Izibonakaliso, Izimpawu Zesixwayiso, Izizathu, kunye Nokujongana ne-Stillbirth
Ukuba ukhangele ulwazi malunga nokuzalwa, unokuba uzive uhlungu kwaye ukwesaba. Siza kubelana ngokukodwa malunga neempawu, izilumkiso iimpawu kunye nezizathu, kodwa ngokubaluleke kakhulu siza kuthetha malunga nento enokukunceda ekubhekeleni kakuhle kule xesha elinzima.
Yiyiphi iSbirbirth? - Inkcazo
Ukutshatyalaliswa komntwana (okubizwa nangokuthi i-intrauterine fetus demis) kudla ngokucacileyo njengokulahlekelwa ngumntwana okwenzeka emva kweveki ye-20 yokukhulelwa apho umntwana efa ngaphambi kokuzalwa.
(Ilahleko eyenzeka phambi kweeveki ezingama-20 ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengengxakatho.)
Ziyintoni eziqhelekileyo ziBbirbirths and When They?
Ngelishwa, izilwanyana zenzeke kakhulu kakhulu, ngo-1 ngo-160 ezikhulelwe. E-US kunama-26,000 amaninzi ngonyaka, kunye nezigidi ezingama-3.2 emhlabeni jikelele. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-80 zezilwanyana ezibelethwayo zihamba phambili (ezenzeka phambi kweeveki ezingama-37), kunye nesiqingatha sazo zonke izilwanyana ezenzeka ngaphambi kweveki ezingama-28.
Izinto Zingozi ZeNyanga
Njengokuba kukho nezinye iilahleko zokukhulelwa, iindwendwe zihlala zikhona ngaphandle kwezinto ezibonakala zingozi. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nomngcipheko wokunyuka komzimba ziquka:
- Iminyaka yobudala engaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 okanye ngaphantsi kwama-20 - Abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 banako ukuba banokungabonakali kokuzalwa kunabantwana abasetyhini.
- Iimeko zempilo kumama, ingakumbi uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo sikashukela . Imiqathango efana ne-lupus, isifo sesifo, ezinye iingxaki zokuqhawula igazi kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango zandisa ingozi.
- I-pre-eclampsia (ukukhulelwa kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwengcinezelo.)
- Ukunyanya .
- Ukukhulelwa kwamaninzi (amawele kunye nokunye.)
- Ukutshaya.
- Ukuba nomlando wokubeletha, ukukhulelwa kwesisu, okanye ukufa komntwana ongasemva kokuzalwa (ukufa ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala ezingama-28 zobomi.) Ukuba nomlando wokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-toxemia, okanye ukukhulelwa kwangaphakathi kwe-intrauterine kungakhusela ingozi.
- Ukungabi nonyango lokubeleka.
- Uhlanga. Abafazi abomnyama banesiganeko esiphezulu sokubeleka kunabesifazane baseCaucasus, nangona balawulwa yimeko yezoqoqosho.
- Ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (zombini umyalelo kunye nokungabhalwanga) ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuxhatshazwa kwesisu (ezimalunga neengozi zithuthi, ukuwa, okanye udlame lwasekhaya.)
- Isibhedlele sokulala - Nangona kusenakuqinisekiswa, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukulala kwindawo ephakamileyo (ngasemva kwakho) kunokunxulumana nomngcipheko wokwanda komntwana.
- Ukukhawuleza kokukhula kwe-intrauterine .
- Ukukhulelwa kwexesha elidlulileyo - Ukukhulelwa kwexesha elidlulileyo (ngaphaya kweeveki ezingama-41 ukuya ku-42) kuthathwa ukuba kufake isandla kwi-14 ekhulwini yezinzala.
Izizathu ze-Stillbirths
Imiba eyahlukahlukeneyo inokubangela ukuba iintsana zizalwe, kodwa ezinye zezimbangela zokuzala ziquka:
- Izisiphako zokuzalwa, ngokukodwa i- chromosomal engafanelekiyo kwintsana - Iziphene zokuzalwa, umzekelo, i- anencephaly yimbangela yeepesenti ezili-14 zokuzalwa.
- Iziganeko zentambo ye-umbilical - Ingozi ye- umbilical ezifana neqhina entambo, intambo eqhutywayo (xa intambo iphuma ebhinini ngaphambi kokuba umntwana aze acinezeleke) okanye intambo eboshwe ngokukhawuleza kwi-intanethi yengane ye-10% zezilwanyana. Qhubeka ukhumbule ukuba ezininzi iintsana zinentambo entanyeni yabo ngexesha lokuzalwa (ngokukhululeka) kwaye oku akungabangela ukuba kubekho iingxaki.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwePlacental - Xa i-placenta ihlula kwangaphambili ukusuka eludongeni lwe-uterine, loo meko iyaziwa njengophazamiseko lwentsimbi . Ezinye iqondo lokuphazamiseka kwepaltiki lenzeke kwipesenti enye yokukhulelwa. Umngcipheko wokubeletha kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuhlukana, ngokuhlukana kwama-50 ekhulwini okanye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubangela ukuzala.
