Indlela abayifumene ngayo, Ngaba ngokwenene, kwaye Ziziphi iingozi kwi-Utero?
Amawele e- Monozygotic akhiwa xa enye i-zygote , eyenziwe ngeqanda elinye kunye nesidoda esisodwa, iyahlula ibe zibini.
Esikhundleni sokuba nombindi owodwa-okuqhelekileyo oko ufumana kwiqanda elinye kunye nesinye isidoda-isiphumo semibungu emibili.
Ngamanye ama-embryo akhula njengomntwana ohlukile.
Amawele e-Monozygotic ayaziwa nangokuthiwa ngamawele afanayo kuba ahlala ngokwabelana ngamajethi afanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ayenjalo ngokufanayo ngokofuzo. Ngethuba sasiyicinga ukuba ama-mono-mawele ayenemfuza, kunye nesayensi esinayo namhlanje, igama alinakuchaneka.
Amawele e-Monozygotic anesondo esifanayo (ngaphandle kweemeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, ngaphantsi ngaphantsi), wabelana ngeziganeko zomzimba, kwaye unokuba nobuntu obufanayo.
Yintoni Ebangela Ukuba Iimpembelelo ZaseMonozygotic Zenzeke?
Akukho mntu uyazi ukuba yintoni eyenza amawele e-monozygotic. Le yindawo yophando oluqhubekayo.
Amawele athile awenzi (ngokuqhelekileyo) asebenza kwiintsapho. Oku kuthetha ukuba amawele afanayo afanayo xa into ethile kwimvelo ibangela ukuhlukaniswa, okanye mhlawumbi, kwenzeka ngokungahleliwe.
(Kukho iindawo ezizimeleyo apho amawele afanayo afana nokubonakala okunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, kwaye kunokukho uxhulumano lwezofuzo. Kodwa oku akunqabile, kwaye i-gene isingabonakaliswa yongeza ingozi yokubhabhisa i-monozygotic.)
Uphando lwe-IVF lusinike ingqiqo malunga nendlela amawele afanayo angenza ngayo.
Iimbrusi ze-IVF zininzi ngaphezu kwamaqabunga asemvelo ahlukeneyo ukuze ahlukaniswe ngamawele afanayo.
Udokotela okhulayo angadlulisela enye imbilini-ethemba ukunciphisa umngcipheko weewele ezingafani-kodwa amawele afanayo angase ayenze, kwaye kaninzi kunabantu bonke.
Ukuphanda, abaphandi babeka ikhamera ukuba bathathe iifoto nganye ngemizuzu emibini yokuphuhliswa kombungu.
Kuphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwe-embryo, intambo egcwala amanzi ekhula ngaphakathi kwembungu. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-blastocoel.
Kwakhona ngaphakathi kwimbungu kuqokelelwa kweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yingqamzana yeseli yangaphakathi. Le ngqokelela yeeseli ekugqibeleni izakuba ngumntwana.
Kwezinye iimeko, i-blastocoel iyawa ngokwawo. Oku kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwembungu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, i-embryo iphila ngokuwa.
Okubonakala kubonakala kulezi ziganeko i-embryyo iyanqabana, ngokwenza ukuba isalathisi esingaphakathi ihlukaniswe zibe zibini.
Amaninzi amabini esele ngaphakathi aqhuba ukuphuhliswa kwamawele.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba asinakwazi ukuba ngaba ngaba amawele e-monozygotic akhula esibelethweni. Kodwa kusinika ingqiqo kwinkqubo eyenzileyo, kuze kube yule mihla, ibe yimfihlakalo epheleleyo.
Kodwa kutheni le nto ingenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo nge-IVF?
Ngesinye, i-embryo igcinwe kwisisombululo sokwenza okuthile kwibra. Ngoxa iingcali zenzululwazi zenze konke okusemgangathweni ukuba zenze ukuba zifuphi ngokusemgangathweni kwendalo, akuyiyo enye indawo leyo i-embbryo iya kukhula ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokuzala .
Isisombululo sinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuwa.
Okwesibini, kukho iimbono ezahlukileyo malunga nokuba udlulise umbungu kwisisu somfazi .
Kubonakala sengathi ukudlulisa umbungu kamva kunokunyusa iincinci zeewele ezifanayo.
Ngamaqhinga aphi na amawele? I-Genetics ye-Twinning
Kwakuye kwacingwa ukuba amawele e-monozygotic abelane ngeDNA efanayo. Kodwa oku akunjalo.
