Ukukhulelwa kunye nesisindo yinto edlalwa ngayo, nangona ezininzi iingxoxo zihlala zihamba malunga nokufumana ubunzima ngenkathi ukhulelwe. Enye into ekuxoxwa ngayo yintoni eyenzeka kumfazi kunye nokukhulelwa kwakhe xa eqala ukukhulelwa kwiinkalo ezigqithiseleyo okanye ezigqithiseleyo. Inyaniso yile ngxaki eninzi, kungekhona nje ngonyango okanye elinezinto eziphathekayo.
Ubungakanani Ubunzima Buchazwa Kokukhulelwa
Ukunyanyiswa komzimba yinkinga ekhulayo kunye nabesifazane abaninzi kwaye baqala ukukhulelwa kakade kwiinkalo ezigqithiseleyo okanye ezigqithiseleyo. Phantse ama-40 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abakwizikhundla ezigqithiseleyo kunye neepesenti ezilishumi elinesihlanu zibhekwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngokwe-World Health Organization (WHO). Ukugqithisa ngokweqile kuchazwa nje ngokuba ne-index mass mass (BMI) phakathi kwamashumi angamashumi amabini anamanci anesithoba anesithoba, ngelixa ubukhulu becala buchazwe njenge-BMI ngaphezu kwemashumi amathathu. Ezi ngcaciso ezifanayo ezisetyenziswa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. I-BMI ibalwa ngokumalunga nesisindo sokukhulelwa kwangaphambili kwaye kungekhona ukufumana ubunzima bokukhulelwa.
Ukunyamekela ekukhulelweni nangaphandle
Enye yezona zikhulu kodwa ezingabonakaliyo zithetha ngemicimbi malunga nokukhulelwa kunye nesisindo indlela abafazi abakhulelweyo abakhulu abaphathwa ngayo. Siyazi ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane ezigqithiseleyo okanye ukugqithisa ngokweqile zinokuphelisa ukuziva zinganelisekanga ngononophelo lwabo okanye zivakalelwa ngathi azifumani unyango olufanelekileyo.
Oku akumkelekanga kwaye akufanele ubekezele ukuphathwa kakubi ngenxa yobunzima bakho.
Njengomntu okhulelwe, unelungelo lokuphathwa ngenyameko kunye nokunyamekela okufanelekileyo ukukhulelwa kwakho kunye / okanye iimeko zonyango. Oku kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo izixhobo zonyango ezaneleyo ubunzima bakho-umzekelo omhle ngumtya wegazi ofanelekileyo.
Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi lusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo imizekelo engaphezulu: izikali ezikulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nefenitshala efanelekileyo, kubandakanya ibhedi yomsebenzi kunye netafile zeemviwo.
Ubungakanani Ubungakanani Ubuthintela Ukukhulelwa
Umcimbi wokuqala wokuba umntu ahlupheke xa ezama ukukhulelwa ngelixa ekhuluphele okanye ogqithiseleyo unengxaki yokukhulelwa. Kukho abafazi abathile abaya kuba neengxaki nge-polycystic ovarian syndrome (i-PCOS), enokubangela ukungabikho kwengxaki okanye ingxaki yokukhulelwa. Kukho nabesifazane abathile banomlinganiselo ophantsi wokuzala obizwa ngokuba yi-subfertility. Oku kungaphezulu kweengozi ezinobungozi bokuzala okuvela kwiinkathazo zokunyanya ngokwezinto eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nokunyuka kwegazi kunye nesifo sikashukela.
Xa ukhulelwe, kukho nezinye iimeko ezinokubangela ubunzima obunzima obubandakanya:
- Umngcipheko okhulayo weziphene ezithile zokuzalwa ezifana neziphene ze-neural tube
- Umngcipheko ophezulu wokukhulelwa kwesisu
- Umngcipheko wokwanda kwesifo sikashukela
- Ukwanda komngcipheko wokulala ngomoya wokulala
- Umngcipheko okhuselekileyo wokusuleleka kwi-sac amniotic (chorioamnionitis)
- Umngcipheko ophezulu we-preeclampsia
Ngayinye yale micimbi ineengozi zabo ezihambelana nazo. Kungathetha ukuba kufuneka ube nenani elongeziweyo lokutyelela ngonyango , ukuba ufuna imithi okanye ukujonga esondeleyo.