- Izifo - Izifo ezinobungozi, iintsholongwane, okanye iprotozoa zicingelwa ukuba zibangelwa ukubeletha ukuya kuma-24 ekhulwini kwixesha kumazwe athuthukile. Iintlobo zezifo ezithintekayo ngokuqhelekileyo ezihambelana nokubeletha (kunye / okanye ukuphuphuma komzimba) ziquka i-bacterial vaginosis, i- B strep strep , i-parvovirus B19 (isifo sesihlanu), uListeria monocytogenes , i- cytomegalovirus , i-herpes yomzimba (isifo sokuqala), i-syphilis, nokunye okuninzi. Izifo ziyakwazi ukudala iintsuku zokuqala (iintsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-28 zesisu) kunokuba zifike emva kwexesha lokugqibela (emva kweveki ezingama-28.)
Amaphesenti amabini anesithandathu ukuya kuma-60 ekhulwini weezinyanga ezingabonakaliyo.
Ngaba oogqirha banokuvimbela ukubeleka?
Kukho amaxesha apho ukukhulelwa kungakhutshwa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha xa ukukhuselwa kungenakwenzeka. Njengengxenye yokunyamekela kokubeletha, oogqirha bajonga iimpawu zokuqala zeengxaki kumama kunye nosana. Xa kukho izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi, ugqirha ngamanye amaxesha angathatha isenzo sokunciphisa umngcipheko. Yingakho ukufuna ukunakekelwa kokubeleka kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuyabasetyhini abasengozini enkulu yokuzala, ukubonisana ne-perinatologist okanye umgqirha onguchwepheshe okhuselekileyo ekukhulelweni kakhudlwana kufuneka kuqwalaselwe. Inani lezinto ngoku zifundiswa indima yazo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokubeleka. Ukusukela kwi-probiotic supplement to position position, kubalulekile ukufumana ugqirha onokukunceda ufunde ngophando olutsha malunga nantoni na ongayenza ukuze unciphise umngcipheko.
Kwiimeko zentambo yengozi, iimeko ze-chromosomal, okanye ezinye iingxaki ezingabonakaliyo, nangona kunjalo, ukuzalwa komntwana kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesixwayiso kwaye ke akunjalo ukukhuselwa.
Ekubeni ukukhulelwa kwexesha elide kucingelwa ukuba negalelo kwi-14 yeepesenti zokuzalwa, ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kokukhulelwa kwangaphezulu kubalulekile.
Iimpawu zokuQala kunye neZaziso zoMngcipheko oNokwenzeka
I -birbirth iyakwenzeka ngaphandle kwempawu, kodwa oogqirha bahlala befundisa abafazi abadlulileyo iiveki ezingama-28 ezikhulelwe ukuba balandele ukukhawulwa komntwana ngokukhawuleza kanye kanye ngosuku. Ukuba isibalo sokukhaba sibangela uxhalaba, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukuba ungene kulo vavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi- non-stress test (NST) ehlola ukuba umntwana wakho ukhuselekile.
Njengabantu abadala, iintsana zinemihla xa zisebenza ngakumbi kunabanye. Yithemba i sidima sakho. Ukuba usana luziva lusebenze kancinci kuwe, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, lusebenza ngamandla, lithemba umthambo wakho kwaye ubize ugqirha wakho. Intukuthelo yowesifazane ayikwazi ukunyulwa phantsi xa kufike kakuhle kwintsana yakhe. Enyanisweni, uphando lwango-2016 lufumene ukuba ukwanda okwenyuka kumsebenzi onamandla okwakuchazwa ngumama ngezinye amaxesha kwakunxulumene nokuzalwa. Ngexesha elifanayo, uxinzelelo alulungele nantoni na, kwaye kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba utshintsho oluninzi kwimisebenzi yomntwana luqhelekileyo.
Ezinye izibonakaliso zokulumkisa zibandakanya intlungu yesisu okanye i-back back and bleeding as this means a condition called a placental breakdown. Soloko ulahlekile kwicala lokulumkisa uze ubize ugqirha wakho ukuba unomdla.
Yintoni eyenzekayo xa iidorha zifumanisa ukuba umntwana akanakho intliziyo?