Ngenye, onke amaxesha amaseli ahlula, kukho umngcipheko wokuguquka kwemvelo. Ezi zinguqu zinokuthi zenzeke ngokukhawuleza ukuhlukana kokuqala. Esi sizathu esinye sokuba amawele afanayo ayenobungozi obunzima bokugula izifo.
Emva kokuqala ukwahlukana, izihlwele zesele ziyaqhubeka zihlukana ngokwazo. Ngokwehlukana konke, kukho umngcipheko wokuguquka.
Ekuzalweni, i-genetic of twins iphezulu, ifana kakhulu-kodwa ayifani.
Emva kwexesha, ukufana kwazo zofuzo kuyaqhubeka nokuhla. Oku kungenxa ye-epigenetics-isayensi yendlela imeko yendalo iguqula ngayo iDNA.
Ezinye iziphumo ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukungafani kweDNA kuqhelekileyo kwiimpama ezidala ezifanayo kunamawele amancinci afanayo.
Oku kubangelwa ukuchitha ixesha elingaphezulu kwaye ngenxa yoko kuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Amabini Awahlukeneyo ... Kodwa Abafazi Abahlukeneyo?
Ngelixa lingaqhelekanga, kunokwenzeka ukuba amawele e-monozygotic abe ngabafana ababili abahlukeneyo.
Oku kubuyela kwimbono yokuba ukutshintshwa kwemizimba kungenzeka ukusuka kulwahlulo lokuqala.
Ukuba iqanda lithwala ii-chromosomes eziphindwe kabini (xa iqanda eliqhelekileyo lifanele lithwale i-X-chromosome elilodwa) kwaye lucetyiswa nge-Y-sperm, unokufumana i-XXY embryo. Oku kwaziwa nangokuthi yi-Klinefelter syndrome.
Nangona kunjalo, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba loo mbungu ye-XXY idibanisa ngamawele e-monozygotic?
Unokuphelisa ngewele elinye ngegama lama-XX (ibhinqa), kunye nelinye nge-XY (yindoda.)
Kunzima kangakanani le meko? Kuye kwachazwa kuphela kwiincwadi zonyango ezine.
Kukho enye (inqabileyo) indlela onokufumana ngayo amawele afanayo ofanayo.
Ukuba unayo iqanda kunye ne-X ye-chromosome (njengoko kufanelekile), kunye nesidoda ene-Y-chromosome, uya kufumana inkwenkwe (XY).
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba le mbungu iyahlukana ibe ngamawele, uya kufumana amakhwenkwe amafana afanayo.
Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba elinye iwele libe ne-X kuphela ye-chromosome (ngokuqhelekileyo ibhalwe njenge-XO), kunye nezinye i-XY.
Ngaloo ndlela, elinye iwele liza kuba yintombazana (kunye nesifo sokuzalwa esaziwa ngokuba nguTranser Syndrome ), kwaye enye iwele iya kuba yinkwenkwe.
Konke oku kuthethi, ezi ziimeko zinqabile, unokucinga ukuba i-99.999% yeentombi zamantombazana azinamawele e-monozygotic.
Ingaba Imbali Yentsapho Yamawele Aqhelekileyo Ukwandisa Iingxaki Zokuba nazo?
Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eninzi, amathuba akho okuba namawele e-monozygotic awanxulumene nembali yakho yentsapho.
Ukuba kukho iisethi ezingaphezu kweyodwa yeewele ezifanayo kwintsapho, kunokwenzeka ngenxa yenhlanhla okanye kwimiba yangaphandle yendalo-kodwa ingengomlando wezofuzo.
Kukho iintlanga kunye nabantu abahlala ngaphandle apho amawele abonakala egijima kwintsapho. (Okanye kwisizwe esikhulu, ngenxa yolu hlobo.) Akusaziwa ukuba i-genetics idlala apha okanye kwindawo.
Amawele e-Dizygotic amawele-angafaniyo-kodwa asebenza kwiintsapho. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba namawele.
Amabhinqa angamaBini kunye namawele adibeneyo
Uhlobo olunqabileyo lweama-monozygotic ama-twin efanayo okanye amawele.
Oku kwenzeka xa i-sperm ehlukeneyo ihluma iqanda elinye. (Le ngenye imeko apho ungafumana khona amabini, kodwa awanjalo "amawele" afanayo ukususela ekuqaleni kokuqala kwaye akukho nanye isilwanyana esondeza iqanda.)
Amawele adibeneyo yinto enye engaqhelekanga yokwahluka kwe-monozygotic, apho amawele ahluke ngokupheleleyo xa i-zygote ihlula. Bangabelana ngamalungu amaninzi. Uninzi lweamawele adibeneyo afela e-utero okanye azalwa.