Esi sizathu esinye isizathu sokuba ukunakekelwa kokubeleka kubaluleke kakhulu kwaye kutheni kubalulekile ukuba kulungele kuwe.
Ukukhulelwa kwesisindo
Enye into ecacileyo, nangona uqala ukukhulelwa ubunzima obuninzi kunokuba ootitshala bakho bangathanda, kusabalulekile ukufumana ubunzima bokukhulelwa . Ibhinqa elisisigxina okanye isisindo sokugqithisa siya kufuna ukufumana ubunzima obuncinci ekukhulelweni okusemgangathweni, kodwa ukuzuza ubunzima kusekhona into ekhuthazwayo.
Kuyabathandwa ngabafazi abagqithiseleyo, inzuzo yesisindo se-15 ukuya kuma-pounds angamashumi amabini anesithandathu, i-pounds yesibini ibe sisiqingatha esivela kwi-trimester yokuqala, kwaye malunga nesiqingatha sesiqingatha sobunzima beveki nganye kwimizi yesibini neyesithathu .
Olu bunzima bunzima lukhula ngamawele ukuze kube ngamashumi amathathu ukuya kweyodwa ukuya kumahlanu.
Ukuba ukhuluphele ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, kucetyiswa ukuba awufumani ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu amane ngasekupheleni kwekota yokuqala, kwaye ufumane i-pounds yesiqingatha ngeveki kwisibini neyesithathu. Injongo kukuba nesisindo sokuzuza ubunzima phakathi kweepisenti ezili-11 kunye neeshumi. Ukuba ulindele amawele, loo nombolo iphakama ibe ngamashumi amabini anesithandathu ukuya kuma-alitha anesibini.
Ukulahlekelwa Isisindo Ngethuba Ukhulelwe
Akukhuthazwa ukuba nabani na ozama ukunciphisa ubunzima bokukhulelwa. Oku kuyinyani, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isisindo sakho sinjani. Ukutya ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunqanda umntwana wakho weekhalori ezifunekayo. Kuye kucatshangelwa ukuba kubangele ingxaki enokutshisa izityela zokunqatha kwezilwanyana ezinokuthi zikhulule iibisiki emzimbeni. Oku akuthethi ukuba kufuneka udle nantoni na oyifunayo, ukutya okunokulungeleleneyo kunye nokutya okunyamekayo kukulungele ukukhulelwa kwakho kunye nosana kunokutya okunokukhawuleza okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophantsi.
AbaSebenzi BaseTyhini Abafazi
Kukho izinto ezininzi eziye zathethwa okanye iinkolelo eziye zabanjwa malunga nomsebenzi kunye nomfazi ogqithiseleyo okanye ogqithiseleyo. Utshutshiso olusandul 'utsha lusandul' ukucacisa le ngcamango kwaye lubekwe endaweni kwindawo yezobugcisa zanamhlanje.
Unokuba unobungozi obunyuliweyo emsebenzini:
- Ukuchithwa kwabasebenzi
- Kwicandelo leesesare
- Isithuba sokuqala sexesha labasebenzi
- Ukunyuka kwegazi
Abasetyhini kulezi zigaba zinobunzima banokuba nesigaba sokuqala somsebenzi, inxalenye apho umlomo wesibeleko uhlalutya khona. Udokotela uya kucetyiswa ukuba anike ixesha elingaphezulu kweli nqanaba labasebenzi kwaye angenele ngexesha nje umama nosana beqhuba kakuhle.
I-epestural anesthesia inokwenzeka kubafazi besigaba esiyintloko. Nangona ingaba yinto enzima kakhulu kwi-anesthesiologist. Ukuba uwela kulolu hlobo, unokufuna ukuqwalasela ingcebiso ngaphambi kokuba usebenze kunye ne-anesthesia yesebe esibhedlele sakho ukuze uthole ulwazi olucacileyo kuwe. Imisebenzi ayikho xa ufuna ukunyuka kwamangalisa.