Ukuba kufunyanwe ukuba umntwana wakho akanalo intliziyo yesimo sokuhlola kwangaphambi kokubeletha, uya kufuna ukuqala ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho kwenhliziyo. I-ultrasound idlalwa kuqala. Ukuba kunqunywe ukuba umntwana uswelekile, umfazi unenketho ezimbalwa.
Unokucetywa ukutyunjwa kwezonyango zabasebenzi ngokukhawuleza (okanye ube neC-section eyenziwe ukuba ibonisiwe) okanye unokukhetha ukulinda ukubona ukuba uya kusebenza ngokwakhe ngaphakathi kweveki okanye ezimbini. Kukho iingozi zokulinda (njengama-clots egazi), ngoko kubalulekile ukuqonda iingozi kunye neenzuzo zezi khetho ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ngaba Abazali Ngaba Bafanele Bakhethe Ukugcina Ubuntana Babo Bengazalwa?
Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ngaba ungayibamba umntwana wakho oswelekileyo, okanye ukuba awukho into efanelekileyo okanye engalunganga, yinto efanelekileyo kuphela kuwe. Abanye abazali bafumanisa ukuba ukubamba umntwana kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokukopisha, ngelixa abanye bengathandi ukubona umntwana. Uphando luxubene nokuba ubambe umntwana usuphephelo (uphando oluthile lubonisa ukuba ukugcina umntwana usenokwandisa umngcipheko wokudandatheka kwengqondo), kodwa isinqumo kufuneka senziwe ngabazali bodwa.
Icandelo elona lukhuni kukuba iibini zingaphinde zikwazi ukukhetha kwazo kude kube sekwephuzile. Abanye abazali abangabathanga abantwana babo baya kugcina bezisola emva koko. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba ufuna ukwenzani, ncokola nomhlengikazi wakho. Yena (okanye yena) uya kuba neengcamango eziye zabanceda kakhulu abanye babhekene nesimo esifanayo.
Yintoni Abazali Abayazi Ngayo Iinkqubo Zibhedlele?
Ngokuqhelekileyo abazali banokukhetha ukuthatha iifoto kunye nokugcina isitshixo seenwele kwiintsana zabo ezizalwayo. Kwiintsuku zokuzalwa, ngokuchasene nokulahleka kwamathambo, kukho ukhetho lokugcina umngcwabo kunye / okanye ukutshiswa komzimba, kwaye abazali kufuneka babuze malunga nemigaqo-bhedlele kuloo ndawo. Kwezinye iimeko, abazali bafuna ukugqiba isigqibo sokuba ngaba i-autopsy eyenziwe kwintsana ukucacisa isizathu sokuzalwa komntwana.
Lezi zigqibo ezinzima kakhulu ukujamelana nazo xa usila umntwana wakho, kwaye konke okwakulindele kuye. Unokuba unqwenela ukuphonononga ezi ngcamango ngokuba nomngcwabo emva kokubeleka , kunye neenzuzo kunye neengxaki malunga nokuzimela komntwana .
Ngaba Abazali Bangabhekana Kanjani Nokuba Nesana Esasanazalwa?
Ukuba uhluphekile, usuyazi ukuba ukukopa kulula ukutsho kunokukwenza. Unokuba ubhekene neengxaki zokuzigweba (nangona ukulahleka kungekukho iphoso lakho) okanye unzima ukuqonda oko kwenzeka. Ngomama, unokuba unzima nemiba efana neengxube zebele kunye nesifo sokudakumba, ukuphulukiswa nokuphulukana ngokomzimba emva kokuzalwa , ngaphezu kokulila kwakho okuqhelekileyo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba kufuneka ukwazi ukuba kukulungele ukulila. Kukho amanyathelo athile abandakanyekayo ekuvuseleleni umzwelo emva kokuzalwa kodwa umfazi ngamnye (kunye neqabane lakhe) bafumana ezi ndlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nexesha elithile.
Abazali abaninzi banokubambisana kakhulu kunye neentsana ngaphambi kokuba bazalwe, kwaye ukuba loo mdibaniso ngokugqithiseleyo ephukile ngokubeletha kuyaqondakala. Akufanele ulungelelanise usizi lwakho; Iinjongo ezintle kodwa abangenalwazi kunye nezihlobo ezinokuthi zinokuphamba ngeempendulo ezinjengokuthi "Usemncinci; uya kuba nomnye," okanye "Kwakungenakucingelwa ukuba." Kulungile ukulila. Ezi zengqondo zingabonakala zingenanto engakumbi, kwaye zibangele uzive ukhulu. Akunandaba nokuba uneminyaka elingakanani. Into yokugqibela engqondweni yakho ngoku ngoku mhlawumbi inomnye, kwaye akukho mntu unokuthi akuzange kuthethwe. Lo kwakuyintsana yakho kwaye awuzange ulahlekelwe ngumntwana wakho kuphela kodwa onke amaphupha kunye nethemba olinalo kumntwana wakho.