Kwezinye iimeko, amawele ahlangene nawo angaphila ahlukeneyo. Olu uphando luyingozi kwaye alukwazi ukuzama ukuhlala lugqitywe okanye lugqitywe ngempumelelo.
Amaduna e-Monozygotic, Amadaka abo e-Amniotic kunye ne-Placentas
Uninzi lwexesha, amawele e-monozygotic anama-sac amniotic ahlukeneyo kodwa ahlanganyele enye iplascenta .
Ixesha lezakhono lobugcisa kule monochorionic-diamniotic (okanye i-Mo-Di), kwaye iyenzeka phakathi kwama-60% kunye no-70% wexesha kunye namawele e-monozygotic.
Ukwabelana nge-placenta enye kwandisa ingozi ekukhulelweni, ngenxa yokuba kungenzeka ukuba i-syndrome ye-transfusion ye- twin-to-twin . Ukukhulelwa kufuneka kujongwe ngokucophelela ukuba ama-Mo-Di afunyanwa.
Enye inokwenzeka kukuba amawele ayenayo i-placenta yakhe kunye ne-amniotic sac. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba ngama-dichorionic-diamniotic (okanye i-Di-Di). Ubungozi bokukhulelwa kwe-Di-Di buncinci kune-Mo-Di ukukhulelwa. Kukho ukungaqondi kakuhle ukuba i-Di-Di iwele zihlala zihlala kunye (ezingafani), kodwa oku akunjalo. Phantse ama-30% eamawele ezi-monozygotic ziDi Di.
Inhlanganisela engumngcipheko xa amawele ekwabelana ngesinye isikhwama se-amniotic kunye ne-placenta enye. Oku kwenzeka kuphela kwiamawele ezi-monozygotic kwaye akuze kube namawele angafani.
Oku kwaziwa ngokuba ngamawele e-monochorionic-monoamniotic (Mo-Mo) , kwaye ayinqabile, ivela kwi-5% kuphela yokukhulelwa kwamawele.
Ngamawele angama-Mo-Mo, enkulu ingozi kukuba iintsana zinokuthi zixakeke kwiintambo zomlomo. Kukho umngcipheko we-twin-to-twin-transfusion syndrome kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu wokungapheli.
Iziphumo zakuqala zafumanisa ukuba ama-50% kuphela amawele e-Mo-Mo asinda, kodwa iziphumo ezilandelayo zifumene iziphumo ezikhuthazayo, kunye ne-perinatal (ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuzalwa) emva kokuzalwa kwe-20%.
Okunye malunga namawele
- I-Dizygotic Twin Facts
- Clomid Twins
- Ngaba Ufanele Ukhulelwe Ngamawele Ngenjongo?
- Ukukhulelwa kwemiqondiso kunye nezibonakaliso ngeewele
Imithombo:
> Barazani Y1, Sabanegh E Jr1. "I-Case Case yama-Monozygotic Twins Afunyaniswe neKlinefelter Syndrome Ngethuba lokuVavanyo lokungafihli. " Uvel Urol. 2015; 17 (1): 42-5.
Cordero L, uFranco A, iJoy SD. "Iimbono zeMonochorionic Monoamniotic Twins: Isiphumo seNonatal." J Perinatol. 2006 Mar; 26 (3): 170-5.
> Cyranoski, David. I-Biology yophuhliso: ezimbini ziBini. Ishicilelwe kwi-intanethi 15 Apreli 2009 | Uhlobo 458, 826-829 (2009) | i-doi: 10.1038 / 458826a. http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090415/full/458826a.html
UFrancis F. Fraga, u-Esteban Ballestar, uMaria F. Paz, uSantiago Ropero, uFernando Setien, uMaria L. Ballestar, uDamiah Heine-Suñer, uJanan C. Cigudosa, uMiguel Urioste, uJavier Benitez, uManuel Boix-Chornet, uAbel Sanchez-Aguilera, UCharlotte Ling, uEnom Carlsson, uPernille Poulsen, u-Allan Vaag, uZarko Stephan, uTim D. uMtsalane, uYue-Zhong Wu, uChristoph Plass kunye noManel Esteller. Iintlukwano ze-epigenetic ziphakama ngexesha loBomi bamaMonozygotic Twins. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2005 Julayi 26; 102 (30): 10604-10609.
Roqué H, uGillen-Goldstein J, i-Funai E, i-Young BK, i-Lockwood CJ. IziPhumo zePerinatal kwi-Monoamniotic Gestations. " I-Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003 Juni; 13 (6): 414-21.