwana abahamba ngefowuni bazinqabile.
Ukongezelela ukuwa phantsi kwezitebhisi uze uwele kumntwana ohamba naye, iintsana ezininzi zenzakala ngamnye kunyaka njengoko umntwana wabo ohambahambayo ohambahambayo wenza ukuba iselula kakhulu. Oku kunceda bafike kwizinto ezingenakufikelela. Ngokomzekelo, banokukwazi ukufikelela kuma-countertops kwaye batshiswe okanye babetshelelwe izinto abatshulayo phantsi, badonse ngokuwa edibini, kwindawo yokuhlamba, okanye kwindlu yangasese, okanye baveze nje iminwe yabo kunye neenzwane ukuba baxineke.
Inani lokulimala ukusuka kubantwana abahambahambayo lakhokelela urhulumente waseCanada ukuba avalwe 'ukuthengiswa, ukupapashwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwabantwana abahamba eCanada' ngo-2004.
Nangona abazange baphumelele, i-American Academy ye-Pediatrics ikhuthaza urhulumente wase-US ukuba enze okufanayo. Kunoko, iKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi iye yakhuthaza imigangatho emitsha yokukhusela abantwana abahambahambayo ekufuneka baholele ekubaleni kwezinto ezincinci, ngokukodwa ekuwa.
Ngaba loo migaqo migaqo yokhuseleko isebenza? Ngethemba, banceda ukugcina abantwana bekhuselekile, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo abazange baqede ukulimala kwabantwana.
Iingozi Zangoku
Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge umntwana okanye uhambahamba umntwana, qwa lasela izingozi kunye neentlekele ezibandakanya abantwana abahambahambayo:
- Umntwana oneminyaka engama-9 ubudala owafa emva kokuwa phantsi kwezitebhisi zokuhamba kwakhe umntwana. (2001)
- Uneminyaka eyi-11 ubudala owafa emva kokuwa phantsi kwezitebhisi ezikhokelela endlwini yakhe yokuhlala. (2001)
- I-Aa-inyanga eneminyaka engama-7 ubudala owafa emva kokuba umkhonkxa wakhe ubanjwe kwi-walker yakhe yomntwana waza waphaxeka. (2002)
- Umntwana oneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala owafa emva kokubetha intloko emva kokuwa e-baby walker. (2003)
- Umntwana oneminyaka eyi-11 ubudala owafa emva kokuba ephakame emntwaneni wakhe ohamba naye waza wambamba isitulo esinzima phezu kwakhe, ebetha intloko waza wabuyisela intloko yakhe ngasemva kwaye wenza ukuba umhambi ahambe. (2004)
- Umntu oneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala owafa emva kokutsala intambo yombane okhe wathatha umpheki ophuzileyo ozele ngamanzi ashushu kunye neembotyi zokupheka phezu kwakhe, obangela ukutshisa okukhulu kumlilo kwi-38% yomzimba wakhe. (2004)
- Umntwana oneminyaka engama-9 ubudala owafa emva kokusebenzisa umntwana wakhe ohambahambayo ukuze afike echibini lokubhukuda losapho aze afike angene. (2005)
- Umntwana oneminyaka eyi-10 owafa emva kokuwa phantsi kwezitebhisi. (2006)
- Umntwana oneminyaka engama-7 ubudala owafa emva kokuba umntwana wakhe ohambahamba ehamba phantsi kwinqwelo kwaye wahlaselwa yilori. (2006)
- Umntwana oneminyaka eyi-12 ubudala owafa - wafunyanwa ephantsi kwebhodi lokubhukuda elisezantsi. (2007)
- Umntwana oneminyaka engama-12 ubudala owafa emva kokungenisa ikhilimu ye-glass etching (i-asidi eqinile) eyayiwele kwi-tray ye-baby walker. (2008)
- Umntwana oneminyaka engama-12 ubudala owafa emva kokuwa komntwana wakhe ohamba naye emanzini angena kwindlu yokubhukuda yasemva kwendlu, egxininisa intloko kwaye emenza amise. (2009)
Kwaye kukho ukuqhubeka nokulimala okungabhubhi okubandakanya abahambahamba abantwana:
- Uneminyaka engama-8 ubudala owaphuhlisa i-hematoma emva kokuwa nokushaya intloko (2013)
- Umntu oneminyaka eyi-15 ubudala ophuhlise intsimbi yesisu emva kokuba umlenze wakhe ubanjwe into ethile (2013)
- Umntwana oneminyaka eyi-8 owashisa umlenze wakhe emva kokutshiza i-tea elishisayo yonina (2013)
- Umntwana oneminyaka engu-8 ubudala obanjwe yintlungu emva kokuwa kwamanqanaba angama-14 (ngo-2013)
- Umntwana oneminyaka eli-12 ubudala oye wahlulwa yintwaza emva kokuba umntwana wakhe ehambahamba (2013)
- Umntwana oneminyaka eyi-8 ubudala obethusayo ebusweni bakhe, iingalo kunye namathanga emva kwepaji yegrisi enomama ayephetheyo (2014)
Akumangalisi ukuba oku kuluhlobo oluthile lokulimala ukuba iingcali zezokhuseleko zilumkisa ngazo.
Ubuncinane abantwana abangama-12 kunye nabantwana abaswele bafa kwi-infant walkers ukususela ngo-1999. Ingaba umntwana wakho ufuna ngempela umntwana ohambahambayo oselula?
Iinkonzo
Abantwana abahambahambayo bayonwabile kwaye banokugcina umntwana wakho ehambele.
