Kutheni Iintlungu ZamaDizygotic Zenzeka kwaye Ziziphi Eziqhelekileyo?
I-Dizygotic ithetha ezimbini (di) amaqanda anonyolo ( zygotes ). Amawele e-Dizygotic ayenzeka xa amaqanda amabini ehlonywa ngamabini ahlukeneyo. Amawele e-Dizygotic ayaziwa nangokuthiwa ngamawele angamaqabane okanye angafani. Ziyinto eqhelekileyo yeewele.
Ngokungafani namawele e-monozygotic (awaziwayo njengamawele afanayo), amawele e-dizygotic awanalo iifane ezifanayo. Amawele e-Monozygotic abelana ngeepesenti ezingama-100 zesinye isini.
Amawele e-Dizygotic abelana kuphela ngama-50 ekhulwini. Oku kufana nokufana kofuzo olufumaneka phakathi kwabantwana bakowenu abakhulelweyo baza bazalwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.
Kutheni Umntu Omnye Unokuba Neengxaki Zama-Dizygotic?
Amawele e-Dizygotic ayenzeka ukuba ii-oocyte ezimbini (iiqanda) zikhutshwa ngomjikelezo omnye. Ukuba ngamnye utyalwa, amawele angama-dizygotic angabangela.
Ngexesha lokunyanga kwe-IVF , ukuba iimbumba ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zihanjiswa, unokukhulelwa ngamawele (okanye ngaphezulu.)
Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinobungozi yinto eqhelekileyo yeziwele ze-dizygotic. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiyiphi imichiza okanye unyango lwezityalo, isisombululo sakho sokukhulelwa ngamawele xa uthabatha izidakamizwa zonyango phakathi kwama-5 no-30 ekhulwini.
Iimpawu ezifana ne- Clomid kunye neenkqubo zokuzala ezifana ne- IUI kunye ne- IVF zinoxanduva loluninzi lwabazali ababelekileyo e-United States.
Kodwa iziyobisi zonyango azikho kuphela ezibangelwa amawele angama-dizygotic. Ingxaki yakho yokukhulelwa ngamawele ingaba phezulu xa:
- Unina uneminyaka engama-30 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu
- Unina umude kunomyinge
- Unembali yentsapho yamawele
- Ukhuluphele
- UngumAfrika-waseMerika
Nantsi ingcaciso engakumbi kwiingxaki zakho zokukhulelwa ngamawele:
- Yintoni eyandisa amathuba akho amawele
- Imibuzo: Ngaba Ngaba Ukholo Lwenu Lokufumana Iimbini Eziphezulu Kuninzi?
Yiyiphi indawo kunye nobuhlanga obusenzayo ngamaxhoba akho
Iingxaki zamapasa zichaphazeleka kakhulu ngokobuzwe kunye nokuba kwindawo.
Abo bantu bobuhlanga baseAfrika banamathuba amawele, ngelixa amaAsia angenakuncinane. Abantu baseYurophu bewela phakathi.
Nangona kunjalo, nangaphandle kwezi nkalo ezibanzi, kunokubanakwahlukana kakhulu.
Umzekelo...
- EUnited States, amaxabiso okuwahluza ngo-2003 atholakala ukuba anama-15.8 kwi-1 000 yokukhulelwa. Kwi-Caucasian yaseMerika, izinga lalingama-15.7 ngonyaka, ngelixa kwabamnyama baseMelika, bekuphakamileyo kwi-17.2 ngonyaka.
- EYurophu, izinga lokwahlula ngo-2003 lalingama-16.4 ngokuzalwa kwabangu-1 000. E-Luxembourg nasePortugal, izinga lokuguqa lali-11 kwi-1,000. Thelekisa loo maxabiso ejubane eDenmark, eGreece naseNetherlands apho bekuyi-20 ngokuzalwa kwabangu-1,000-phantse kabini.
- IGiigeria inezinga eliphezulu lokupasa i-twinning rate, kunye nezinga elipheleleyo lokuhlaziya i-dizygotic ye-40 ngokuzalwa kwabantwana abayi-1 000. Sekunjalo, ukuhlukahluka kufumaneka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. KwiNtshona naseNtshonalanga yeNigeria, amaxabiso okuguqa aphakathi kwama-33 ukuya ku-66.5 ngokuzalwa kwaba-1 000. KwiNothern Nigeria, amaxabiso ayenama-19.4 nge-1,000 kumaqela athile.
