I-chickenpox, aka varicella, yayisisifo sobuntwaba obuqhelekileyo. Uninzi lwabafundi namhlanje lufumana ugonyo oluchasene nenkukhu kodwa intsholongwane isasaza kubantu.
Kubantu abaninzi, inkukhu ayikho isizathu sokwesaba. Uninzi lwabantwana abafumana isifo sengxaki yesifo sengculaza abanazo iingxaki ezinzulu; Abantu abadala bangaba nzima ngakumbi kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo bafumana ukugula ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinzima.
Uninzi lwesifo se-inkukhu sisifo kubantu abaneminyaka engama-1 kuya kwe-14 kwaye kuphela i-2% yezifo ezifakwe kwizinto ezibangelwa abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala.
Phakathi kwabesetyhini abaqhaqhaqhaqhiweyo abangenasifo somzimba, ukuvezwa kwe-varicella ngexesha lokukhulelwa kungabangela iingxaki. Phantse i-10% ukuya kwi-20% yabasetyhini abanegalelo ingahlakulela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-varicella pneumonia. Abasetyhini abasemngciphekweni abangekho mngcipheko weengxaki, kwaye malunga ne-85% ukuya kwi-95% yabasetyhini baxhoba.
Ukutshatyalaliswa nokutshatyalaliswa kunye nokuzalwa komntwana kungaphinda kwenzeke emva kokuba umama abhambisane nenkontsho yenkukhu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kodwa ngokusekelwe kwidata elingafumanekiyo, ama-non-immune mothers exposed to chickenpox kwi-trimester yokuqala ayibonakali ukuba yanda ixabiso lokukhulelwa komzimba ngokuthelekiswa noluntu jikelele. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo ekuthengeni i-varicella ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngumngcipheko wokukhubazeka kokuzalwa komntwana - kwaye nakule nkalo, akukho sizathu sokwesaba kodwa nangona ukuba uye wavezwa.
Nangona ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwintsholongwane yenkukhu kunokuba nzima kakhulu (inzala ye-congenital varicella syndrome), umngcipheko wengane eneziphene zokuzalwa ngenxa yokukhupha inkukhu kwinqanaba lokukhulelwa liphakathi kwe-0.4% ukuya kwi-2%. Ukubonakaliswa kwesiqingatha sesibini sokukhulelwa kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuba kube neziphoso zokuzalwa.
Iingxaki zomntwana akunakwenzeka ukuba i-inkukhupox exposure isenzeka phakathi kwe-20 ukuya kwe-36 iveki yokukhulelwa, nangona unina unokujamelana neengozi zempilo. Usana lujongene nomngcipheko ophezulu xa ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkukhu kuyenzeka ngenyanga yokugqibela yokukhulelwa. Kule meko, umntwana usenokuhlakulela inkukhu inzalo. Le nto yayiza kuba yintsana kunokuba i-varicella-neonatal varicella ye-congenital ayibandakanyi iziphene zokuzalwa kodwa kunokuba isifo se-systemic sisatshatyalaliswa kakhulu ngamazinga aphezulu okufa. Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokufa komntwana ongasemva kokuzalwa xa umntwana ezalwa eneenkukhu.
Abafazi abachaphazelekayo ngokuchasana nenkukhu ngexesha lokukhulelwa kufuneka babone ugqirha malunga nalo mbandela. Ugqirha unokumisela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukugqiba ukuba ngaba umama sele sele ekhuselekile kwi-inkukhu. Kwaye ukuba kungenjalo, ugqirha unokuthatha isigqibo malunga nenkqubo yesenzo. Oogqirha banqwenela ukunika i-varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) kwabasetyhini baye bavezwa kwaye abangenasigxina, okanye banokumisela iyeza ezifana ne-Acyclovir.
Imithombo:
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