Umxhasi
Abantwana abahambahambayo abayena mntwana kufuneka babe nemveliso yokuba abazali abaninzi bacinga ukuba kunjalo, nangona kunjalo.
Iingxabano malunga nabantwana abahamba phambili zibandakanya ukhuseleko lwabantwana :
- Abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-14 000 abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-15 kufuneka baye kwigumbi lexakeka ngenxa yokulimala okunxulumene nokusebenzisa umntwana ohambahambayo unyaka ngamnye
- Abantwana abangama-34 bafa ngokusebenzisa umntwana ohambahamba phakathi kowe-1973 no-1998
- nangemigaqo emitsha yokukhusela ngokuzithandela, abantwana bayaqhubeka benzakaliswa bebenzisa abantwana abahambahambayo, nangona xa begadiwe
Ngokungafaniyo nabazali abaninzi bakholelwa, ukusebenzisa i-walker baby walker akunakukunceda umntwana wakho afunde ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, kunokulibazisa ukuphuhliswa komntwana wakho.
Apho ibeka khona
Abahambahambayo abatsha abahlangabeza imigangatho yokuzithandela yamaJunile Manufacturers Association (JPMA) (1997), kuquka ukuphakama kakhulu ukuba bangene kumnyango oqhelekileyo, okanye abaneempawu, ezinjengeendlela zokubamba, ukumisa umhambi ekupheleni kwinqanaba, zikhuselekile kunokuba zikhulile, kodwa zisengumthombo wokulimala kwabantwana.
Abantwana abahambahambayo kufuneka ngoku bahambisane nemigangatho ye-ASTM yokuhamba kwabantwana kunye neemfuneko ezongezelelweyo zoMthetho woPhuculo loKhuseleko lweMveliso kaThengi ka-2008. Le migangatho inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abahambahamba ngabantwana abahambahambayo abanakho ukukhokela, abayi kululeka, kwaye ukuthintela iintsana ukuba zingabikho emvulekweni, kunye nokunye.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga umntwana ohambahambayo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngelixa i-CPSC ithi "kukho ubuncinane abakhiqizi okanye abathumeli abaxhamli be-United States," abayikholelwa ukuba abavelisi belizwe langaphandle nabangenise ngaphakathi ukwenza abahambahambayo abahambelanayo nomgangatho wokuzithandela. "
Abazali bafanele baqonde ukuba amaziko okusebenza asemgangathweni ayilungele ukuhamba nabahambahambayo.
Ukuba usebenzisa i-mobile walker malunga neengcebiso ze-American Academy of Pediatrics, abazali kufuneka bathenge enye ehlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko lwangoku kwaye ilandele iziphakamiso zoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi kwaye:
- Vala umnyango okanye isango phezulu kwezitepsi
- Gcina abantwana ngombono
- Gcina abantwana besuka kwiindawo ezishisayo kunye nezitya
- Qaphela ukukhwela kweetambo zokusetyenziswa
- Gcina abantwana bengena ngasese, emachibini okubhukuda kunye nemithombo yamanzi
Ukususela kuma-75 ekhulwini okulimala ahlobene nokuwa phantsi kwezitebhisi, ngaphezu kweengcebiso ezi ngasentla, ungasebenzisi umntwana ohambahamba eduze kwezitepisi, nokuba unesango kwizitepsi.
Ingxelo kaDkt Iannelli kwi-Mobile Baby Walkers
Ngelixa ndide ndincinciwe kwithuba elidlulileyo ngokuvumelana nesinconywa se-American Academy of Pediatrics "ukuvinjelwa ekuveliseni nasekuthengisweni kwabaselula abahambahambayo," ngoku ndiyavuma "kuba idatha ibonisa umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba ukulimala kancinci kunye nokufa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwabahambahambayo, kwaye kuba kungekho nzuzo ecacileyo ekusebenziseni kwabo. "
Amamawele ami asetyenziswayo, ayonwabile, kwaye awazange aphumele ematyeni abo abahambahambayo. Ngevoti yabo nokuba ingabavali ukuhamba nabantwana, i-CPSC yathi inxalenye yesithathu yokonzakala "yayinzima kakhulu" kunokulimala kancinci kwaye 'yayifana neyayiphi na imveliso yemveliso yabantwana, njengama-cribs, ama-playpens , izitulo eziphezulu, kunye neetafile ezitshintshayo.
Sekunjalo, asinakuyenza ngaphandle kwezikhulo kunye nezihlalo ze-highchairs kwaye siyaqhubeka sisebenzela ukwenza ezo mveliso zikhuselekile. Umntu ohambahambayo weselula akayimfuneko kwaye uyatshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nesikhungo somsebenzi esesikhundleni.
Ndiyavuma ukuba kufuneka bavinjelwe kwaye abazali abafanele bazithengi ngelixa beqhubeka bathengiswa.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics Policy Statement. Ukulimala okunxulumene nabahamba ngeintsana. Izifo zengqondo Vol. 108 No. 3 Septemba 1, 2001. iphe. 790 -792
> IKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi. Umgangatho woKhuseleko lwabaMntwana abancinci. Umthetho wokugqibela. 2010.
> IKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi. Inkqubo yokuHlola i-Electronic Intelligence Surveillance System (NEISS).
> Siegel, Andrea C. Iimpawu zabantwana abahamba ngeeMoto kunye noPhuhliso lwengqondo kwiintsana zabantu. Umbhalo woPhuhliso lwezoPhuhliso kunye noPhulo lweMpilo: Oktobha 1999. Umqulu 20 - Isiqendu 5. 355-361