Ezi zintlukwano zifumaneka kwiintlobo ze-dizygotic. Kodwa le ntlukwano ngommandla kunye nobuhlanga ayitholakali kumawele angama-monozygotic, okanye amawele afanayo. Izinga lamawele afanayo zihlala zihlala zihlala kuyo yonke imimandla, zivela malunga ne-4 ngokukhulelwa oku-1 000.
Iintlobo zeeDyzygotic kunye neSini
Ngaba uya kuba neentombi zamantombazana, amawele amakhwenkwe namakhwenkwe?
Nazi iziphumo zakho:
- Amawele amantombazana amantombazana angowona hlobo oluqhelekileyo lwamawele angama-dizygotic, afikelela kuma-50 ekhulwini kwexesha.
- Amawele amantombazana amantombazana ayenzeka kwesi sibini.
- Amamawele amakhwenkwe amakhwenkwe ayencinci.
Amadodakazi e-Dizygotic kunye ne-Amniotic Sacs kunye ne-Placentas
Amawele e-Dizygotic ayenamatholo ahlukeneyo amniotic kunye nama-placentas. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-dichorionic-diamniotic. (Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-Di-di ngethuba elifutshane.)
Le yinto eqhelekileyo yokumisela amawele e-dizygotic. Amawele e-di-di anokufumana ingozi yokukhulelwa ephantsi.
Kukho amaxesha ambalwa angamaqhekeza amawele angama-dizygotic abelana nge-placenta eyodwa. Kule meko, ngamnye unalo isanti sakhe se-amniotic. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-monochorionic-diamniotic (Mo-Di ngefutshane).
Ingozi iphezulu kumawele ekwabelana nge-placenta, ngenxa yomngcipheko we- twin-to-twin syndrome . Ukukhulelwa kungaqwalaselwa ngokuthe ngqo.
Ngenxa yokuba i-placentas emibini ingakwazi ukuxhamla kwixesha, kunokuba nzima ukuchonga nge-ultrasound ingaba kukho i-placentas ezimbini okanye enye emva kokukhulelwa.
Ngesi sizathu, ugqirha wakho unokuthumela i-ultrasound ngasekupheleni kwekota yokuqala, xa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ubone ukuhlukana kwamaplascenta amabini.
Ukunciphisa Ubungozi Bakho Bamawele Xa Usebenzisa Imithi Yonyango
Kuye kwanda ukwanda kwe-dizygotic kumazwe athuthukileyo kuwo wonke umhlaba, kwaye oku kuninzi kwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwonyango. Kwiminyaka embalwa, ama-twin amazinga ayenyuka kwaye aphakanyisiwe, de kube kunyaka ka-2000, xa amaxabiso ekugqibeleni aqala ukuhla.
Bafikelela kwinqophiso kwaye baqala ukuhla ngoba njengoko iteknoloji yokwelapha inzala iqhubile phambili, iingcali zezityalo zithole iindlela zokunciphisa inani lokukhulelwa okubanzi. Injongo yokunyanga intswela-ntsholongwane kufuneka ibe ngumntwana omnye onempilo, enye ngexesha.
Akunakwenzeka ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ingozi yamawele ngexesha lokunyanga, kodwa kukho iindlela ezimbalwa ezikhoyo.
Ukusebenzisa i-dose esebenzayo ephantsi yokunonyango : Ulungelelaniso oluphezulu lweamawele lwenzeka ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinobungozi (i-gonadotropins) kunye neentlobano zesini ezilalisiweyo ngexesha okanye ukusabalalisa. Akukho mlawuli malunga nokuba zininzi iintolisi zingahlakulela okanye zizaliswe.
Nangona kunjalo, xa oogqirha basebenzisa imishanguzo yokwanela ngokwaneleyo ukuvuselela i-follicle enye okanye ezimbini, iziphumo zeeplani zingancitshiswa. Enyanisweni, ukuba kukho iifolli ezimbini, umngcipheko weewele uphezulu kunokuba kukho enye ipollicle eyodwa.
Kwakhona, ukuba ngaphezulu kweyodwa-okanye ezimbalwa ukuya kwiqela elinyukayo, ugqirha unako "ukukhansela" umjikelo uze ucele isibini ukuba singabi ngesondo.
