Iintsana ezizalwe ngethuba lingaphantsi kwamanqanaba aphantsi e-antibodies, izinto ezisegazini ezikhuselekileyo ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko. Kwinqanaba elongezelelweyo lokukhulelwa, iinqwelo zomzimba ziwela i-placenta ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana. Xa umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kokuba alahleke ekukhuselweni kwamagciwane okukhusela ama-antibodies okukhusela kwaye ngoko, umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa izifo uphezulu.
Iintshaba ziyakwazi ukuthintela izifo ngenxa yokuba isistim somzimba sawo sikhulelwe kwaye ngoko kunzima ukuba balwe neenqwelomoya ngokwabo. Izifo kwi-preemie ziyakuchaphazela amandla abo okuphefumula, ukunyusa umzimba, zinokunyusa ukuhlala kwezibhedlele kwaye zikhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima ezingapheliyo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo nolwazi, sinokuthintela ezinye zezi zifo kwaye singenza umehluko omkhulu kwimpilo yonke kunye nesiphumo somntwana osanda kuzalwa .
Ngenxa yokunciphisa isistim somzimba kunye nokungahlanjululwa ngokubanzi, umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa angakhula isifo kuye phantse nayiphi na inxalenye yomzimba. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo egazini (ebizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis), kwimiphunga, ingqondo (ukukhupha umphunga) kunye nentambo yomgogodla (i-meningitis), isikhumba, okanye izintso, i-bladder (infection urinary tract-UTI), okanye amathambo (NEC). Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa, zonke iintsana zifumana iintlobo ezimbini zeentsholongwane, ezinye ezinempilo kunye nezinye ezinobungozi ezinobungozi.
Iibhaktheriya ezinempilo zinceda ukugcina ingozi ekutshekweni. Iibhaktheriya ezilungileyo zinceda ukuncedwa kokutya. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwi-preemie, le nkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi iya kuba yinto engalinganiyo engakhokelela kwiingxaki kunye nokusuleleka kwesikhumba. Kwintsana engaphambi kwangoko, isikhumba sinyanzele kwaye sinokufumana iinkqubo zonyango rhoqo ezifana ne-IV kuqala, ii-injection kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Oku kungenza i-portal for infections ukungena kwinkqubo yengane engaphambi komntwana. Ngenxa yokuba ukusuleleka ngokwayo kungaba yimbangela yokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa, i-preemie inokuthi ivelele kwaye ifumane isifo kwi-utero xa ibhaktheriya okanye intsholongwane isasazwa kwigazi lomama nge-placenta kunye nentambo yomntwana kumntwana. Bangakwazi nokuhlakulela ukusuleleka kwiinkalo zabo, emva kweentsuku okanye iiveki ngaphakathi kwe-NICU.
Izifo zibangelwa enye yeentlobo zintathu ze-microorganisms; ibhaktheriya, ii-virus, okanye i-fungi. Iibhaktheriya zinamaseli amancinci athile afumaneka kwimeko, kwesikhumba, nakwindlela (GI) yamathambo. Imithi ebizwa ngokuba yi-antibiotics isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa zizibhaktheriya. I-Ampicillin ne-Gentamicin ziyi-antibiotics eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwi-NICU. Iintsholongwane zizinto ezincinci kuneebhaktheriya kwaye azifumaneki kwii-antibiotics. Kukho amayeza anokuthiwa ngama-antitivirals anceda kwezinye iibhaktheriya ezibangela ukusuleleka. Iifungi okanye ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwayo njengeemvubelo zifumaneka rhoqo kwiphepha le-GI kunye nesikhumba kwaye ingaba yimbangela yezifo ezisongela ubomi egazini. Imithi ebizwa ngokuba yi-antifungals isetyenziswe kunyango lwezilwanyana ezifayilini.