Ukuqhagamshelana neNtsapho Yakho
Ekujonganeni nentlungu yakho, zama ukukhathalela iqabane lakho.
Kuba mama, qonda ukuba iqabane lakho libuhlungu, nangona engayichazi indlela efanayo ngayo. (Amadoda nabasetyhini bavame ukusabela ngokungafaniyo nangona kunjalo entliziyweni yolu mbandela bavakalelwa ngenye imvakalelo.) Unokuba uzama ukubeka isandla esinamandla ukuze akuxhase.
Kwabazali, zama ukunyamezela nomlingane wakho kwaye ube nephepha elifanelekileyo kunye nokuphulaphula indlebe. Ukuthetha malunga nokulahleka kungabangela unyango kuye (abafazi badla ngokuthetha ngezinto kwaye bangathethi malunga nayo akuyi kumnceda angacingi ngako.) Zama ukukhangela iimpawu zokudakumba kokuphuma kwintsebenzo kwiqabane lakho uze ucinge ukuba ubone ugqirha okanye uthethe kumcebisi ukuba unomdla.
Wonke umntu uhlangabezana ngokuhlukileyo kunye nokuzalwa komntwana, kodwa a mabhinqa amaninzi athola ukuba amaqhinga afana nokugcina i-journal okanye ukuya kumaqela axhasayo angabangela unyango ekujonganeni nokulahleka kokukhulelwa . Kungakhathaliseki ukuba lunjani intsapho yakho kunye nabahlobo, ukuba abazange bafumane ukuzalwa komntwana, abanakukwazi ukuba zeziphi iimvakalelo zakho. Kukho iinkonzo ezininzi zokuncedisa ukulahleka okukhuselekileyo apho ungaxhuma nabanye ukuze uthole inkxaso oyifunayo. Eminye yale mibutho yenzelwe kuphela ukunceda abazali bajamelane nokulandela ukuzalwa.
Ukuba unabanye abantwana, unokuzibuza ukuba ungathetha njani ngelahleko yakho. Sineengcebiso ezifanelekileyo zokudala ukuthetha nabantwana malunga nokulahleka kokukhulelwa , kodwa nokuba nantoni na ukugqibayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abantwana banokuxhatshazwa ngokukhulelwa kokukhulelwa kunye. Ukuba uhlekisayo okanye ukuba umntwana wakho ubamba iintetho ezincinane zentetho, unokuxhalabisa kwaye ucinge ukuba uyiphutha lakhe. Nguwe kuphela owaziyo okulungileyo kumntwana wakho, ngoko uya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abanentsingiselo ebomini bakho bayayihlonela indlela kwaye xa ukhetha ukuthetha nomntwana wakho ngokulahlekelwa yintsapho yakho.
Kwabo Bafuna Ukukhulelwa Kwixesha Elizayo
Mhlawumbi, awufuni ukuva malunga nokukhulelwa kwakhona kwaye unokufuna ukuyeka apha. Ukuba kwaye xa ufikelele kuloo ngongoma, unokufisa ukufunda ngokukhulelwa emva kokubeleka , kufuneka uhlale ixesha elingakanani, nokuba yeyiphi ingozi. Okwangoku, kufuneka udabuke ngendlela yakho nangethuba lakho. Ngelixa ususizi kwaye ululame ungathanda ukufumana indlela ekhethekileyo yokukhumbuza umntwana wakho, nokuba oko kuthetha ukutshala isikhumbuzo okanye enye into enenjongo kuwe. Oku kunokukunceda ukuba unqumle ukukhulelwa kwakhona; awuyikutshintsha umntwana olahlekileyo, kunoko, loo ntsana iya kuhlala inendawo yakhe ekhethekileyo entliziyweni yakho.
Imithombo
- Bakhbakhi, D., umthwalo, C., Storey, C., noD. D. Siassakos. Ukunyamekela Ukutshatyalaliswa kweziNdlobo eziPhakamileyo zeZibonelelo: iiNkcazelo zoBuchule, izikhokelo, kunye namaPhuzu aSebenzi aMnandi. Iisemina kwiMithi yokuThola kunye neNewatal . Ngo-2017 uMatshi 6. (i-Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).
- Umtshini, J., Blencowe, H., Waiswa, P. et al. I-Stillbirths: IiRhafu, iiNkohlakalo, kunye nokukhawuleza ku-2030. 2016. 387 (10018): 587-603.
- Warland, J., Mitchell, E., noL. O'Brien. Iimveli zeNewu zokuVimbela ukuBalabirha. Iisemina kwiMithi yokuThola kunye neNewatal . 2017 Feb 2. (Epub ngaphambi kokuprinta).