Ukutshintshwa kwebumba elilodwa lomsindo we-IVF (SET-IVF) : Nge-vitro fertilization, ugqirha unokulawula ukuba mangaphi ama-embryo adluliselwa kwisibeleko. Xa i-IVF yayisanda kutsha kwaye ingasebenzi kakuhle, ukutshintshela ama-embrasi amabini ukuya kweyesihlandlo kwakungavamile. Ithemba lokuba ubuncinane omnye "uya kuhlala." Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphezu kowodwa "unamathele."
Ngoku, kunye nezigulane ezincinci kunye nezilungelelaniso, ukutshatyalaliswa kwesisu esisodwa kukukhetha. Kule meko, kuphela enye imbryo efanelekileyo ifakwe. Kukho umngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu weewele ezifanayo. Kodwa umngcipheko ophezulu wokuhlamba i-dizygotic upheliswa.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-embro-IVF (FET-IVF) : Ukuphuculwa kwe-cryopreservation kwenza ukutshatyalaliswa komzimba ongatshatanga. Ngokufanelekileyo, isibini sinokuba ngaphezu kweyodwa embryo ephezulu. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni kwimibusi engadluliselwa?
I-FET-IVF, i-embrasi "eyongeziweyo" inokuqhwaba ngoku. Emva koko, ukuba ukukhulelwa kungenzeki, umjikelezo weFET-IVF ozayo unokuzama.
Ukuba ukukhulelwa kwenzeka nge-embryo yokuqala idluliselwe, unako ukugcina ii-embropredite embryos "kwiqhwa" kwizalamane zakusasa, okanye ziyakunikezelwa kwesinye isibini okanye kwisayensi yolwazi.
Trizygotic Triplets ne Quadrazygotic Quadruplets
Ukuba amaqanda amathathu ahlonywa ngamabhodlela amathathu ahlukeneyo, oku kungabangela i- trizygotic triplets .
Ukuba amaqanda amane atyunjwa ngamaduna amane ahlukeneyo, unokufumana i-quadrazygotic quadruplets.
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba umama okhulelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze ahlangane namawele.
Ngokomzekelo, ama-triplets angaqala njengamawele angabonakaliyo (okanye amawele e-dizygotic). Emva koko, enye yala maqhekeza ayahlukana, ekhokelela kwiisethi zamawele afanayo (okanye amawele e-monozygotic). Konke, uza kuba namawele amabili afanayo kunye newele elinye elingafaniyo elenza isethi yamathathu.
Ukuba ufumanisa oku kunzima ukuyiqonda, zama oku. Thatha iipenki ezimbini, enye ebomvu nomnye mnyama.
Dweba ubuso obumnyama kunye nomlobo obomvu, kunye neenwele ezincinci ezingaphezulu.
Dweba omnye ubuso obumnyama kunye neepeni elimnyama.
Ngoku, ukusuka ebusweni bombundu omnyama, gwala imigca emibini phantsi naphuma, elowo ukuya ebusweni obutsha obumnyama.
Kwesinye isangqa esikhulu, udweba umgca ojikeleze enye yobuso obomvu kunye nobuso obumnyama obuninzi. Lezo zi-triplets - amabini amawele afanayo (ipeni elimnyama) kunye nomnye "umntakwethu" iwele (ibomvu ebomvu).
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweziphindaphindo eziphezulu zenziwe ngamawele angabonakaliyo.
Umthombo:
> Hoekstra C1, Zhao ZZ, i-Lambalk CB, iWillemsen G, uMartin NG, i-Boomsma DI, i-Montgomery GW. "I-twinning dizygotic. " Isihlomelo sokuhlaziya . 2008 ngo-Jan-Feb; 14 (1): 37-47. Epub 2007 ngoNovemba 16.
> Pison, Giles; Monden, Christiaan; Smits, Jeroen. "Amanani okuHluma kumazwe athuthukile. Ukuhlaziywa kwabemi kunye nophuhliso . Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 41 (4): 629-649 ( > DISEMBA > 2015).
Racowsky, Catherine; USchlegel, uPeter N .; Fauser, Bart C; UCarrell, uDouglas T. Biennial Review of Unfertility: Umqulu 2, 2011. Umshicileli: Springer; Uhlobo lo kuqala. (Juni 9, 2011)