Kungaba nzima ukuxelela ukuba i-preemie ihlakulele isifo. Ezinye zeempawu zingabandakanya: isikhumba esiluhlaza okanye esinamafutha, esicothayo kunezinga eliqhelekileyo lentliziyo, ixesha lokuphefumula, kunye nokungakwazi ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba obuzinzile; nokuba phezulu okanye kakhulu. Ingane inokuba neetoni ezixakekileyo ze-muscle okanye i-floppy kwaye unokuba nobunzima bokuhlala uqaphile okanye nokuba ne-fussy. Usana luyakunzima ukunyamezela ukutya kwabo.
Kukho iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwa kwi-NICU xa umntwana ebonisa iimpawu zentsholongwane. Ezi mvavanyo zingenziwa kwakhona ngokuqhelekileyo ukulawula naluphi na unokwenzeka ukuba ingxaki inokuphuhlisa.
Igazi linokutsalwa ukuba likhangele inani le-white white cell. Iinjongo zegazi ezimhlophe (i-WBC) injongo ephambili emzimbeni ukulwa nezifo. Inani eliphakamileyo kunokuba liqhelekileyo okanye inani eliphantsi kwe-WBC count lixhalaba lokuba umntwana unokuhlakulela okanye unesifo. Uhlobo lwe-WBC olubizwa ngokuba yi-neutrophil luveliswa emzimbeni ngokuphendula ukuvuvukala nokusuleleka. I-neutrophils i-WBCs esezantsi kwaye xa usulelekile, umzimba uya kukhulula ngokukhawuleza la maseli ahlakuleyo ukuze ancede ukulwa nama-microorganism. Olunye uvavanyo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-CRP okanye i-C-reactive protein test. Iprotheni esebenzayo e-C yinto ekhishwa ngumzimba ngokuphendula ukuvuvukala. Inqanaba eliphezulu leRPP lingabonisa ukuba kukho usulelo. Inkcubeko yegazi ngumvavanyo owenziwe ukuzama nokukhula i-microorganism ekhoyo kwigazi. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuba luchonge i-bug ngqo ekhoyo kwaye iya kunceda ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi i-antibiotics efanelekileyo ukunyanga intsholongwane.
I-X-ray esifubeni kukuvavanya uvavanyo lokubona imiphunga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kunokusuleleka kwintsholongwane efana ne-pneumonia. Olunye uphononongo okanye umlenze wokugqithisa (LP) lunye uvavanyo olwenziwe ukuba luvivinywe ukuba lube ngumsinga. Kwi-LP, isixa esincinci se-cerebral spinal fluid (i-fluid ejikeleza ingqondo kunye nomthambo womthambo) isuswe kwaye ivavanyelwe ukuba kukho ukusuleleka.
Ukuba kukho ubungqina bentsholongwane, umntwana usenokunyangwa ngamayeza, i-IV fluids, i-oksijini, okanye nokuba ngumoya wokungenisa umoya ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu beempawu kunye ne-microorganism ngokwayo. Nangona ezinye iintsholongwane zinokuthi zinzulu kakhulu, ezininzi ziya kuphendula kakuhle kwii-antibiotics. Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana usuphethwe, kungcono ithuba lokulwa nentsholongwane.
Isistim somzimba sokubeleka umntwana siza kuqhubeka singasemva kweenyanga ezimbalwa zobomi kwaye singasebenzi kunye nelo xesha elitsha lizalwa kwaye ke libeka ingozi enkulu yokufumana izifo, ikakhulukazi iintsholongwane. Ukukhusela i-preemie yakho ngexesha le-NICU kwaye emva kokukhutshwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlamba izandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-sanitizer yezandla zizinto ezibalulekileyo kakhulu onokuzenza kwaye ukhuthaze abanye abaya kuhanjelwa okanye malunga ne-preemie yakho ukwenza okufanayo. Nciphisa inani leendwendwe kwaye ugcine abo banempawu ebandayo, ukukhwehlela okanye intsholongwane. Ukugula okulula kubantwana abadala kunye nabadala banokuba nzima kwaye banobulalayo umntwana osanda kuzalwa.
Imithombo
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