Isigaba sesibini somsebenzi, okanye ukugxotha, bekuye kucatshangwa ukuba kude kube lide kubafazi abangaphezu kwamandla amaninzi. Uphando olutsha alufumananga ukuba kunjalo. Enyanisweni, uphando oluthile lubonisa ukuba aba bafazi babenengcinezelo ezifanayo zesifo se-intraabdominal ukuya kumlingani oqhelekileyo. Oko kwathiwa, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye ne-oktotocin yokwenziwa kwakuqhelekileyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-BMI eyandisiweyo ibonakala ibe nefuthe ekukhuseleni ukuba ne-third grade degree okanye yesine-degree degree in the perineum.
Ukukhutshwa kwezeMisebenzi kunye nokuzalwa koSaare
Icandelo le-Caesarea linemiba yalo yemibandela yabasetyhini abagqithisileyo. Nangona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba icandelo elincinci elicwangcisiweyo lobunzima bodwa alinakuphucula iziphumo zomntwana okanye umama. Umngcipheko wokufuna i-laarean ayikho nje ngokucacileyo njengoko umntu unokucinga.
Ukuba uqala umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza, amaxabiso omsebenzi wesigxina ngexesha lobasebenzi afana nawabasetyhini kuwo onke amacandelo. Xa umngcipheko wesigaba se-shedareji uphakamisa oomama kwiinkalo ezigqithiseleyo kunye nokugqithiseleyo xa kubakho ukunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi okanye kuqaliswe ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kukho izifundo eziqhutywayo ukwenzela ukuba zijonge oko kungatshintshwa ukulawula lo kuphakama, ngoku akukho ziphakamiso zolu hlobo lwenkqutyana oluya kusebenza kakhulu.
Into esiyaziyo kukuba abafazi abanesisindo okanye abagqithisileyo banezinga eliphezulu kakhulu leengxaki ezinokubangela ukunyulwa kwezabasebenzi ukungenelela okufanelekileyo. Oko kuza okulandelayo kulungelelanisa ingozi yokwandisa ukukhulelwa kunye nobungozi bokungeniswa kunye nokuzalwa okusemthethweni.
Ukuzalwa kwe-laarean kunzima kakhulu kumbono weqela le-anesthesia kunye nodokotela ogqirha. Eli lixesha elinye xa izixhobo ezinokwaneleyo zinokunceda kakhulu ugqirha kunye nesigulane.
UkuCwangciswa kwangaphambili kweCandelo elizayo
Enye into edlalwa njalo kukuba ukukhuluphala kunye nemiba enxulumene nemilinganiselo iyaqwalaselwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, akuzange kubekho uphando lwangempela kwizinto ezisebenzayo kunye noko kungenjalo ngokubhekiselele kuyo. Nangona ziphi iingcali ezivumelanayo ngazo kukuba xa kunokwenzeka kufuneka ulahlekelwe isisindo, nokuba ngaba awuyikugqiba ngokupheleleyo umthwalo wesisindo, nayiphi na isisindo esilahlekileyo sinokuthathwa njengenzuzo.
Ukuba unenkathazo ngokulahlekelwa ubunzima okanye ukhetha ukungalindi, ke uqinisekise ukuba usebenza ukuba ube nempilo enokwenzeka. Ukugqithisa okanye ukugqithisa kunokuba nempembelelo kwimpilo yakho, kodwa akusiyo isithembiso seengxaki. Ukuphononongwa kwezempilo ngokufanelekileyo kunokukwazi ukubona nayiphi na imiba enokuba nayo kwaye unokukwazi ukujongana nabo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Oku sele kunokukunceda ukukhulelwa kwakho kwexesha elizayo kuphile impilo xa ungazami ukufumanisa nokuphatha imiba eyongezelelweyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Zonke ezo zinto zithi, kukho uphando olubonisa ukuba ukulahlekelwa ubunzima phakathi kokukhulelwa kungabangela ukuba kubekho umphumo we-yo-yo kunye nesisindo, mhlawumbi kunokubangela ukuba owesifazane abe namandla xa ekhulelwe okanye phakathi kokukhulelwa kwakhe. Enye yezinto eziphambili kakhulu ukuyenza kukujongana nezifo ezinxulumene nesisindo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kunye negazi legazi, ezininzi iingxaki ezibonwayo ekukhulelweni zivela kule micimbi.
Ileta ephezulu
Basetyhini abaninzi okanye abagqithisileyo bafumana ukuba baphoqelelwe kwiindlela zonyango eziye zengozi enkulu, nangona kungabikho iingxaki ezingapheliyo kwaye baphoqelelwe ukuba bamkele ukungenelela okanye ukuvavanya ukuba abayikufuna. Oku kungenxa yokuba ininzi yabasetyhini kwinqanaba elingaphezu komzimba kunye nokugqithisa kakhulu libizwa ngokuba yizigulane ezinobungozi obuphezulu .
Nangona ukugqithisa okanye ukugqithisa kunokunyusa ezinye iingxaki, ubuninzi beengxaki ezenzekayo ekukhulelweni ngaphakathi kwezi nkalo zobunzima zisengenxa yesimo esingasigxina, esingaxhomekeke kuso okanye esingenakulinganiswa nesisindo. Umzekelo omhle wawuza kubakho iingxaki zeengcinezelo zegazi zangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo ngokwenene ukuba abafazi abaninzi abaqondi ukuba ukubhala ingozi ephezulu akuyona into efana nokuthi uya kuba neengxaki xa ukhulelwa, nje ngokuba kukho ithuba elikhulu lokwenzeka.
Ngaphandle kwileyibhile enobungozi obuphezulu, inani elithile labasetyhini kufuneka libe nako ukukhulelwa okuncinci kunye nokuzalwa. Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-practitioner oyikhethile kunye nefilosofi yayo. Njengomntu okhulelwe, unamalungelo kwaye unokuwasebenzisa, oku kungabandakanya ukufumana intsha entsha xa kufanelekile.
Oko Ukwenza Ukuba Uvakalelwa Njengawe Uphathwa Ngamahlwempu Ngenxa yobunzima bakho
Okokuqala kufuneka ukhulume. Ugqirha okanye umbelethisi wakho akayi kuqaphela ukuba uziva kakubi malunga nokunyamekela kwakho. Oku kukuvumela ithuba lokucima umoya. Ukuba awukhululekile ukwenza oku kumntu, cinga ukubhala ileta kumboneleli wakho. Ukuba iinkxalabo zakho aziqwalaselwanga ngendlela ethanda ukuyenza, cinga ukunyamekela kwelinye iqela lamagqirha.
> Imithombo:
> Garretto D, Lin BB, Syn HL, uMgwebi uN, u-Beckerman K, u-Atallah F, uFriedman A, uBrdman M, uBernstein PS. Ukunyaniseka kungathi Kukhusele ukulungelelanisa okuPhezulu. J Obes. 2016; 2016: 9376592. i-doi: 10.1155 / 2016/9376592.
> I-Ruhstaller K. Ukukhutshwa kwezeMisebenzi kwiMonde enesifo. Semin Perinatol. 2015 Oct; 39 (6): 437-40. i-doi: 10.1053 / j.ngemperi.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Septemba 26.
> Shree R, Park SY, Beigi RH, Dunn SL, Krans EE. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yeSifo sokuThuthuka Ukulandela ukuThuthwa kweeSareya: Umonde, uMboneleli, kunye neNkqubo-Izinto ezijongene nobungozi. Am J Perinatol. 2016 Jan; 33 (2): 157-64. i-doi: 10.1055 / s-0035-1563548. Epub 2015 Sep 7.
> Ukufumana umthamo wobudoda ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ulwahlulo lweMpilo yoLuntu, iZiko leSizwe leZifo eziPhezulu nokuKhuthazwa kweMpilo. Isiko soLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuVikela. Oktobha 14, 2016.
> Ukunyusa ubunzima ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ukuphonononga kwakhona izikhokelo. UKathleen M. Rasmussen noAn Ann L. Yaktine, Abahleli; IKomidi yokuphinda iphinda ihlolisise i-IOM Yokukhulelwa kweZigqeba zoTywala; Iziko lezeMpilo; IBhunga loPhando lweSizwe; 2009.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Ukugqithisa ngokweqile kunye nokunyaniseka kwenkcazo ye-Factory Sheet N 311. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ [kufumaneka ngo-2016] NgoJuni 2016.